This document discusses quality control and quality assurance sampling procedures for construction projects. It addresses requirements for a sampling program, including frequency, location, and size of samples. Different types of sampling are described, such as judgment, quota, systematic, stratified, and random sampling. Random sampling is preferable to avoid bias, and it is best to use random number tables to select sample locations. Stratified random sampling involves dividing a construction site into sublots for sampling. The document provides an example of how to use random numbers to select sample locations within sublots for both roadway and hot mix asphalt plant sampling.
This document discusses basic concepts of statistics as they relate to quality control and quality assurance in construction. It explains that variability is inherent in all materials and processes, but can be controlled. Sources of variability include sampling, testing, materials, and construction methods. The goal of quality control/quality assurance is to reduce variability as much as possible by addressing these sources. Key statistical terms discussed include mean, median, range, variance, precision, accuracy, and bias. Frequency histograms are presented as a tool to visualize variability in data.
This document discusses quality control and quality assurance procedures for obtaining representative samples of asphalt mixtures and their components. It describes how to properly sample materials at different stages, including at plants, trucks, and roadways. The key aspects covered are sampling locations and techniques, sample size requirements, handling and storage of samples, and potential issues that can arise from improper sampling procedures like segregation. Maintaining representative samples is important for ensuring accurate test results and mixture quality.
This document provides an overview of quality control and quality assurance procedures for construction projects. It discusses different types of specifications like proprietary, method, and end result specifications. It also covers topics like process control, acceptance testing, sampling procedures, warranties, and reasons for sampling materials. The overall purpose is to introduce fundamental concepts regarding specifications, testing, and quality assurance/quality control as they relate to construction quality management.
This document describes a standard test method for measuring the flow of grout used in preplaced-aggregate concrete construction. The test method involves measuring the time it takes for a specific volume of grout to flow through a standardized flow cone. A properly calibrated flow cone is filled with grout and the time for the grout to continuously drain from the cone through a discharge tube is measured with a stopwatch. Grout mixtures with an efflux time of 35 seconds or less are considered suitable for this test method. The average efflux time and other testing details are reported.
The test report summarizes testing of two flush valve samples submitted by Xiamen Vib Industry & Trade Co., Ltd. against the ASME A112.19.5-2011 standard. Both samples met all test requirements, including design specifications, 150,000 cycle life test, thread torque test, leak tests, and chemical resistance testing. Sample 2 had a non-standard thread design as noted by the client. Markings on the products also met standard requirements. In conclusion, the submitted samples complied with the test standard.
IP-X8 SGS test report for YG water-proof iPhone 6 case.PDFAlan She
This 7-page test report summarizes waterproof and drop tests performed on a waterproof iPhone 6 case submitted by Dongguan Yuanguan Plastic & Mold Co., Ltd. Two tests were conducted: an IPX8 waterproof test that immersed the case 3 meters deep for 3 hours with no water ingress, and a drop test from 3 meters onto concrete that subjected the case to 10 drops with no visible damage. Both tests met the client's requirements and the case passed. The report provides detailed test methods, conditions, results and photos documenting the testing process and outcomes.
This document provides guidance on quality control for the construction of flexible pavements. It describes the basic stages of the construction process, including site preparation, pavement construction, and quality control testing. The key stages outlined are tracing, leveling and layout; clearing and cleaning of the site; construction of the subbase and base layers; and final paving and compaction of the asphalt surface layer. Quality control is emphasized as an important aspect of ensuring the pavement meets specifications. Various testing methods are recommended to evaluate the quality of materials and completed work at each stage of construction. The goal is to provide instructions to help ensure a good quality, durable flexible pavement is built.
This document discusses basic concepts of statistics as they relate to quality control and quality assurance in construction. It explains that variability is inherent in all materials and processes, but can be controlled. Sources of variability include sampling, testing, materials, and construction methods. The goal of quality control/quality assurance is to reduce variability as much as possible by addressing these sources. Key statistical terms discussed include mean, median, range, variance, precision, accuracy, and bias. Frequency histograms are presented as a tool to visualize variability in data.
