BPMN on One Page

BPMN 2.0 On One Page
KNOWLEDGE
QUOTA

“Mohamed Zakarya
Enterprise Architect
Bio

Course Content
▷Quick Overview
▷Your first Modeling
▷Process Flow & Token
▷Activities
▷Gateways
▷Events
▷Swimlane & Message flow
▷Artifacts & Data Objects

1 Quick Overview
▷BPMN on One Page
▷What is BPMN ?
▷History of BPMN
▷Goals of BPMN
▷BPMN & BPEL

What is BPMN ?
BPMN - Business Process Model and Notation
▷ NOTATION Definition
- A system of symbols used to represent special things.
- Mathematics has lots of notation!

What is BPMN ?
▷ MODEL Definition
- Something that is made to be like another thing
- This is a model of a house.
- A Mathematical Model tries to copy how a real world thing works using equations.
- we can use the equations to try new things, such as predict what happens
when sizes, temperatures, prices, etc. change.

What is BPMN ?
▷ Business Process
- Collection of related, structured activities or tasks that produce a specific
service or product
- Business Process serve a particular goal for a particular customer(s)

What is BPMN ? – Real World Example

What is BPMN ?
▷ Business Process Modeling (BPM)
- Activity of representing processes of an enterprise, so that the current
process may be analyzed, improved, and automated
- BPM is typically performed by business analysts
BPMN Model Notation

What is BPMN ?
▷Event-Driven Process Chains (EDCs)
▷Unified Modeling Language (UML)
▷ Notations used for business process modeling also includes
EDC Model UML Model

History of BPMN
- Fundamental evolution of the original standard
- Extends the scope and capabilities of BPMN in several areas
▷ BPMN 2.0

Goals of BPMN
▷ Standardized graphical notation exists for modeling business processes.
▷Notation understood by all stakeholders—from business analyst to process implementer
▷Notation allows for mapping of a graphical notation to an executable XML-based process
language (BPEL)
▷ Allows an interchange of diagrams between tools, using an interchange format.

BPMN & BPEL
▷ BPEL
- XML-based language for describing a business process
- BPEL engine executes the process description
- BPEL messages are typically used to invoke remote services, orchestrate process
execution and manage events and exceptions
- Standardized by OASIS in 2004 after collaborative efforts to create the language
by Microsoft, IBM and other companies.
- BPEL is the Execution Phase of Business Process Management

BPMN & BPEL
- Standard set of diagramming conventions for describing business processes
- Visualize set of process flow semantics within a process and communication
between independent processes
- BPMN is the Design Phase of Business Process Management
▷ BPMN
There are multiple mapping tools between BPMN , BPEL

2 Your first Modeling
▷Basic elements of BPMN
▷Events
▷Activities
▷Gateways

Basic elements of BPMN
Set of activities to perform specific goal
▷ Process
1. Activity
Work that is performed within the process (Task)
2. Event
Something that happened during the course of process
3. Gateway
Decision points to control the path of flow.
4. Sequence Flow
Show order of flow between activities.

Events
something that happens during a business process
▷ Starts
Triggers a process and marks the beginning of the flow
▷ Ends
Marks the process end , after all Tokens reached , the process instance is terminated.
▷ Delays, or interrupts the flow.
Occurs between the start and the end event and influences the flow

Events – BPMN Example
Book Car with start , end events
Invoice Process with Intermediate Event

Activities
Business processes consist of work steps (Activities) that are executed by
organization units or IT Systems to produces a service or product
▷ Task
An atomic activity within a process,
▷ Call Activity
A reusable Activity Task or Sub Process
▷ Sub Process
Compound activity represents a collection tasks and sub-processes
Activity Types :

Activities – BPMN Example
Eat Chinese Food task activity
Order PaymentOrder Request
Send Notification
Message
Order Payment Subprocess Activity

Activities – BPMN Example
SSO Login Call Activity
SSOLogin
Appointment
Request
Appointment
Message
Confirmation
Appointment
Confirmed

