The document discusses the Superpave performance graded specification for asphalt binders. The specification grades asphalt binders based on the climate and expected pavement temperatures. A variety of tests are used to evaluate the binder properties related to different distresses at different temperatures. The rotational viscosity test evaluates workability at construction temperatures. The dynamic shear rheometer test evaluates rutting resistance at high in-service temperatures after both short-term aging from mixing and long-term aging. The bending beam rheometer and direct tension tests evaluate stiffness and strength respectively at low in-service temperatures. Conditioning such as short-term aging with the rolling thin film oven test and long-term aging with the pressure aging vessel better simulate
Dave Aver, City of Santa Rosa, and Greg Reader, George Reed Inc., deliver a presentation on Superpave Mix Designs, test methods and how the results are incorporated in the final Job Mix Formula. Presentation delivered on Nov. 7, 2019 at the California Asphalt Pavement Association Fall Asphalt Pavement Conference in Sacramento, Calif.
What is the Superpave binder? and how it is superior over traditional Binder and limitation of traditional binder specification. And testing methods and consideration of Superpave Binder.
Dave Aver, City of Santa Rosa, and Greg Reader, George Reed Inc., deliver a presentation on Superpave Mix Designs, test methods and how the results are incorporated in the final Job Mix Formula. Presentation delivered on Nov. 7, 2019 at the California Asphalt Pavement Association Fall Asphalt Pavement Conference in Sacramento, Calif.
What is the Superpave binder? and how it is superior over traditional Binder and limitation of traditional binder specification. And testing methods and consideration of Superpave Binder.
Presentation on asphalt binders by Bob Humer, Asphalt Institute, delivered at the California Asphalt Pavement Association (CalAPA) Spring Asphalt Pavement Conference April 25-26, 2018 in Ontario, CA.
Marsh cone test is reliable and simple method to study the rheological properties of cements and mortars.
Flow time of cement/mortar through marsh cone is indicator of viscosity, which depends upon cement super plasticizer compatibility.
Mainly this presentation covers about how to understand and analyse soil as highway sub-grade material..
discussed about the basic properties of soil, classification of soils, tests to conduct on soil and how soil can be selected as highway material..
Information on the slides is found on the internet. Any incorrect information is not intended. All credit is given to the source of information, not to the author of this slide.
Presentation on asphalt binders by Bob Humer, Asphalt Institute, delivered at the California Asphalt Pavement Association (CalAPA) Spring Asphalt Pavement Conference April 25-26, 2018 in Ontario, CA.
Marsh cone test is reliable and simple method to study the rheological properties of cements and mortars.
Flow time of cement/mortar through marsh cone is indicator of viscosity, which depends upon cement super plasticizer compatibility.
Mainly this presentation covers about how to understand and analyse soil as highway sub-grade material..
discussed about the basic properties of soil, classification of soils, tests to conduct on soil and how soil can be selected as highway material..
Information on the slides is found on the internet. Any incorrect information is not intended. All credit is given to the source of information, not to the author of this slide.
Presentation delivered at the CalAPA Spring Asphalt Pavement Conference April 9-10, 2014 in Ontario. Topic: New Superpave specification coming to California.
An orientation on changes to Caltrans asphalt pavement specifications to incorporate elements of the national "Superpave" standard. Presented by Joe Peterson, chief, Office of Roadway Materials Testing for Caltrans at the Dec. 3, 2014 CalAPA L.A. and High Desert Technical Committee meeting in Fontana.
A sample lab report on Marshall method of mix design for bituminous mixtures with all calculations.
Please request with your mail ID if you want to download this document.
Presentation by Dr. John Harvey, University of California Pavement Research Center, Davis & Berkeley, on Pavement Research and Practical Applications. Presentation delivered during the CalAPA Fall Asphalt Pavement Conference Oct. 26-27, 2016 in Sacramento, Calif.
2017 CalAPA Fall Asphalt Pavement Conference presentation: New specifications are available that provide local agencies the ability to utilize the latest in asphalt mix design and material testing. Presented by Brandon Milar, CalAPA, substituting for Frank Farshidi, Project Manager, City of San Jose Department of Transportation.
