Working capital refers to a company's short-term assets and liabilities, specifically current assets like cash, inventory, and accounts receivable minus current liabilities like accounts payable. It is important for business operations as it represents the cash available for daily expenses and unplanned costs. Liquidity, or the ability to pay short-term debts, is measured using ratios that compare current assets to current liabilities like the current ratio. Managing working capital involves strategies for accounts receivable, payable, and inventory levels to optimize cash flow and the cash conversion cycle.
BlueBookAcademy.com - Introduction to Business Valuationbluebookacademy
Lets run through the three popular approaches to valuing companies, both private and public. We introduce asset-based, relative and cash flow based valuation methods using case study examples. We discuss the concept of price, value and worth and identify the value drivers financial analysts use to determine value.
BlueBookAcademy.com Explains Capital Budgetingbluebookacademy
Lets run through the principles of capital budgeting, making sound financial decisions to allocate resources and finances effectively. Capital budgeting is widely used in corporate finance, project appraisal and many other applications. We cover the important concepts of net present values (NPV) and internal rates of return (IRR).
BlueBookAcademy.com - Value companies using Discounted Cash Flow Valuationbluebookacademy
In this slideshow on valuing companies using discounted cash flows (DCF), we'll run through the most popular valuation tool used by investment bankers, traders and investors to compute the value of a company's shares and make stock recommendations.
As a fundamental concept in finance, DCF models have wider applications in valuing bonds (fixed income) and in project appraisal.
BlueBookAcademy.com - Introduction to Business Valuationbluebookacademy
Lets run through the three popular approaches to valuing companies, both private and public. We introduce asset-based, relative and cash flow based valuation methods using case study examples. We discuss the concept of price, value and worth and identify the value drivers financial analysts use to determine value.
BlueBookAcademy.com Explains Capital Budgetingbluebookacademy
Lets run through the principles of capital budgeting, making sound financial decisions to allocate resources and finances effectively. Capital budgeting is widely used in corporate finance, project appraisal and many other applications. We cover the important concepts of net present values (NPV) and internal rates of return (IRR).
BlueBookAcademy.com - Value companies using Discounted Cash Flow Valuationbluebookacademy
In this slideshow on valuing companies using discounted cash flows (DCF), we'll run through the most popular valuation tool used by investment bankers, traders and investors to compute the value of a company's shares and make stock recommendations.
As a fundamental concept in finance, DCF models have wider applications in valuing bonds (fixed income) and in project appraisal.
| Capital Budgeting | CB | Payback Period | PBP | Accounting Rate of Return |...Ahmad Hassan
After studying this, you should be able to:
• Understand the payback period (PBP) method of project evaluation and selection, including its: (a) calculation; (b) acceptance criterion; (c) advantages and disadvantages; and (d) focus on liquidity rather than profitability.
• Understand the three major discounted cash flow (DCF) methods of project evaluation and selection – internal rate of return (IRR), net present value (NPV), and accounting rate of return (ARR).
• Explain the calculation, acceptance criterion, and advantages (over the PBP method) for each of the three major DCF methods. l Define, construct, and interpret a graph called an “NPV profile.”
• Understand why ranking project proposals on the basis of the IRR, NPV, and ARR methods “may” lead to conflicts in rankings.
• Describe the situations where ranking projects may be necessary and justify when to use either IRR, NPV, or ARR rankings.
• Understand how “sensitivity analysis” allows us to challenge the single-point input estimates used in traditional capital budgeting analysis.
• Explain the role and process of project monitoring, including “progress reviews” and “postcompletion audits.”
Following this presentation you will:
- Recognise the main functions of finance in a firm
- Understand the role of investment in business growth
- Realise the importance of investment appraisal to business
- Identify and understand the different techniques to appraise an investment
- Evaluate the net value of an investment and its impact on the appraisal process
Investment appraisal and company valuation methods for beginners.
Concepts such as time value of money, simple interest, compound interest, CARG, cash-flows, WACC, inflation, discounting and capitalizing cash-flows are covered; in order to analyse and determine the economic feasibility of a project and what is the intrinsic or fair value of a company introducing discounted cash-flow techniques and multiples valuation
when start a new business, it needs to calculate how much profit a company would earn. In doing so, it is important to consider "time value money" and some uncertainty factors. Thus return on capital investment should not only rely on rate of return and/or payback.
While it's true that valuing a business is part art part science, there are specific methodologies that can be applied to determine the value of a business. Here are the 5 most frequently used methods to value a startup.
Find out more on: https://www.equidam.com/how-to-value-a-business/
Discover your company value on https://www.equidam.com/
| Capital Budgeting | CB | Payback Period | PBP | Accounting Rate of Return |...Ahmad Hassan
After studying this, you should be able to:
• Understand the payback period (PBP) method of project evaluation and selection, including its: (a) calculation; (b) acceptance criterion; (c) advantages and disadvantages; and (d) focus on liquidity rather than profitability.