Activities – Real World Example

Gateways
Controls how the sequence flow spreads and merges within a process
▷Parallel Gateway
- Splits the sequence flow into two or more parallel flows
- Synchronizes or merges the parallel flows again
Basic Gateways Types:
▷ Exclusive Gateway
- Restricts flow only one alternative is selected from
a set of alternatives at runtime ( If … Else if …. )

Gateways – BPMN Example
Exclusive Gateway , only one task
will be executed A || B || C

Gateways – BPMN Example
Audit Sales , Audit Accounting will be parallel operates
after announce Audit Task finished

Gateways – Real World Example
Parallel
Exclusive

BPMN - Hello World
BPMN Demo using Microsoft Visio
- Show Events
- Show activities , activity types
- Show sequence flows
- Show basic gateway types

3 Process Flow & Token
▷Token Generation
▷Sequence flow
▷Conditional sequence flow
▷Default sequence flow

Token Generation
Token like a virtual marble , which is generated when a process is called.
Token never crosses the message floe to reach the flow of another pool
When a process begins , he start event generates a token.
The token migrates to the first activity along with the
Sequence flow
When token touches an activity , it executed
After activity execution , the token goes to the next flow
Object via the sequence flow.

Token Generation – BPMN Example
Flash sample for Token Generation – Parallel Gateway

BPMN – Token Generation Demo

Sequence Flows
Describes the flow sequence of activities in the process
▷ Sequence Flow
Normal sequence flow , define execution order of activites
▷Default Sequence Flow
Whenever no condition of the other outgoing sequence flows is met
(Default: in [while] loop)
▷Conditional Sequence Flow
Sequence flow with a condition (if --- then)

Sequence Flows – Normal Sequence flow
- Sequence flow is only used for mapping possible flow sequences , not for
describing the message exchange between pools.
- Sequence flow not allowed beyond pool boundary , between pools ,
data objects and comments.
- Start event can’t have an incoming sequence flow.
- End event can’t have outgoing sequence flow.

Sequence Flows – Conditional Sequence flow
- Sequence flow with condition
- If the condition is true , the conditional sequence flow receive a token
after the activity has be completed
- It must never come from a gateway of event.
- If activity has several outbound conditional sequence flow , every sequence flow
receive a token whose condition is met.
- In contrast to exclusive gateway , the conditions don’t have to be mutually exclusive.

Sequence Flows – Default Sequence flow
- Sequence flow indicated with slash ( / )
- If no condition is true at a branch , the default flow receive the token , so the flow
don’t get stuck (deadlock).
- Like else in programming ( if .. Else if .. Else if .. Else) or (default in switch case) .

Sequence Flows – Real World Example
Economy class is the default sequence flow
Business class is the conditional sequence flow

Sequence Flows – BPMN Example
Sequence flow types

BPMN – Sequence flow Demo
- Show Sequence flow
- Show Conditional sequence flow
- Show default sequence flow

4 Activities
▷Tasks , subprocess , process
▷Activity Types
▷Activities Markers
▷Task Types

Activity Types : 1. Task / Sub-Process
Sub-Process : is a compound activity that represents a collection of
other tasks and sub-processes
Task object shares the same shape as the Sub-Process except + sign
Task : is an atomic activity within a process flow
Task Sample Sub-Process
Sample

Activity Types : 2. Call Activity
Activity defined in a process that is external to the current process definition.
Call Activity is a Point in the Process where a global Processor a Global Task is used
It allows you to create a reusable process definition that can be reused
in multiple other process definitions.

Activity Types : 2. Call Activity Real World Example
Login with
Google Cloud Identity

Activity Types : 2. Call Activity BPMN Example
Checkout
Login with Google
Cloud Identity
Select Payment
Method
Call Activity Sample

Activity Types : 2. Call Activity BPMN Hands-on

Activity Types : 3. Transaction
Specialized type of sub-process that will have a special behavior that is
controlled through a transaction protocol (such as WS-Transaction)
Transaction
Sample
Logical unit of work which allows grouping of a set of individual
activities, so that they either succeed or fail collectively
Like atomic transaction type ( all success or nothing)

