The document discusses the Blue Brain project, which aims to create a virtual human brain through detailed biological simulations. It begins by introducing the Blue Brain and explaining that it is a simulated brain being developed by IBM to function like the human brain. It then discusses how the natural brain works and the steps involved in simulating it, including data acquisition, simulation, and visualization. The document outlines the objectives of the Blue Brain project, how it will upload and simulate the human brain using nanobots, and its potential applications and advantages, such as remembering things without effort and making independent decisions. It concludes by noting that the project aims to fully simulate the human brain by 2047.

1. GIRIJABAI SAIL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING 2016-2017
BLUE BRAIN
Presented by: Shubank Desai
USN: 2GJ12EC015
Under The Guidance of: Prof. Sateesh Awari
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2. CONTENTS
oINTRODUCTION
oWHAT IS BLUE BRAIN
oWHAT IS VIRTUAL BRAIN
oFUNCTIONS OF NATURAL BRAIN
oWORKING OF NATURAL BRAIN
oBRAIN SIMULATION
oBLUE BRAIN OBJECTIVES
oHOW BLUE BRAIN WORKS
oARTIFICIAL BRAIN
oADVENTAGES AND DISADVENTAGES
oAPPLICATIONS
oCONCLUSION 2

3. INTRODUCTION
o Human brain is the most valuable creation of God. The
man is called intelligent because of the brain.
o But we loss the knowledge of a brain when the body is
destroyed after the death.
o That knowledge might have been used for the
development of the human society.
o Is it really possible to create a human brain?
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4. 4
o “YES”, The IBM is now developing a virtual brain known
as the BLUE BRAIN.
o It would be the worlds first virtual brain.
o Within 30 years, we will be able to scan ourselves into
the computers.

5. WHAT IS BLUE BRAIN
o “Blue brain” –The name of the world’s first virtual
brain. That means a machine that can function as
human brain.
o Today, scientists are in research to create an artificial
brain that can think, response, take decision, and
keep anything in memory.
o The main aim is to upload human brain into machine.
So that man can think, take decision without any
effort.
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6. WHAT IS VIRTUAL BRAIN
o Virtual brain is an artificial brain, which does not actually
the natural brain, but can act as the brain.
o It can think like brain, take decisions based on the past
experience, and response as the natural brain can.
o It is possible by using a super computer, with a huge
amount of storage capacity, processing power and an
interface between the human brain and this artificial one.
o Through this interface the data stored in the natural brain
can be uploaded into the computer.
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7. WHY WE NEED VIRTUAL BRAIN
o To upload contents of the natural brain into it.
o To keep the intelligence, knowledge and skill of a
person forever.
o To remember things without any effort.
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8. 8
WORKING OF NATURAL BRAIN

9. BRAIN SIMULATION
NATURAL BRAIN SIMULATED BRAIN
 INPUT
 Through the natural
neurons.
 INTERPRETATION
 By different states of the
neurons in the brain.
 OUTPUT
 Through the natural
neurons.
 INPUT
 Through the silicon chip
or artificial neurons.
 INTERPRETATION
 By a set of bits in the set
of register
 OUTPUT
 Through the silicon chip.
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 PROCESSING
 Through arithmetic and
logical calculations
 MEMORY
 Through permanent
states of neurons
 PROCESSING
 Through arithmetic and
logical calculation and
artificial intelligence
 MEMORY
 Through Secondary
memory
NATURAL BRAIN SIMULATED BRAIN

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STEPS TO BUILD A VIRTUAL BRAIN
o Data Acquisition
o Simulation
o Visualization

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DATA ACQUISITION
o Taking brain slices & studying it under a microscope.
o Neuronal 3D morphologies are reconstructed using
Neurolucida software package.
o Electrophysiological behaviour of neurons is studied using a
12-patch clamp.
SIMULATION
o Primary Software called NEURON.
o Written in C,C++ and FORTRAN.

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VISUALIZATION
o RT-Neuron is the primary application used by the Blue brain
project.
o Written in C++ & Open Graphics Library (Open GL).
o Animations can be stopped, started & zoomed.
o Now there is no question how the virtual brain will work.
But the question is how the human brain will be
uploaded into it. This is also possible due to the fast
growing technology.