• Understand the three major discounted cash flow (DCF) methods of project evaluation and selection – internal rate of return (IRR), net present value (NPV), and accounting rate of return (ARR).
• Explain the calculation, acceptance criterion, and advantages (over the PBP method) for each of the three major DCF methods. l Define, construct, and interpret a graph called an “NPV profile.”
• Understand why ranking project proposals on the basis of the IRR, NPV, and ARR methods “may” lead to conflicts in rankings.
• Describe the situations where ranking projects may be necessary and justify when to use either IRR, NPV, or ARR rankings.
• Understand how “sensitivity analysis” allows us to challenge the single-point input estimates used in traditional capital budgeting analysis.
• Explain the role and process of project monitoring, including “progress reviews” and “postcompletion audits.”
Following this presentation you will:
- Recognise the main functions of finance in a firm
- Understand the role of investment in business growth
- Realise the importance of investment appraisal to business
- Identify and understand the different techniques to appraise an investment
- Evaluate the net value of an investment and its impact on the appraisal process
Investment appraisal and company valuation methods for beginners.
Concepts such as time value of money, simple interest, compound interest, CARG, cash-flows, WACC, inflation, discounting and capitalizing cash-flows are covered; in order to analyse and determine the economic feasibility of a project and what is the intrinsic or fair value of a company introducing discounted cash-flow techniques and multiples valuation
when start a new business, it needs to calculate how much profit a company would earn. In doing so, it is important to consider "time value money" and some uncertainty factors. Thus return on capital investment should not only rely on rate of return and/or payback.
While it's true that valuing a business is part art part science, there are specific methodologies that can be applied to determine the value of a business. Here are the 5 most frequently used methods to value a startup.
Find out more on: https://www.equidam.com/how-to-value-a-business/
Discover your company value on https://www.equidam.com/
This particular project is based on ratio analysis of Coca-Cola International. I have analyzed two years financial performance of Coke i.e. from 2011 to 2012. I hope my this effort will help other interested students.
A general presentation about working capital. It gives an overview of the structure, management role, cash management. Solutions to manage working capital aspects.
Financial Controllers operate in a global environment where flexibility is the watchword. There has been widespread recognition of the need for finance to develop from being a scorekeeper to a business partner. Many organisations have changed their finance function as a result. Non-financial objectives such as risk, IT ROI, quality, reliability, lead times and customer satisfaction have gained in importance. Much more attention needs to be paid to the external environment, particularly the business’ competitive advantage, applying a wider strategic perspective
BONKMILLON Unleashes Its Bonkers Potential on Solana.pdfcoingabbar
Introducing BONKMILLON - The Most Bonkers Meme Coin Yet
Let's be real for a second – the world of meme coins can feel like a bit of a circus at times. Every other day, there's a new token promising to take you "to the moon" or offering some groundbreaking utility that'll change the game forever. But how many of them actually deliver on that hype?
Financial Assets: Debit vs Equity Securities.pptxWrito-Finance
financial assets represent claim for future benefit or cash. Financial assets are formed by establishing contracts between participants. These financial assets are used for collection of huge amounts of money for business purposes.
Two major Types: Debt Securities and Equity Securities.
Debt Securities are Also known as fixed-income securities or instruments. The type of assets is formed by establishing contracts between investor and issuer of the asset.
• The first type of Debit securities is BONDS. Bonds are issued by corporations and government (both local and national government).
• The second important type of Debit security is NOTES. Apart from similarities associated with notes and bonds, notes have shorter term maturity.
• The 3rd important type of Debit security is TRESURY BILLS. These securities have short-term ranging from three months, six months, and one year. Issuer of such securities are governments.
• Above discussed debit securities are mostly issued by governments and corporations. CERTIFICATE OF DEPOSITS CDs are issued by Banks and Financial Institutions. Risk factor associated with CDs gets reduced when issued by reputable institutions or Banks.
Following are the risk attached with debt securities: Credit risk, interest rate risk and currency risk
There are no fixed maturity dates in such securities, and asset’s value is determined by company’s performance. There are two major types of equity securities: common stock and preferred stock.
Common Stock: These are simple equity securities and bear no complexities which the preferred stock bears. Holders of such securities or instrument have the voting rights when it comes to select the company’s board of director or the business decisions to be made.
Preferred Stock: Preferred stocks are sometime referred to as hybrid securities, because it contains elements of both debit security and equity security. Preferred stock confers ownership rights to security holder that is why it is equity instrument
<a href="https://www.writofinance.com/equity-securities-features-types-risk/" >Equity securities </a> as a whole is used for capital funding for companies. Companies have multiple expenses to cover. Potential growth of company is required in competitive market. So, these securities are used for capital generation, and then uses it for company’s growth.