Activity Types : 3. Transaction Real World Example
Online Payment
Transactions

Activity Types : 3. Transaction BPMN Example
Transaction Activity Sample

Activity Types : 3. Transaction BPMN Hands-on

Activity markers Types – 1. Sub-Process
Subprocesses represent a collection of activities (and gateways and flows)
being represented collectively as a single activity
Sub-Process can have an expanded or collapsed representation
Reduce the complexity of the entire flow so it becomes
much easier to understand the logic of the process!
Sub-process Activity Notation

Activity markers Types – 1. Sub-Process Real World Example
Shipping process in
Online Purchase Orders

Activity markers Types – 1. Sub-Process BPMN Example
Sub-process Task Sample

Activity markers Types – 1. Sub-Process BPMN Hands-on

Activity markers Types – 2. Loop Activity
Loop Activity is repeated until the loop condition is met (While loop)
Loop condition is defined in the activity properties
Loop can applied into task or subprocess
Like while(condition) in programming
Loop Subprocess
Activity
Loop Task
Activity

Activity markers Types – 2. Loop Activity Real World Example
Continuous Learning Loop

Activity markers Types – 2. Loop Activity BPMN Example
Loop Task Sample
Brainstorm Draft Edit Draft Final Draft

Activity markers Types – 2. Loop Activity BPMN Hands-on

Activity markers Types – 3. Multi Instance Activity
Multi-instance activity can run with other identical activities simultaneously.
Multi-instance marker will cause the activity to be executed multiple times at runtime.
The instances may executed in parallel or sequential
Like foreach in programming
Multi-instance Activity
Notation

Activity markers Types – 3. Multi Instance Activity Real World Example
Transport containers
from ship
Review Employees
Reports

Activity markers Types – 3. Multi Instance Activity BPMN Example
Multi Instance Sample
Ship arrived the
harbor station
Transport Container
from Ship

Activity markers Types – 3. Multi Instance Activity BPMN Hands-on

Activity markers Types – Multi Instance VS Loop Activity
Use Loop when :
Use multi-instance when :
Loops for as long as the underlying looping condition is true.
Condition must be evaluated for every loop iteration (In beginning or end of iteration).
> While (condition)
Activity is performed many times with different data sets
For example : when a company’s manager receives reports from his employees
, he or she will need to evaluate them many times, each time with different data
> Foreach ( x in array of instants)

Activity markers Types – 4. Ad Hoc Activity
Ad hoc subprocess is one in which the specified steps are defined,
but the order of operations is not
This type of representation is common for documenting of manual processes
that do not have defined sequences.
Use it if there is no execution dependency between activities inside
ad hoc process .
Ad hoc activity
Notation

Activity markers Types – 4. Ad Hoc Activity Real World Example
Ad hoc technical
support channels

Activity markers Types – 1 4. Ad Hoc Activity BPMN Example
Ad hoc activity Sample

Activity markers Types – 4. Ad Hoc Activity BPMN Hands-on

Activity markers Types – 5. Compensation Activity
Compensation is concerned with undoing steps that were already successfully completed,
because their results and possibly side effects are no longer desired and need to be
reversed.
If an Activity is still active, it cannot be compensated, but rather needs to be canceled.
Compensation is performed by a compensation handler.
A compensation handler performs the steps necessary
to reverse the effects of an Activity
Compensation
Activity Notation

Activity markers Types – 5. Compensation Activity Real World Example
Flight Cancellation
Compensation plan

Activity markers Types – 5. Compensation Activity BPMN Example
Compensation Activity Sample
Compensation throw Event ,
which trigger compensation process
handling catch Compensation Event ,
Which connected to compensation undo task
Compensation marker task that will
Perform undo action
Event sub-process that will handle
the compensation process , in case of failure

Activity markers Types – 5. Compensation Activity BPMN Hands-on

Task Behavior Types – 1. User Task
Task where a human performer performs the Task with the assistance of a
software application ( process-aware app)
It represents a typical “workflow” Task
User Tasks are assumed to be performed via an application’s user interface
User Task
Notation

Task Behavior Types – 1. User Task Real World Example
A customer fulfils an
online registration form
An editor approves an
article for publishing

Task Behavior Types – 1. User Task BPMN Example
User Task Sample

Task Behavior Types – 1. User Task BPMN Hands-on

Task Behavior Types – 2. Manual Task
Task that is expected to be performed without the aid of
▪ Any business process execution engine
▪ Or any application
Manual Task
Notation
Type of BPMN Task which requires human involvement to complete.
A Manual Task provides no system interface to the performer,
so it is inherently not executable in a BPMS.