This document discusses quality control and quality assurance procedures for obtaining representative samples of asphalt mixtures and their components. It describes how to properly sample materials at different stages, including at plants, trucks, and roadways. The key aspects covered are sampling locations and techniques, sample size requirements, handling and storage of samples, and potential issues that can arise from improper sampling procedures like segregation. Maintaining representative samples is important for ensuring accurate test results and mixture quality.
This document provides an overview of quality control and quality assurance procedures for construction projects. It discusses different types of specifications like proprietary, method, and end result specifications. It also covers topics like process control, acceptance testing, sampling procedures, warranties, and reasons for sampling materials. The overall purpose is to introduce fundamental concepts regarding specifications, testing, and quality assurance/quality control as they relate to construction quality management.
This document describes a standard test method for measuring the flow of grout used in preplaced-aggregate concrete construction. The test method involves measuring the time it takes for a specific volume of grout to flow through a standardized flow cone. A properly calibrated flow cone is filled with grout and the time for the grout to continuously drain from the cone through a discharge tube is measured with a stopwatch. Grout mixtures with an efflux time of 35 seconds or less are considered suitable for this test method. The average efflux time and other testing details are reported.
The test report summarizes testing of two flush valve samples submitted by Xiamen Vib Industry & Trade Co., Ltd. against the ASME A112.19.5-2011 standard. Both samples met all test requirements, including design specifications, 150,000 cycle life test, thread torque test, leak tests, and chemical resistance testing. Sample 2 had a non-standard thread design as noted by the client. Markings on the products also met standard requirements. In conclusion, the submitted samples complied with the test standard.
IP-X8 SGS test report for YG water-proof iPhone 6 case.PDFAlan She
This 7-page test report summarizes waterproof and drop tests performed on a waterproof iPhone 6 case submitted by Dongguan Yuanguan Plastic & Mold Co., Ltd. Two tests were conducted: an IPX8 waterproof test that immersed the case 3 meters deep for 3 hours with no water ingress, and a drop test from 3 meters onto concrete that subjected the case to 10 drops with no visible damage. Both tests met the client's requirements and the case passed. The report provides detailed test methods, conditions, results and photos documenting the testing process and outcomes.
This document provides guidance on quality control for the construction of flexible pavements. It describes the basic stages of the construction process, including site preparation, pavement construction, and quality control testing. The key stages outlined are tracing, leveling and layout; clearing and cleaning of the site; construction of the subbase and base layers; and final paving and compaction of the asphalt surface layer. Quality control is emphasized as an important aspect of ensuring the pavement meets specifications. Various testing methods are recommended to evaluate the quality of materials and completed work at each stage of construction. The goal is to provide instructions to help ensure a good quality, durable flexible pavement is built.
Field and laboratory tests were conducted on bricks to determine their strength and durability. Tests included measuring water absorption, compressive strength when dry and soaked, efflorescence, and resistance to freezing and thawing. The results of the tests were used to evaluate the performance of the bricks and their suitability for different applications.
A testing program for stone adds value at all stages by ensuring a quality product fit for purpose. Testing determines inherent properties, design suitability, and qualitative analysis. Exploration testing quantifies the resource and potential products. Processing testing maximizes quality and recovery. Design testing validates engineering. Quarry development uses historical data to plan sustainably. Project testing specifies requirements through acceptance, production, and quality control testing to confirm properties and uniformity. A systematic specification protects suppliers and monitors quality.
Dimension stone is unique - no other material can be supplied in such a wide range of colours, textures and finishes. Stone owes its characteristics and appearance to the forces of nature and this age-old material can now be produced as wafer thin sheets or sculpted into a myriad of abstract shapes. The modern use of dimension stone has tested its tolerance – sometimes regrettably, to the point of failure. To keep its rightful place in our modern built environment, stone needs to be subjected to the same stringent quality control practices as man-made products such as steel girders or glass panels.