Concluding remarks
Both are employed in business. Businesses are often established through debit securities, then what is the need for equity securities. Companies have to cover multiple expenses and expansion of business. They can also use equity instruments for repayment of debits. So, there are multiple uses for securities. As an investor, you need tools for analysis. Investment decisions are made by carefully analyzing the market. For better analysis of the stock market, investors often employ financial analysis of companies.
how to sell pi coins in South Korea profitably.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network coins in South Korea or any other country, by finding a verified pi merchant
What is a verified pi merchant?
Since pi network is not launched yet on any exchange, the only way you can sell pi coins is by selling to a verified pi merchant, and this is because pi network is not launched yet on any exchange and no pre-sale or ico offerings Is done on pi.
Since there is no pre-sale, the only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners. So a pi merchant facilitates these transactions by acting as a bridge for both transactions.
How can i find a pi vendor/merchant?
Well for those who haven't traded with a pi merchant or who don't already have one. I will leave the what'sapp number of my personal pi merchant who i trade pi with.
Message: +12349014282 VIA Whatsapp.
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BYD SWOT Analysis and In-Depth Insights 2024.pptxmikemetalprod
Indepth analysis of the BYD 2024
BYD (Build Your Dreams) is a Chinese automaker and battery manufacturer that has snowballed over the past two decades to become a significant player in electric vehicles and global clean energy technology.
This SWOT analysis examines BYD's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats as it competes in the fast-changing automotive and energy storage industries.
Founded in 1995 and headquartered in Shenzhen, BYD started as a battery company before expanding into automobiles in the early 2000s.
Initially manufacturing gasoline-powered vehicles, BYD focused on plug-in hybrid and fully electric vehicles, leveraging its expertise in battery technology.
Today, BYD is the world’s largest electric vehicle manufacturer, delivering over 1.2 million electric cars globally. The company also produces electric buses, trucks, forklifts, and rail transit.
On the energy side, BYD is a major supplier of rechargeable batteries for cell phones, laptops, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems.
How to get verified on Coinbase Account?_.docxBuy bitget
t's important to note that buying verified Coinbase accounts is not recommended and may violate Coinbase's terms of service. Instead of searching to "buy verified Coinbase accounts," follow the proper steps to verify your own account to ensure compliance and security.
This presentation poster infographic delves into the multifaceted impacts of globalization through the lens of Nike, a prominent global brand. It explores how globalization has reshaped Nike's supply chain, marketing strategies, and cultural influence worldwide, examining both the benefits and challenges associated with its global expansion.
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Nike Supply Chain
Globalization of Nike
Nike Manufacturing Process
Rubber Materials Nike
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Cotton in Nike Apparel
Nike Shops Worldwide
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Yes of course, you can easily start mining pi network coin today and sell to legit pi vendors in the United States.
Here the what'sapp contact of my personal vendor.
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Seminar: Gender Board Diversity through Ownership NetworksGRAPE
Seminar on gender diversity spillovers through ownership networks at FAME|GRAPE. Presenting novel research. Studies in economics and management using econometrics methods.
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024 - Ricerca sulle Startup e il Sistema dell'Innov...Quotidiano Piemontese
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024
Una ricerca de il Club degli Investitori, in collaborazione con ToTeM Torino Tech Map e con il supporto della ESCP Business School e di Growth Capital
2. Learning Outcomes
• What is Working Capital?
• Why is it important for business operations?
• What is Liquidity?
• How do we measure Liquidity?
• Defining Operating Working Capital
• Case Study Companies
3. What is Working Capital?
Working capital management is the management of the
short-term investment and financing of a company.
4. What is Working Capital?
Working Capital = Current Assets - Current Liabilities
Working Capital Formula
5. Why is Working Capital Important?
Working capital is the cash available for daily operations,
to cover short term expenses and also any unplanned
expenses.
Working Capital is important for young companies that
cannot access capital on the financial markets.
6. Why is Working Capital Important?
Liquidity is the ability of the company to satisfy its short-
term obligations using assets that are readily converted
into cash.
Liquidity management is the ability of the company to
generate cash when and where needed.
8. Current Assets
Current Assets Definition
Cash & Cash Equivalents
Cash, money market securities, short-term
government bonds
Short-term investments
Investments in stocks and bonds that will be
redeemed within 12 months
Accounts Receivable
Money owed to a business, usually in the form
of invoices
Prepaid Expenses
Future expenses that have been paid in
advance. eg. insurance
Inventories Stock of goods for eventual sale
9. Question
Which of the follow is not a current asset?