Presentation by Jack Van Kir,, Director of Asphalt Technology, George Reed Inc. on best practices for Rubberized Hot Mix Asphalt (RHMA) Mix Design. Presentation delivered during the CalAPA Fall Asphalt Pavement Conference Oct. 26-27, 2016 in Sacramento, Calif.
At the California Asphalt Pavement Association (CalAPA) Spring “Technical Tune-Up” Educational Workshop held April 5, 2022 in Brea, a presentation titled "Developing a Successful QA Program for Cold in-place Recycling (CIR) and Cold Central Plant Recycling (CCPR)" was delivered by Fernando Aragon, P.E., G.E., Principal Engineer, Aragon Geotechnical, Inc. Successful CIR implementation requires effective QC testing by the contractor and acceptance testing by the
Owner/Agency. Learn the key components for both of these testing programs that make up a successful QA program. Learn what the new specifications mean for testing and common mistakes to avoid during the
construction of CIR and CCPR projects.
Presentation delivered March 4, 2015 by Amir Ghavibazoo, Ph.D., at the California Asphalt Pavement Association joint Los Angeles-High Desert Technical Committee meeting in Fontana.
HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL AND PRACTICERowingGhosh
HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL & PRACTICE
Age hardening is a result of a number of factors, the principal ones being
Oxidation. The reaction of oxygen with the asphalt binder.
Volatilization. The evaporation of the lighter constituents of asphalt binder. It is primarily a function of temperature and occurs principally during HMA production.
Polymerization. The combining of like molecules to form larger molecules. These larger molecules are thought to cause a progressive hardening.
RoadstaB - Road stabilization technology invented in Russia to withstand the crucial climatic condition, at the same time providing economical, durable, and innovative future alternative road in India. Please do not confuse Road stabilization with Soil Stabilization.
Presentation by Sallie Houston on slurry seal mix design for the CalAPA Spring Asphalt Pavement Conference & Equipment Expo, April 20-21, 2016, in Ontario, CA.
Presentation by CRM, a leading recycled rubber supplier to the asphalt market, on the use of Rubberized Hot Mix Asphalt. Delivered at the California Asphalt Pavement Association "Where the Rubber Meets the Road" asphalt rubber educational workshop April 18, 2023 in Sacramento.
Company Valuation webinar series - Tuesday, 4 June 2024FelixPerez547899
This session provided an update as to the latest valuation data in the UK and then delved into a discussion on the upcoming election and the impacts on valuation. We finished, as always with a Q&A
An introduction to the cryptocurrency investment platform Binance Savings.Any kyc Account
Learn how to use Binance Savings to expand your bitcoin holdings. Discover how to maximize your earnings on one of the most reliable cryptocurrency exchange platforms, as well as how to earn interest on your cryptocurrency holdings and the various savings choices available.
Recruiting in the Digital Age: A Social Media MasterclassLuanWise
In this masterclass, presented at the Global HR Summit on 5th June 2024, Luan Wise explored the essential features of social media platforms that support talent acquisition, including LinkedIn, Facebook, Instagram, X (formerly Twitter) and TikTok.
Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey throu...dylandmeas
Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey through Full Sail University. Below, you’ll find a collection of my work showcasing my skills and expertise in digital marketing, event planning, and media production.
Buy Verified PayPal Account | Buy Google 5 Star Reviewsusawebmarket
Buy Verified PayPal Account
Looking to buy verified PayPal accounts? Discover 7 expert tips for safely purchasing a verified PayPal account in 2024. Ensure security and reliability for your transactions.
PayPal Services Features-
🟢 Email Access
🟢 Bank Added
🟢 Card Verified
🟢 Full SSN Provided
🟢 Phone Number Access
🟢 Driving License Copy
🟢 Fasted Delivery
Client Satisfaction is Our First priority. Our services is very appropriate to buy. We assume that the first-rate way to purchase our offerings is to order on the website. If you have any worry in our cooperation usually You can order us on Skype or Telegram.
24/7 Hours Reply/Please Contact
usawebmarketEmail: support@usawebmarket.com
Skype: usawebmarket
Telegram: @usawebmarket
WhatsApp: +1(218) 203-5951
USA WEB MARKET is the Best Verified PayPal, Payoneer, Cash App, Skrill, Neteller, Stripe Account and SEO, SMM Service provider.100%Satisfection granted.100% replacement Granted.