14. UPLOADING HUMAN BRAIN
o The uploading is possible by the use of small robots
known as the nanobots.
o These robots are small enough to travel through out our
circulatory system.
o Traveling into the spine and brain, they will be able to
monitor the activity and structure of our central nervous
system.
o They will be able to provide an interface with computer
that is as close as our mind while we still reside in our
biological form.
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15. o Nanobots can also carefully scan the structure of our
brain, providing a complete readout of the connection.
o This information, when entered into a computer, could
then continue to function as us.
o Thus the data stored in the entire brain will be uploaded
into the computer.
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Fig: Nanobots

16. EXAMPLE OF BLUE BRAIN
o A very good example of utilization of blue brain is in the
case called "short term memory".
o In some movies we might have noticed that a person
might be having short term memories.
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17. o Another situation is that when a person gets older, then
he starts forgetting or takes a bit more time to recognize
to a person.
o For the above reason we need a blue brain. It is simple
chip that can be installed into the human brain for which
the short term memory and volatile memory at the old age
can be avoided.
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18. HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE
REQUIREMENT
o A Super computer.
o Memory with a very large storing capacity.
o Processor with a very high processing power.
o A very wide network.
o A program to convert the electric impulses from the brain
to input signal, which is to be received by the computer
and vice versa.
o Very powerful Nanobots to act as the interface between
the natural brain and the computer.
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BLUE BRAIN PROJECT OBJECTIVES
o The project will search for insights into how human beings
think and remember.
o Scientists think that blue brain could also help to cure the
Parkinson's disease.
o The brain circuitry is in a complex state of flux, the brain
rewires itself every moment of its existence. If scientists
can crack open the secret of how and why the brain does
it, the knowledge could lead to new breed of
supercomputers

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RESEARCH WORK
o IBM is developing the “Blue brain”.
o IBM, in partnership with scientists at Switzerland’s Ecole
Polytechnique Federale De Lausanne’s (EPFL) Brain and
Mind Institute will begin simulating the brain’s biological
systems.
Fig: The "Blue Brain" supercomputer in Lausanne,
Switzerland.

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ADVANTAGES OF BLUE BRAIN
o Remembering things without any effort.
o Making decision without the presence of a person.
o Using intelligence of a person after death.
o Understanding the activities of animals.
o Advantageous to cure different brain disease.

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DISADVANTAGES OF BLUE BRAIN
o We become dependent upon the computers.
o Another fear is found with respect to human cloning.
o A very costly procedure of regaining the memory back.
o Others may use technical knowledge against us.

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APPLICATIONS OF BLUE BRAIN
o It acts as a supercomputer.
o Improvements in processing, speed and memory could
make entire human brain simulated.
o Things could be remembered without any effort.
o It can make decisions entirely of its own.
o Allowing the deaf to hear via direct nerve simulation.

24. CONCLUSION
o Will be able to transfer ourselves into the computer at
some point.
o It will bring both benefits and harm to human society.
o Blue Gene supercomputers can simulate up to 100 cortical
columns, 1 million neurons, and 1 billion synapses at
once.
o Despite the sheer complexity, it is predicted that the
project will complete by the year 2047
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25. REFERENCES
[1] “Engineering in medicine and biology society”,2008.EMBS 2008. 30th
Annual International Conference of the IEEE.
[2] Henry Markram, ”The Blue Brain Project”, Nature Reviews Neuroscience
2006 February.
[3] Simulated brain closer to thought BBC News 22 April 2009.
[4] “Project Milestones”. Blue Brain.
http://bluebrain.epfl.ch/jahia/site/bluebrain/op/edit/pid/19085
[5] Graham-Rowe, Duncan. ”Mission to build a simulated brain begins”, New
Scientist, June 2005.pp.1879-1985.
[6] Blue Gene: http://www.research.ibm.com/bluegene
[7] The Blue Brain Project: http://bluebrainproject.epfl.ch
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26. THANK YOU
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