Boolean operators
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This document discusses Boolean operators - AND, OR, and NOT - that can be used to relate search terms in library databases. AND retrieves only articles containing all terms, narrowing the search. OR retrieves articles with any of the terms, broadening the search. NOT eliminates articles containing the second term. Nesting keywords/phrases in parentheses allows building complex searches using multiple operators. Quotation marks are used to search exact phrases rather than individual words. Examples are provided to illustrate the use of each operator.
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- 1. Boolean Operators Prince George’s Community College Library
- 2. Boolean operators • Use BOOLEAN OPERATORS to relate the terms in specific ways that will affect the results of a search. • Boolean operators are terms that create relationships between concepts and words • AND • OR • NOT
- 3. AND retrieves only articles that contain all the terms and will narrow the search Examples: • “child obesity” AND Maryland • “child obesity” AND “eating disorder” • “video games” AND children • “attention deficit disorder” AND children
- 4. OR retrieves articles with any of the terms and will broaden the search Examples: • “child obesity” OR “overweight children” • children OR juveniles • “attention deficit hyperactive disorder” OR hyperactivity
- 5. NOT eliminates articles containing the second term even when the first term is present. This will narrow the search Examples: • obesity AND children NOT adults • depression AND teen NOT adults • “video games” AND teenagers NOT children
- 6. Using Nesting with Operators • Use nesting to build a more complex search by putting keywords and/or phrases in parentheses to determine their relationship when more than one operator is used. • Examples: • (children AND teenagers) AND (ADHD OR hyperactivity) • (children AND “video games”) NOT (teens OR adults)
- 7. Key Concepts • USE QUOTATION MARKS " " before and after a phrase, two or more words that must be together in a defined order. • Examples: • “African American” • “eating disorder” • “obsessive compulsive disorder” • “video games” • This lets the database know that you want to search for this phrase, and not the individual words that make up the phrase.
- 8. Questions? • Send an e-mail to the library! • librefdesk@pgcc.edu Thank you for watching!