Fitness for Purpose is fundamental to the successful use of stone, but how do we evaluate a stone to ensure its suitability for a particular use or location? In this article we will discuss four basic keys to assist in the selection and specification of the right stone for the job. The keys are relevant to all stone users and specifiers, and they provide a useful starting point for choosing the right stone.
The four keys are:
Stain Resistance
Strength
Resistance to Abrasion
Durability
Pb-Free Reflow, PCB Degradation, and the Influence of Moisture AbsorptionCheryl Tulkoff
Increasing number of companies reporting cracking and delamination of printed circuit boards
–Predominantly under Pb-free reflow but some under SnPb reflow conditions
Several telecom and enterprise OEMs are reporting PCB robustness is their primary concern regarding Pb-free reliability
Cracking or delamination during reflow is a stress vs. strength phenomenon
–Either the environmental stress was higher than expected or the material strength was lower than expected
Item 7. Instalación de equipos, uso y mantenimiento – buenas prácticasSoils FAO-GSP
3rd meeting of the Latin American Soil Laboratory Network (LATSOLAN)
Online 14 - 16 October 2020
Sra. Estefania Pérez-Fernadez, Sra. Jessical Oliver y Sr. Leonardo Ramírez-López, BUCHI Labortechnik AG, Suiza
Brinyte’s diving flashlight CASS test reportBrinyte
This document is a test report summarizing corrosion resistance testing of diving lights from Shenzhen Yeguang Technology Co., Ltd. It includes:
- Details of the sample, applicant, manufacturer, test items, and test dates
- Results showing the samples passed a CASS (Corrosion Accelerated Salt Spray) test without any visual damage after 48 hours in a salt spray chamber at 50°C with NaCl and CuCl2 fog
- Descriptions of the CASS test method and pass/fail criteria used to evaluate the samples
This document discusses the fundamentals of rheology and describes various types of rheometers used to measure the rheological properties of asphalt binders. It explains that rheology is the study of flow and deformation and introduces constitutive relationships between force and deformation. It then describes different types of rheometers, including shear rheometers that apply drag or pressure-driven flows, and other rheometers that measure stiffness and strength through bending beam or direct tension tests. Specific examples of equipment are also shown, such as concentric cylinder and parallel plate shear rheometers, a bending beam rheometer, and a direct tension testing device.
The document discusses Superpave asphalt binder specifications. It provides sources of information on Superpave specifications and describes how the performance grade specification system works based on climate. The performance grade takes into account the average 7-day maximum pavement temperature and the 1-day minimum pavement temperature. It then outlines how the Superpave specification addresses key distresses like permanent deformation, fatigue cracking, and low temperature cracking through test requirements on properties like stiffness and viscosity.
The document discusses the Superpave performance graded specification for asphalt binders. The specification grades asphalt binders based on the climate and expected pavement temperatures. A variety of tests are used to evaluate the binder properties related to different distresses at different temperatures. The rotational viscosity test evaluates workability at construction temperatures. The dynamic shear rheometer test evaluates rutting resistance at high in-service temperatures after both short-term aging from mixing and long-term aging. The bending beam rheometer and direct tension tests evaluate stiffness and strength respectively at low in-service temperatures. Conditioning such as short-term aging with the rolling thin film oven test and long-term aging with the pressure aging vessel better simulate
The document discusses the history and evolution of asphalt binder specifications. Early specifications focused on consistency and graded binders based on penetration testing. Later, specifications incorporated viscosity grading which characterizes binders across a range of temperatures relevant to mixing and compaction. Current performance-based specifications further consider aging characteristics by testing rolled thin film oven aged residues. Viscosity grading provides more information on asphalt properties and performance compared to penetration grading. Specifications have evolved with technological advances to better ensure desirable asphalt characteristics for pavement performance.