Premium MEAN Stack Development Solutions for Modern BusinessesSynapseIndia
Stay ahead of the curve with our premium MEAN Stack Development Solutions. Our expert developers utilize MongoDB, Express.js, AngularJS, and Node.js to create modern and responsive web applications. Trust us for cutting-edge solutions that drive your business growth and success.
Know more: https://www.synapseindia.com/technology/mean-stack-development-company.html
Event Report - SAP Sapphire 2024 Orlando - lots of innovation and old challengesHolger Mueller
Holger Mueller of Constellation Research shares his key takeaways from SAP's Sapphire confernece, held in Orlando, June 3rd till 5th 2024, in the Orange Convention Center.
LA HUG - Video Testimonials with Chynna Morgan - June 2024Lital Barkan
Have you ever heard that user-generated content or video testimonials can take your brand to the next level? We will explore how you can effectively use video testimonials to leverage and boost your sales, content strategy, and increase your CRM data.🤯
We will dig deeper into:
1. How to capture video testimonials that convert from your audience 🎥
2. How to leverage your testimonials to boost your sales 💲
3. How you can capture more CRM data to understand your audience better through video testimonials. 📊
In the Adani-Hindenburg case, what is SEBI investigating.pptxAdani case
Adani SEBI investigation revealed that the latter had sought information from five foreign jurisdictions concerning the holdings of the firm’s foreign portfolio investors (FPIs) in relation to the alleged violations of the MPS Regulations. Nevertheless, the economic interest of the twelve FPIs based in tax haven jurisdictions still needs to be determined. The Adani Group firms classed these FPIs as public shareholders. According to Hindenburg, FPIs were used to get around regulatory standards.
2. Superpave Asphalt Binder Specification
The grading system is based on Climate
PG 64 - 22
Min pavement
temperature
Performance
Grade
Average 7-day max
pavement temperature
Asphalt Binders
Superpave Binder Tests
2
3. Pavement Temperatures are Calculated
• Calculated by Superpave software
• High temperature
– 20 mm (.8”) below the surface of mixture
• Low temperature
– at surface of mixture
Pave temp = f (air temp, depth, latitude)
www.tfhrc.gov/pavement/ltpp/ltppbind.htm
Asphalt Binders
Superpave Binder Tests
3
4. PG Specification Tests
• Rheology
– Fundamental properties related to HMA
performance
• Test parameters
– Selected to represent in-service &
construction temperatures
• Asphalt binder conditioning
– Environmental factors
• Short and long term aging
Asphalt Binders
Superpave Binder Tests
4
6. Tests Used in PG Specifications
Construction
RV
Asphalt Binders
DSR
Superpave Binder Tests
BBR
6
7. Construction Asphalt Binder
Properties
• Concentric cylinder rheometer
– Used to insure a minimum
workability (pumpability) at
typical mixing temperature
– Maximum viscosity 3kPa at
135oC (275 F)
Asphalt Binders
Superpave Binder Tests
Construction
[RV]
7
10. Rutting
• DSR testing
– Minimum stiffness requirement
• Original asphalt binder
• Immediately after construction
– Short term aging
Rutting
[DSR]
Asphalt Binders
Superpave Binder Tests
10
11. High In-Service Temperatures
• Permanent deformation (rutting)
• Mixture is plastic
• Depends on asphalt binder source,
additives, and aggregate properties
Function of warm
weather and traffic
Asphalt Binders
Superpave Binder Tests
11
13. Short Term Aging
• Simulates stiffening of asphalt binder during
storage, mixing, and hauling
• Function of:
– Oxidation hardening
• Asphalt binder reacts with oxygen
• Volatilization of specific components
• Simulated using rolling thin film oven
Asphalt Binders
Superpave Binder Tests
13
14. Short Term Aging
• Rolling Thin Film Oven Test (RTFOT)
– Simulates aging from hot mixing and construction
Asphalt Binders
Superpave Binder Tests
14
15. Mass Loss is Monitored
• Calculate mass loss after RTFO
Original mass - Aged mass
Mass loss, % =
Asphalt Binders
x 100
Original mass
Superpave Binder Tests
15
16. Rutting
Superpave DSR test requirements:
G*/sin δ on unaged (original) asphalt binder
> 1.00 kPa
G*/sin δ on RTFO aged asphalt binder
> 2.20 kPa
