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[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What is immunology? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Immune response ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Types of Immunity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Types of Immunity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Humoral and cellular immunity   (antibody mediated or cellular)
Immune System Innate /Nonspecific Adaptive /Specific/ Acquired Protects/re-exposure Cellular Components Humoral Components Humoral Components Cellular Components
Development of the Immune System ,[object Object],[object Object]
Cells of the immune system
Lymphocytes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Monocytes/Macrophage ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Dendritic Cells ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Mast Cells ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Neutrophil ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Eosinophils ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Lymphoid organs
Function of the Immune System (Self/Non-self Discrimination ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Innate immune responses ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Anatomical Barriers - Mechanical Factors Flushing action of tears, saliva, mucus, urine Epithelium ( e.g.  nasopharynx) Mucociliary elevator Ciliated epithelium ( e.g.  respiratory tract) Peristalsis Non-ciliated epithelium ( e.g.  GI tract) Mucous Membranes Physical barrier Desquamation Squamous epithelium Skin Mechanism Cell type System or Organ
Anatomical Barriers - Chemical Factors Anatomical Barriers - Chemical Factors Opsonin Sufactants (lung) Antimicrobial Defensins (respiratory & GI tract) Low pH Lysozyme and phospholipase A HCl (parietal cells) Tears and saliva Mucous Membranes Anti-microbial fatty acids Sweat Skin Mechanism Component System or Organ
Anatomical Barriers - Biological Factors Antimicrobial substances Competition for nutrients and colonization Normal flora Skin and mucous membranes Mechanism Component System or Organ
Humoral Components Various effects Cytokines Breaks down bacterial cell walls Lysozyme Compete with bacteria for iron Lactoferrin and transferrin Increase vascular permeability Recruitment of phagocytic cells Β -lysin from platelets – a cationic detergent Coagulation system Lysis of bacteria and some viruses Opsonin Increase in vascular permeability Recruitment and activation of phagocytic cells Complement
Cellular Components Killing of certain parasites Eosinophils Killing of virus-infected and altered self targets NK and LAK cells Phagocytosis and intracellular killing Extracellular killing of infected or altered self targets Tissue repair Antigen presentation for specific immune response Macrophages Phagocytosis and intracellular killing Inflammation and tissue damage Neutrophils Functions Cell
Adaptive/ Acquired/ Specific Immunity
Key characteristics of the adaptive immune responses ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Types of Acquired Immunity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Types of Acquired Immunity (Continued) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Cells of adaptive immune responses
B lymphocytes Involved in  humoral  CD3 molecule  B-cell receptor (BCR, Ag recognition) T-lymphocytes  Function Surface components Cell group
T-lymphocytes Involved in both humoral and cell-mediated responses CD3 molecule  T-cell receptor (TCR, Ag recognition) T-lymphocytes  Function Surface components Cell group
T helper cells (CD 4+ cells) 1. Recognizes antigen presented within Class II MHC 2. Promotes differentiation of B-cells and cytotoxic T-cells  3. Activates Macrophages CD4 molecule Helper T-cells (TH) Function Surface components Cell group
Cytotoxic T cells (CD 8+ cells) Recognizes antigen presented within Class I MHC  Kills cells expressing appropriate antigen CD8 molecule Cytotoxic T-cells (CTL) Function Surface components Cell group
T Suppressor Cells (CD 8+ cells) Downregulates the activities of other cells CD8 molecule Suppressor T-cells (TS) Function Surface components Cell group