A. Cash
B. Accounts Payable
C. Accounts Receivable
10. Question
Which of the follow is not a source of liquidity?
A. Sale of assets
B. Capital Expenditure
C. Converting customers’ invoices
11. Current Liabilities
Current Liabilities Definition
Short term loans Money owed to the bank within 12 months.
Accounts Payable
Total amount owed to suppliers (creditors) for goods
and services received but not paid
Accrued Income Taxes
Income tax payable to the Government within 12
months
Accrued Liabilities
Includes salaries, dividends payable. Typically booked
on balance sheet before payment takes place
13. Question
Which of the following is not a current liability:
A. Accrued Income Taxes
B. Prepaid Expenses
C. Short-term Loans
14. Current Liabilities
If accounts receivable is: money owed to a
business, usually in the form of invoices
What are some strategies can we use to manage
accounts receivable?
Question for you
Hit and have a go at answering before we continue
15. Accounts Receivable
• Strategies to manage accounts receivable:
- Effective processing and tracking of invoices
- Invoice clients sooner
- Establish credit policies
- Extend payment methods
- Review accounts receivable regularly and prepare performance measurement reports
16. Current Liabilities
If accounts payable is the: Total amount owed to
suppliers (creditors) for goods and services received
but not paid
What are some strategies can we use to manage
accounts payable?
Question for you
Hit and have a go at answering before we continue
17. Accounts Payables
• Effective strategies for accounts payable management
include:
- Use technology to centralise the accounts payable process
- Negotiate vendor terms (30days, 90 days etc.)
- Trade credit and the cost of alternative forms of short-term financing
18. Inventories
Inventory (stock) is the goods that a business holds for the eventual
purpose of selling.
Inventory management involves preserving a balanced level of
inventory that meets market demand.
Why hold inventory?
• For regular sales operations
• Incase of excess demand / To guarantee stock
19. Current Liabilities
If inventories are the goods that a business holds for
the eventual purpose of selling.
What are some strategies can we use to manage
inventories?
Question for you
Hit and have a go at answering before we continue
20. Inventory Management
What might be different ways to manage inventory?
•A system where actual orders indicate when a unit should be
produced (‘demand-pull’) - Just in Time
•Determining the number of units produced with each order to
minimise holding/order/storage costs - Economic order quantity
21. Measuring Liquidity: Ratios
By measuring liquidity, we can tell how easy it will be for the
company to raise cash or convert assets into cash.
In the below formulas, we include current assets such as
accounts payable, short term investments and receivables as
they can be ‘liquidated’ converted into cash quickly.
22. Measuring Liquidity: Ratios
1. Current Ratio
2. Quick Ratio
3. Cash Ratio
4. Accounts Payable Days
5. Accounts Receivable Days
6. Inventory Days
7. Cash Conversion Cycle
23. Liquidity Ratios - Current Ratio
Current Ratio
Indicates if a company has sufficient resources to cover
its short term obligations.
Current Assets
Current Liabilities
Current Ratio =
24. Liquidity Ratios - Current Ratio
Quick Ratio
Indicates if a company has sufficient resources to cover
its short term obligations using its assets which are as
near to cash.
Quick Ratio =
Current Assets− Inventories
Current Liabilities
25. Liquidity Ratios - Current Ratio
Cash Ratio
A more specific measure of a company’s liquid assets
relative to its short term obligations.
Cash Ratio =
Cash&Cash Equivalents
Current Liabilities
27. Question
The quick ratio EXCLUDES which of the following?
A. Accounts receivable
B. Inventories
C. Cash
28. Liquidity Ratios - Inventory Days
Inventory days
Tells us how many days inventories eg. products stored in a
factory take to be sold.
Inventories
Cost of Goods Sold
x 365 days
29. Liquidity Ratios - Receivables Days
Accounts Receivable
Total Sales
x 365 days
Receivables days
Calculates how many days it takes for debtors (someone
who owes us money) eg. client invoices to pay us.
30. Liquidity Ratios - Payables Days
Accounts Payable
Cost of Goods Sold
x 365 days
Payables days
How many days we need to make payments to creditors.
31. Question
To improve our cash flow position, should we aim to:
1. Decrease Payables Days?
2. Decrease Receivables Days?
3. Increase Inventory Days?
32. Liquidity Ratios: Cash Conversion Cycle
Cash Conversion Cycle
How long does it take for these assets and liabilities to
convert into cash overall?
Inventory Days + Receivables Days - Payables Days =
Cash Conversion Cycle
35. • Working capital is a measure of a company’s short term financial
health.
• The objective of working capital management is to ensure a smooth
operating cycle.
• Companies can use a number of operational strategies to improve
their working capital positions.
• Financial analysts measure liquidity by calculating ratios from a
company’s financial statements.
Recap