For the early part
of the service life
Asphalt Binders
Superpave Binder Tests
16
18. Fatigue Cracking
Function of repeated traffic loads over time
(in wheel paths)
Asphalt Binders
Superpave Binder Tests
18
19. DSR
Fatigue
Cracking
• Aged PG asphalt binder
– Since long term performance
problem, include:
• Short term aging
[DSR]
• Long term aging
• Determine DSR parameters using 8
mm plate and intermediate test
temperature
Asphalt Binders
Superpave Binder Tests
19
20. Long Term Aging
• Simulates aging of an PG asphalt binder for 7
to 10 years
• Starts with RTFO aged PG asphalt binder
– Additional aging with Pressure Aging Vessel
(PAV)
• 50 gram (1.75 oz)
Asphalt Binders
Superpave Binder Tests
20
22. PAV Testing
• After RTFO aging
– 50 gram sample/pan aged for 20 hours in
PAV
• Pressure of 2,070 kPa (300 psi)
• Test temp 90, 100 or 110o C (194, 212,or
230 F)
• The parameter addresses the later part of the
fatigue life
Asphalt Binders
Superpave Binder Tests
22
25. Low Temperature Behavior
• Low Temperature
– Cold climates
– Winter
• Rapid Loads
– Fast moving trucks
Elastic Solid
Hooke’s Law
σ=τE
Asphalt Binders
Superpave Binder Tests
25
26. Low Temperature
• Thermal cracks
– Stress generated by contraction due to
drop in temperature
– Crack forms when thermal stresses exceed
ability of material to relieve stress through
deformation
• Material is brittle
• Depends on source of asphalt and aggregate
properties
Asphalt Binders
Superpave Binder Tests
26
28. Low Temperature
• Two rheological tests
– Bending beam
• Stiffness
– Direct tension
• Strength
Asphalt Binders
Superpave Binder Tests
Low Temp
Cracking
[DTT]
[BBR]
28
29. Superpave Requirements
• BBR Stiffness Properties
– Max stiffness, S, at 60 seconds of 300
MPa
– Min rate of change in stiffness
• Min slope, m, of 0.300 MPa/sec
• Strength
– Currently being finalized
Asphalt Binders
Superpave Binder Tests
29
This block of instruction will cover the tests, concepts and use of the new Superpave asphalt binder specifications. At the end of this block the student will be familiar with the :
* Concepts behind the PG asphalt binder grading system.
* Tests used for determining performance-related asphalt binder properties.
* Selection of an appropriate PG asphalt binder grade.
The asphalt binder designation is based on expected extremes of hot and cold pavement temperatures.
Software programs and national databases of information needed to determine the high and low temperatures for selecting the appropriate PG grade are available from the FHWA website @ www.tfhrc.gov/pavement/ltpp/ltppbind.htm and is public domain.
The PG asphalt binder grading system was developed to address the short comings seen in the traditional asphalt binder specifications.
A number of the rheological tests discussed in the General Rheology module are used for characterizing asphalt binders in the Superpave asphalt binder specification. How these tests are used in the specification will be discussed in the following slides.
A series of four test methods are used to assess key performance-related properties of asphalt binders. The first, the rotational viscometer, evaluates the viscosity of the asphalt binder at temperatures similar to those commonly used during production.
When the DSR is run at warm test temperatures, the results are used to indicate the ability of the asphalt binder to resist rutting. For this testing, a 25 mm diameter parallel plate configuration is used.
The viscous component of the asphalt binder response dominates its warm temperature behavior and is seen as permanent deformation. The magnitude of this deformation is increased with the time that the load is applied.
Permanent deformation or rutting of the HMA pavement is the result of non-recoverable or plastic deformation due to traffic loads. At the warmer temperatures, the aggregate structure carries a major portion of the loads. Stiffer asphalt binders help to keep the aggregate structure intact as well as help resist deformation in the asphalt binder matrix.
Aging also needs to be considered in the specification as oxidation and heat hardening during tank storage, mixing and placement (short term aging) of the HMA change the properties of the original asphalt binder.
