Borates are boron-containing compounds that contain borate anions. They are classified based on the number of boron atoms in the anion, ranging from orthoborates to hexaborates. Borates have many important uses such as increasing plant growth, preventing bacterial growth, and as flame retardants. They are found naturally occurring as minerals like ulexite and colemanite and have a variety of industrial applications.
It contains full explanation about borazine, which includes physical and chemical nature of borazine and it's applications. Which also includes CSIR and GATE questions.
It contains full explanation about borazine, which includes physical and chemical nature of borazine and it's applications. Which also includes CSIR and GATE questions.
Introductory PPT on Metal Carbonyls having its' classification,structure and applications.This is a basic level PPT specially prepared for UG/PG Chemistry students.
THE PERICYCLIC REACTION THE MOST COMMON TOPIC INCLUDE THE SYLLABUS OF MANY SCIENCE STUDY INCLUDING BSC, MSC , PHARMA STUDY, AND MORE HENCE WE ARE COVERED ALL THE DATA OF IT HOPE THIS WILL MAKE READER EASY.
Bioinorganic chemistry by Dr Geeta TewariGeeta Tewari
This presentation will be helpful to study the general idea of bioinorganic chemistry, role of metal ions in biological systems and metalloproteins. This may also be beneficial to 12 class students, B Sc and M Sc students. The same lecture is also uploaded in the form of video lecture in my youtube channel with the following link
https://youtu.be/VqE-63nUevQ
The embed code of the video is:
Bonding and Antibonding interactions; Idea about σ, σ*, π, π *, n – MOs; HOMO, LUMO and SOMO; Energy levels of π MOs of different conjugated acyclic and cyclic systems; Hückel’s rules for aromaticity; Frost diagram
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Contributed by: Elizabeth Greenhalgh, Amanda Bischoff, and Matthew Sigman, University of Utah, 2015
Introductory PPT on Metal Carbonyls having its' classification,structure and applications.This is a basic level PPT specially prepared for UG/PG Chemistry students.
THE PERICYCLIC REACTION THE MOST COMMON TOPIC INCLUDE THE SYLLABUS OF MANY SCIENCE STUDY INCLUDING BSC, MSC , PHARMA STUDY, AND MORE HENCE WE ARE COVERED ALL THE DATA OF IT HOPE THIS WILL MAKE READER EASY.
Bioinorganic chemistry by Dr Geeta TewariGeeta Tewari
This presentation will be helpful to study the general idea of bioinorganic chemistry, role of metal ions in biological systems and metalloproteins. This may also be beneficial to 12 class students, B Sc and M Sc students. The same lecture is also uploaded in the form of video lecture in my youtube channel with the following link
https://youtu.be/VqE-63nUevQ
The embed code of the video is:
Bonding and Antibonding interactions; Idea about σ, σ*, π, π *, n – MOs; HOMO, LUMO and SOMO; Energy levels of π MOs of different conjugated acyclic and cyclic systems; Hückel’s rules for aromaticity; Frost diagram
An overview of the use of the Marcus Theory to calculate the energies of transition states.
Contributed by: Elizabeth Greenhalgh, Amanda Bischoff, and Matthew Sigman, University of Utah, 2015
Boron (B), atomic number 5, is the first chemical element of Group 13 or Group IIIA in the periodic table has the smallest size and highest electronegativity, the compounds are essential to plant growth and wide industrial application of ancient civilization.
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Details notes for Diploma in Pharmacy (D.Pharmacy) Students.
Inorganic chemistry Unit-19 Metal Cluster.pdfkoreanhitz70
It's the best notes on the metal cluster of the subject inorganic chemistry. It presents knowledge on borane, diborane, carboranes, their reactions, introduction and classes.
Sodium borohydride will reduce many organic carbonyls, depending on the precise conditions. Most typically, it is used in the laboratory for converting ketones and aldehydes to alcohols. It will reduce acyl chlorides, thiol esters and imines.
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June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
2. Introduction
Borates are the name for a large number of boron-
containing oxyanions. The term "borates" may also refer to
tetrahedral boron anions, or more loosely to chemical
compounds which contain borate anions.
joined together via shared oxygen atoms and may be
cyclic or linear in structure.
3. Importance:
stimulate plant growth
inhibit bacteria and fungi
increase crop yields
to remove stains
increase its resistance to heat and chemicals
to personal care products to prevent bacterial growth
as flame retardants
5. Orthoborate
The simplest borate anion
BO3
-3 is known in the solid state, for
example in Ca3(BO3 )3
trigonal planar structure
Isoelectonic to CO3
-2
6. Metaborate anion
Tetrahedral form
When it is heated, boric acid
loses water to form various
condensed boric acids, such
as cyclic metaboric acid
7. Triborate anion
the triborate anion is a six-member BO ring (referred to as a boroxyl ring)
triborate B3O5−7, found in CaAlB3O7 (johachidolite)
8. Tetraborate anion
the tetraborate anion is a bridged eight-
member B-O ring
The tetraborate anion (tetramer) includes two
tetrahedral and two trigonal boron atoms
symmetrically assembled in cyclic structure
sodium tetraborate, Na2[B4O5(OH)4]·8H2O,
which is commonly called borax , formula is
often written as Na2B4O7·10H2O
11. Boric acid:
Boric acid is a weak proton donor (pKa ~ 9) in the sense of Brønsted acid, but is a
Lewis acid, i.e., it can accept an electron pair
Boric acid does not dissociate in aqueous solution, but is acidic due to its
interaction with water molecules, forming tetrahydroxyborate
Acidic, its reaction with OH– from water, forming the tetrahydroxyborate complex
(B(OH)-4 ), proton left by the water autoprotolysis
B(OH)3 + 2H2O ⇌ B(OH)-4 + H3O+ (pKa = 8.98)
12. Polymeric ions:
Under acid conditions boric acid undergoes condensation reactions to form
polymeric oxyanions:
4B(OH)4
− + 2H+ ⇌ B4O5(OH)4
2− + 7H2O
13. Borate esters:
organic compounds of the type B(OR)3 where R is alkyl or aryl
prepared by condensation reaction of boric acid and the alcohol:
B(OH)3 + 3 ROH → B(OR)3 +3 H2O
Borate esters are volatile and can be purified by distillation
alkyl borates burn with a characteristic green flame
14. Trimethyl borate B(OCH3)3 is a popular borate ester used in organic synthesis
borate esters are prepared from alkylation of trimethyl borate:
ArMgBr + B(OCH3)3 → MgBrOCH3 + ArB(OCH3)2
ArB(OCH3)2 + 2 H2O → ArB(OH)2 + 2 HOCH3
These esters hydrolyze to boronic acids, which are used in Suzuki couplings
15. Suzuki couplings
The Suzuki reaction is an organic reaction, classified as a coupling reaction, where
the coupling partners are a boronic acid and an organohalide catalyzed by a
palladium complex.
17. Ulexite:
(NaCaB5O6(OH)4.8H2O) (hydrated sodium calcium borate
hydroxide)
sometimes known as TV rock
is usually found as evaporite deposits along with borax
occurs in the form of white, rounded crystalline masses or as
closely packed fibrous crystals
The isolated borate poly anion [B5O9]-3 has five boron atoms,
therefore placing ulexite in the pentaborate group.
Widely used on basis of optical properties.
18. Colemanite
(CaB3O4(OH)3·H2O) secondary mineral that forms by alteration of borax and ulexite
It has many industrial uses, like the manufacturing of heat resistant glass.
deposits in parts of Turkey, the United States (particularly Death Valley, Argentina,
and Kazakhastan, as well as other parts of the globe