Macrophages Bind Fc portion of immunoglobulin (enhances phagocytosis)  Bind complement component C3b (enhances phagocytosis)  Antigen presentation within Class II MHC  Secrete IL-1 (macrokine) promoting T-cell differentiation and proliferation  Can be "activated" by T-cell lymphokines 1. Immunoglobulin Fc receptor  2. Complement component C3b receptor  3. Class II MHC molecule Macrophages Function Surface components Cell group
Dendritic Cells Antigen presentation within Class II MHC Class II MHC molecule Dendritic cells Function Surface components Cell group
Primary and Secondary Immune Responses
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Comparison   of Innate and Adaptive Immunity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Blsy2 immunology 1

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  • 6. Humoral and cellular immunity (antibody mediated or cellular)
  • 7. Immune System Innate /Nonspecific Adaptive /Specific/ Acquired Protects/re-exposure Cellular Components Humoral Components Humoral Components Cellular Components
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  • 9. Cells of the immune system
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  • 20. Anatomical Barriers - Mechanical Factors Flushing action of tears, saliva, mucus, urine Epithelium ( e.g. nasopharynx) Mucociliary elevator Ciliated epithelium ( e.g. respiratory tract) Peristalsis Non-ciliated epithelium ( e.g. GI tract) Mucous Membranes Physical barrier Desquamation Squamous epithelium Skin Mechanism Cell type System or Organ
  • 21. Anatomical Barriers - Chemical Factors Anatomical Barriers - Chemical Factors Opsonin Sufactants (lung) Antimicrobial Defensins (respiratory & GI tract) Low pH Lysozyme and phospholipase A HCl (parietal cells) Tears and saliva Mucous Membranes Anti-microbial fatty acids Sweat Skin Mechanism Component System or Organ
  • 22. Anatomical Barriers - Biological Factors Antimicrobial substances Competition for nutrients and colonization Normal flora Skin and mucous membranes Mechanism Component System or Organ
  • 23. Humoral Components Various effects Cytokines Breaks down bacterial cell walls Lysozyme Compete with bacteria for iron Lactoferrin and transferrin Increase vascular permeability Recruitment of phagocytic cells Β -lysin from platelets – a cationic detergent Coagulation system Lysis of bacteria and some viruses Opsonin Increase in vascular permeability Recruitment and activation of phagocytic cells Complement
  • 24. Cellular Components Killing of certain parasites Eosinophils Killing of virus-infected and altered self targets NK and LAK cells Phagocytosis and intracellular killing Extracellular killing of infected or altered self targets Tissue repair Antigen presentation for specific immune response Macrophages Phagocytosis and intracellular killing Inflammation and tissue damage Neutrophils Functions Cell
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  • 29. Cells of adaptive immune responses
  • 30. B lymphocytes Involved in humoral CD3 molecule B-cell receptor (BCR, Ag recognition) T-lymphocytes Function Surface components Cell group
  • 31. T-lymphocytes Involved in both humoral and cell-mediated responses CD3 molecule T-cell receptor (TCR, Ag recognition) T-lymphocytes Function Surface components Cell group
  • 32. T helper cells (CD 4+ cells) 1. Recognizes antigen presented within Class II MHC 2. Promotes differentiation of B-cells and cytotoxic T-cells 3. Activates Macrophages CD4 molecule Helper T-cells (TH) Function Surface components Cell group
  • 33. Cytotoxic T cells (CD 8+ cells) Recognizes antigen presented within Class I MHC Kills cells expressing appropriate antigen CD8 molecule Cytotoxic T-cells (CTL) Function Surface components Cell group
  • 34. T Suppressor Cells (CD 8+ cells) Downregulates the activities of other cells CD8 molecule Suppressor T-cells (TS) Function Surface components Cell group
  • 35. Macrophages Bind Fc portion of immunoglobulin (enhances phagocytosis) Bind complement component C3b (enhances phagocytosis) Antigen presentation within Class II MHC Secrete IL-1 (macrokine) promoting T-cell differentiation and proliferation Can be "activated" by T-cell lymphokines 1. Immunoglobulin Fc receptor 2. Complement component C3b receptor 3. Class II MHC molecule Macrophages Function Surface components Cell group
  • 36. Dendritic Cells Antigen presentation within Class II MHC Class II MHC molecule Dendritic cells Function Surface components Cell group
  • 37. Primary and Secondary Immune Responses
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