Task Behavior Types – 2. Manual Task Real World Example
Loading a truck with product
A telephone technician
installs a telephone at a
customer location

Task Behavior Types – 2. Manual Task BPMN Example
Prepare
Sales Report
Sign-Off Report
by Sales Manager
Manual Task Sample

Task Behavior Types – 2. Manual Task BPMN Example

Task Behavior Types – 3. Send Task
Simple Task that is designed to send a Message to an external Participant
Once the Message has been sent, the Task is completed
The actual Participant who sends the Message can be identified by connecting the Send
Task to a Participant by using a Message Flow.
Send Task
Notation
Participant1Participant2

Task Behavior Types – 3. Send Task Real World Example
When the purchase is
complete, send the
invoice to the customer,
When the article is
published, inform the
author

Task Behavior Types – 3. Send Task BPMN Example
Send Task Sample

Task Behavior Types – 3. Send Task BPMN Example

Task Behavior Types – 4. Receive Task
A Receive Task indicates that the process has to wait for a message
to arrive from external participant in order to continue ,
Task is completed once message has received
Receive Task is often used to start a Process.
Receive task is the opposite of the Send Task.
Receive Task
Notation

Task Behavior Types – 4. Receive Task Real World Example
Begin with the delivery
process as soon the shipping
address is approved
Teacher receive test
answer to start evaluating
students grades

Task Behavior Types – 4. Receive Task BPMN Example
Receive Task Sample

Task Behavior Types – 4. Receive Task BPMN Example

Task Behavior Types – 5. Business Rule Task
▪ Provides a mechanism for the Process to provide input to a Business Rules Engine
and to get the output of calculations that the Business Rules Engine might provide
▪ InputOutputSpecification property of Task :
allow process to send data to and receive data from the Business Rules Engine
Business Rule
Task Notation

Task Behavior Types – 5. Business Rule Task – (BRE – BRMS)
Software component that allows non-programmers to add or change business logic
in a business process management system (BPMS)
Business rules engine will include the following :
Business Rule Repository
Database to store Business rules defined by Business Users
Business Rule Editor
User interface to manipulate business rules
Reporting Component
User interface to query , report current rules
Rules Engine Execution Core
Actual programming code that enforces the rules

Task Behavior Types – 5. Business Rule Task – (BRE – BRMS)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_process_management

Task Behavior Types – 5. Business Rule Task Real World Example
Send the appropriate product offer
according to the user’s behavior.
Calculate the insurance cost
according to the user’s profile

Task Behavior Types – 5. Business Rule Task BPMN Example
Business Rule Task Sample

Task Behavior Types – 5. Business Rule Task BPMN Example

Task Behavior Types – 6. Service Task
Service Task
Notation
▷ Service Tasks is a Task that uses some sort of service, which could be a Web
service or an automated application
▷ As opposed to the User Task and Manual Task, a Service Task does not
require any human interaction
▷ It is completed automatically, by using some sort of an external service
(outside the corresponding “process execution environment”)

Task Behavior Types – 6. Service Task Real World Example
A payment processed by
PayPal services
Converting a price into a specific
currency using an online currency
converter

Task Behavior Types – 6. Service Task BPMN Example
service Task Sample
Post article Publish on Twitter
Yes
No
Through
Twitter API

Task Behavior Types – 6. Service Task BPMN Example

Task Behavior Types – 7. Script Task
▷ The modeler or implementer defines a script in a language that
the engine can interpret
▷ In contrast to service task , script task is executed by a business process
engine.
▷ When the task is ready to start , the engine will execute the script
Script Task
Notation

Task Behavior Types – 7. Script Task Real World Example
Add a unique ID to a
help-desk ticket.
Calculate the total cost by
summing product cost and
shipping cost