Long term aging refers to the changes in asphalt binder property after 7 to 10 years of exposure to environmental factors.
Short term aging is accomplished using the same RTFO oven as has been traditionally used in the AR viscosity graded specification.
This photograph shows a close-up of the inside of the oven. Glass jars (shown in the next photograph) fit snuggly in the circular openings in the rotating carriage. As the opening of each jar passes the air line nozzle, air is blown over the continually moving thin film of asphalt binder inside. A fan in the oven keeps the temperature even throughout the chamber.
Once the jars are loaded into the carriage, the door is shut, the temperature stabilized at 163oC, and the aging process continues for 80 minutes. An example of a clean jar before adding 35 g of asphalt binder and how it looks at the end of the test is also shown.
In addition to preparing simulated short term aging of asphalt binders for further tests, the mass loss due to volatilization of the light fractions can be measured. This is done by determining the mass of two jars with asphalt binder at the beginning of the test, cooling these jars at the end of the aging, then determining the mass once again.
The first DSR parameter used in the PG asphalt binder grading system is G*/sin , based on testing the original asphalt binder at the average 7 day high pavement temperature. At high temperatures, the potential for permanent deformation (rutting) is the major pavement distress being evaluated.
G* in Pascals at 10 rad/sec is numerically equal to viscosity in Poise:
G* (Pascal)/in s-1)] * (10 Poise/1 Pascal.s)
Since increasing the viscosity of asphalt binder has been historically used as one means of helping to reduce rutting, using G* in this specification parameter makes sense. Including the sin parameter allows a softer but more elastic (less permanent deformation per load cycle) to be used rather than simply increasing the viscosity.
Fatigue is addressed by assessing G* sin after RTFO aging (simulating aging during mixing and construction) and PAV aging (simulating aging after 7 to 10 years of service). This is because fatigue cracking takes time, exposure to environmental factors, and traffic before it occurs. An intermediate test temperature is used to simulate the appropriate average field conditions.
The configuration is changed from a 25 mm to a 8 mm diameter plate. This is necessary to keep within the torque limits of the DSR equipment.
Fatigue cracking shows up in the wheel paths and is the result of the tensile strength at the bottom of the HMA layer being exceeded by the flexing of the HMA pavement due to traffic loads. Since the crack starts at the bottom of the layer and works its way up, the pavement is thoroughly cracked once the they are visible.
Some limited examples of fatigue cracks starting at the pavement surface have been noticed lately. This type of fatigue cracking has been linked to an increase in tire pressures in the newer truck tires.
This summarizes the testing required for this specification requirement.
A pressure aging vessel (PAV) treatment of the RTFO binder is used to further age the asphalt binder. This simulates long term aging changes.
This photograph provides an example of an older type of pressure aging vessel equipment. This old version is shown because it clearly shows all of the key elements in all PAV units (old or new). There are currently several makes and models of PAV ovens available.
A pressure aging vessel (PAV) treatment of the RTFO asphalt binder is used to further age the asphalt binder. This simulates long term aging changes.
Low temperature asphalt binder properties are determined using the bending beam rheometer (BBR).
At cold temperatures, or under very quick loads, the asphalt binder response is predominately elastic.
A length of HMA pavement can be considered to be a semi-infinite constrained beam. As the temperature drops the HMA wants to contract but is restrained. This results in internal stresses building up as the temperature drops. Thermal cracks occur when the contraction-induced stresses exceed the tensile strength of the mixture.
A number of researchers have shown that the low temperature behavior of the HMA pavement is highly dependent upon the properties of the asphalt binder.
Thermal cracks are transverse cracks, usually at relatively evenly spaced intervals. The spacing gets closer together with increasing asphalt binder stiffness the colder the temperatures.
At the current time, there are requirements for both a maximum BBR stiffness at 60 seconds into the testing time and a minimum on the slope of the stiffness-time relationship of 0.300. Work is currently being completed that will use a combination of the tensile strength and the bending beam stiffness values to estimate a critical low temperature value for cracking. This concept will be similar to the one used for evaluating the low temperature cracking potential of the mix (see the Thermal Cracking module).
This figure summarizes the testing required for the PG asphalt binder specification.