Task Behavior Types – 7. Script Task BPMN Example
Script Task Sample

Task Behavior Types – 7. Script Task BPMN Example

5 Gateways
▷Exclusive gateways
▷Parallel gateways
▷Inclusive gateway
▷Complex gateway

Exclusive Gateway
(If .. Else if .. )
1

Exclusive gateway
▪ Exclusive Gateway (Decision) is used to create alternative paths within a Process flow.
For a given instance of the Process, only one of the paths can be taken.
▪ A Decision can be thought of as a question that is asked at a particular point
in the Process.
▪ The question has a defined set of alternative answers. Each answer
is associated with a condition Expression
Exclusive Gateway Sample (Data-based Exclusive Gateway)

Exclusive gateway – Real world example
Road Diversion

Exclusive gateway - BPMN Example
Exclusive gateway Sample
(with X Marker or not is the same)
Process Request
Order
Amount > 1000
Order Sale by 10%
Order Delivery

Exclusive gateway - BPMN Hands-on
https://knowhow.visual-paradigm.com/know-how_files/2009/12/04_Exclusive_gateway.html
Token Demo

Event-based gateway
Exclusive Gateway
Notation
▪ Event-Based Gateway are similar to exclusive gateway but the trigger of gateway is
base on event occur instead of evaluate condition.
▪ Event-base gateway , is always followed by catching events or receive tasks.
▪ Sequence flow is routed to the subsequent event/task which happens first.
▪ Basically, the decision is made by another Participant (which send message)
based on data that is not visible to Process

Event-based gateway
Event-Based Gateway example using
Message Intermediate Events
Event-Based Gateway example
using Receive Tasks

Event-based gateway – Real world example
Event-based Gateway
Triggered by time Alarm , sensor Alarm

Event-based gateway - BPMN Example
Event-based gateway Sample

Event-based gateway - BPMN Hands-on
https://knowhow.visual-paradigm.com/know-how_files/2009/12/10_Event-Based_Gateway.html
Token Demo

Parallel gateway
▪ Parallel Gateway is used to synchronize (combine) parallel flows
and to create parallel flows
▪ A Parallel Gateway creates parallel paths without checking any condition , each
outgoing Sequence Flow receives a token upon execution of this Gateway
▪ For incoming flows, the Parallel Gateway will wait for all incoming flows before
triggering the flow through its outgoing Sequence Flows
Parallel Gateway Sample (Create & Combine)

Parallel gateway – Real world example
Multi Work (Parallel)

Parallel gateway - BPMN Example
Parallel gateway Sample
Prepare
Results
Email Results
of Vote
Post Results
on Web site
Enable
Feedback

Parallel gateway - BPMN Hands-on
https://knowhow.visual-paradigm.com/know-how_files/2009/12/11_Parallel_Gateway.html
Token Demo

Inclusive gateway
Inclusive Gateway Notation
▪ Inclusive gateway can be used to create alternative but also parallel paths within a
Process flow.
▪ Unlike the Exclusive Gateway, all condition Expressions are evaluated. The true
evaluation of one condition Expression does not exclude the evaluation of other
condition Expressions.
▪ All Sequence Flows with a true evaluation will be traversed by a token.
▪ Since each path is considered to be independent, all
combinations of the paths MAY be taken, from zero to all.

Inclusive gateway – Real world example
Applicable for Exclusive OR Parallel
OR
Mixer can Squeeze one or multiple fruits or vegetables

Inclusive gateway - BPMN Example
Inclusive gateway Sample
Ship goods
By Air Contract
Airlines
By Sea
Contact
Container Port
Prepare
Delivery Note
Exclusive || Parallel || or Both Gateway

Inclusive gateway - BPMN Hands-on
https://knowhow.visual-paradigm.com/know-how_files/2009/12/07_Inclusive_gateway.html
Token Demo

6 Events
▷Start Event
▷End Event
▷Intermediate Event

Events
something that happens during a business process
▷ Starts
Triggers a process and marks the beginning of the flow
▷ Ends
Marks the process end , after all Tokens reached , the process instance is terminated.
▷ Intermediate (Delays, or interrupts the flow)
Occurs between the start and the end event and influences the flow

Events – Real World Example
Events like Triggers

Start Event
the Start Event indicates where a particular Process will start.
In terms of Sequence Flows, the Start Event starts the flow of the Process, and thus,
will not have any incoming Sequence Flows
Start Event is OPTIONAL , Process MAY (is NOT REQUIRED to) have a Start Event
If there is an End Event, then there MUST be at least one Start Event.
All Flow Objects that do not have an incoming Sequence Flow SHALL be instantiated
when the Process is instantiated

Start Event – triggers Types

End Event
End Event indicates where a Process will end.
In terms of Sequence Flows, the End Event ends the flow of the Process , and thus,
will not have any outgoing Sequence Flows—no Sequence Flow can connect
from an End Even
End Event is OPTIONAL , Process MAY (is NOT REQUIRED to) have a End Event
If there is an Start Event, then there MUST be at least one End Event.
All the tokens that were generated within the Process MUST be consumed by an End
Event before the Process has been completed.

Intermediate Event
Intermediate Event indicates where something happens (an Event) somewhere
between the start and end of a Process
It will affect the flow of the Process, but will not start or (directly) terminate the
Process
Intermediate Events can be used to:
▪ Show where Messages are expected or sent within the Process,
▪ Show delays are expected within the Process
▪ Disrupt the normal flow through exception handling, or
▪ Show the extra work needed for compensation

Intermediate Event – triggers Types

Trow & Catch
Interrupting & Non- Interrupting

Throw & Catch Events
You can set an event to be catch or throw.
Catch means to react to a trigger,
while Throw means to create a trigger

Interrupting & Non- Interrupting
Non-interrupting events :
The difference is that when the event is triggered, the exceptional flow
occurs in parallel to the main flow

7 Swimlane & Message flow
▷Pool
▷Lane
▷Message flow

Swimlane
- In a swimming pool, there are lanes designated for swimmers. Swimmers get
their own lanes to swim in without swimming across another.
- Swimlanes may be arranged horizontally or vertically.
- For horizontal swimlanes, process flows from left to right, while process in
vertical swimlanes flow from top to bottom.
A Swimlane is a graphical container for
partitioning a set of activities from other
activities.
BPMN has two different types
of Swimlanes “Pool” and “Lane.”

Pool
- Pools represent participants in a business process
- A Pool is a container for partitioning a Process from other Pools/Participants
- A Pool is the graphical representation of a Participant in a Collaboration
- It can be a specific entity (e.g. Partner Company , Department)
- A Pool acts as a container for Sequence Flows between Activities (of a contained Process)
Pool Notation
Name

Pool – Black box
- A Pool is not required to contain a Process, i.e., it can be a “black box.”
- Blackbox pool is often used when modeling entities external to the business process.
- As it is external, its internal flow does not have any impact on the process being
modeled, hence can be skipped, producing a Blackbox
Blackbox Pool Notation

Pool – BPMN Example
Customer Pool Example

Pool – BPMN Example

Lane
A Lane is a sub-partition within a Process(often within a Pool).
Lanes should represent specific roles. For instance, when you have a pool Department,
you may have Department Head and General Clerk as lanes.
BPMN Lanes should not represent individuals. ( represent Role not individual )
Lanes may contain other lanes to form a nested structure when needed.
Lane within Pool Notation

Lane – Real world Example
Word press User Roles Example

Lane – BPMN Example
Pizza Vendor Roles Example

Lane – BPMN Example

Message flow
A Message Flow is used to show the flow of Messages between two Participants
that are prepared to send and receive them.
A Message Flow MUST connect two separate Pools. They connect either to
Pool boundary or to Flow Objects within the Pool boundary.
Message flows can be attached to a pool, activity or event.
Message Flows cross the boundaries of a pool , An activity or event in one pool
can initiate a message to another pool.
Message Flow
Notation

Message flow VS Sequence flow
Message Flows cross the boundaries of a pool, and represent exchange of
information between participants.
whereas Sequence Flows represent sequence of flow between flow objects
within a specific participant (will never cross over the boundaries of a pool)
Message Flow
Notation
Sequence Flow
Notation

Message Flow – Real world Example
Supply chain exchange messages between Process participants

Message Flow – BPMN Example
Message flow with attached message
https://knowhow.visual-paradigm.com/know-how_files/2009/12/01_Simple_BPD.html

BPMN Collaboration Diagram
- A Collaboration represents interactions between two or more business entities.
- A Collaboration depicts a global point of view. It shows the interactions between
participants in general
- A Collaboration contains two or more pools, representing participants in the
collaboration , even with external participants
- Messages exchanged between participants are shown by message flows that connect
two pools together (or objects within the pools)

BPMN Collaboration Diagram – Real world Example
Team Work Collaboration

BPMN Collaboration Diagram - Example
Collaboration diagram with two Black Box Pools

BPMN Collaboration Diagram - Example
Collaboration diagram with two Pools showing process

BPMN Collaboration Diagram – BPMN Example

8 Artifacts & Data Objects
▷Group
▷ Comment
▷ Association
▷ Data object

Data Object
Goup
Assosiation
Text
Annotation

Group
- The Group object is an Artifact that provides a visual mechanism
to group elements of a diagram informally.
- As an Artifact, a Group is not an Activity or any Flow Object, and, therefore,
cannot connect to Sequence Flows or Message Flows.
- Groups are not constrained by restrictions of Pools and Lanes , This means Group
can stretch across the boundaries of a Pool to surround Diagram elements
- Use groups to better arrange your BPMN diagram and increase
its usefulness to your organization. Group
Notation
Goup

Group - BPMN Example
Group Sample
Usually, you need this when you want to represent that a group of BPMN Activities
exist within a distributed business-to-business transaction.

Group - BPMN Hands-on

Artifacts : Text Annotation
(Comment)
2

Text Annotation
- Text Annotations are a mechanism for a modeler to provide additional information
for the reader of a BPMN Diagram
- Text Annotation can be connected to a specific object on Diagram with an
Association, but does not affect the flow of the Process.
- Text associated with the Annotation can be placed within the bounds
of the open rectangle.
- Add annotations to make your BPMN more readable and
further increase understanding of your process. Text Annotation
Notation
Text
Annotation

Text Annotation - BPMN Example
Text Annotation Sample

Text Annotation - BPMN Hands-on

Association
- An Association is used to associate information and Artifacts with Flow Objects.
- Associations are usually used to link a Text Annotation or a Data Object
to an element of the process flow.
- Association can show the direction of a flow
Association
Notation

Association - BPMN Example
Association Sample
Friday
Retrieve Issue List Review Issue List
Issue
List
Issue List
[Initial]
Process Triggered every
Friday morning

Association - BPMN Hands-on

Data Object
- Data Objects represent information flowing through the process such as business
documents ,e-mails or letters.
- Data Objects show the inputs and outputs of Activities, Processes, and Global Tasks
and do not affect the process flow.
- If a process instance is cancelled, all of its Data Object instances become
inactive and, therefore, inaccessible to any external processes
Data Object
Notation

Data Object - Types
Data objects can represent :
- Data placed to the process,
- Data resulting from the process,
- Data that needs to be collected,
- Data that needs to be stored

Data Object – 1. Data Input
Tasks are often data-dependent, meaning the task cannot proceed until
certain data has been collected.
Data inputs represent those data requirements of the business process.
Data Input
Notation

Data Object – 2. Data Output
IF a process generates data, a data output represents the information
produced as a result.
For instance, a BPMN diagram that represents the survey collection
process would output result data and require a data output shape.
Data Output
Notation

Data Object – 3. Data Collection
Represent collection of information like list of order items.
Data collection is denoted differently than a one-time data requirement.
Data Collection
Notation

Data Object – 4. Data Store
Datastore provides a mechanism for Activities to retrieve or update
stored information that will persist beyond the scope of the Process
In a BPMN diagram, you can determine where you will store data
to keep track of your data and increase efficiency.
Data Store
Notation

Data Object - BPMN Example
Data Object Sample
Friday
Retrieve Issue List Review Issue List
Issue
List
Issue List
Process Triggered every
Friday morning

Data Object - BPMN Hands-on

“
References
Togaf Online Documentation
Process Group for Togaf
Open 2 Study Course
Togaf Arabic Playlist

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Any questions?
You can find me at:
@MohamedZekus
eng.mohamedzakarya@gmail.com

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