The document discusses different types and uses of asphalt binders. It describes how asphalt binder is produced from petroleum crude oil through refining processes like solvent deasphalting and residuum oil supercritical extraction. These processes break down the crude oil into components that are blended to produce asphalt binders of desired properties. The asphalt binders are then used to manufacture hot mix asphalt for paving roads through batch and continuous mix drum plants. Other asphalt products discussed include cutback asphalts and emulsions, along with their compositions and uses.
This document discusses modified asphalt binders, which are used to improve the performance of asphalt pavements. Modifiers such as polymers and fillers are added to asphalt binders to increase rutting resistance at warm temperatures and inhibit cracking from traffic and environmental stresses. The document describes different types of modifiers and provides examples of polymeric modifiers. It also discusses traditional testing methods for modified binders and uses microscopy images to illustrate how polymers interact within asphalt binders.
This document discusses techniques for rehabilitating and maintaining asphalt overlays on concrete pavements, including crack and seat, break and seat, rubblization, and saw and seal. Crack and seat and break and seat involve fracturing concrete slabs to shorten their length and allow for interlocking of pieces. Rubblization involves fracturing concrete into pieces smaller than 9 inches to prevent reflection cracking in overlays. Saw and sealing joints is used to control the rate of deterioration of reflection cracks.
The document discusses various aspects of asphalt pavement rehabilitation and maintenance using hot mix asphalt overlays. It covers topics such as bituminous patching, surface leveling, cold milling, crack sealing, subsurface drainage, reflection cracking control methods, recycling existing pavement, pavement widening, shoulder rehabilitation, and design of overlays along projects. The key steps for an effective overlay project involve examining preoverlay repairs, subsurface drainage improvements, and methods for controlling reflection cracking from the existing pavement.
This document discusses hot mix asphalt (HMA) overlays for rehabilitating flexible and rigid pavements. It defines functional and structural overlays, and describes how they are used to address surface defects versus structural defects. The rehabilitation process and factors considered for overlay design like pre-overlay repair, materials selection, and traffic loads are also summarized. Thick and thin overlays as well as reconstruction are presented as options to correct deficiencies.
This document discusses moisture sensitivity in HMA (hot mix asphalt). It describes several reasons for moisture damage including loss of cohesion in the asphalt binder, loss of adhesion between the binder and aggregate, and degradation of the aggregate. It also discusses factors that influence moisture sensitivity related to the aggregate properties, asphalt binder properties, HMA mix properties, and weather conditions during construction. Methods for adding antistripping additives like liquid antistrips or lime are presented, as well as several tests for evaluating moisture sensitivity like the boiling water test or freeze-thaw pedestal test.
This document discusses thermal cracking in asphalt pavements. Thermal cracking occurs when temperature decreases cause the pavement to contract and develop tensile stresses that can exceed the material strength. Three factors influence thermal cracking: low pavement surface temperature, cooling rate, and pavement age. The Thermal Stress Restrained Specimen Test (TSRST) directly measures the development of thermal stresses during cooling and identifies the fracture temperature and strength. Test results show lower air voids and some aggregate types can increase fracture temperature and strength. Desirable material properties to resist thermal cracking include low-temperature asphalt binder viscosity and aggregate with high abrasion resistance and low freeze-thaw loss. Pavement structure characteristics like thickness, base
This document discusses test methods for characterizing permanent deformation in hot mix asphalt (HMA). It describes loaded wheel testers like the Asphalt Pavement Analyzer (APA), Hamburg Wheel Tracker, and Purdue Wheel Tracker that apply cyclic wheel loads to HMA samples. Terms related to permanent deformation testing like creep, repeated loading, and dynamic loading are defined. Parameters for different loaded wheel testers and typical APA test results are shown. The document also briefly mentions the gyratory shear compactor, simple shear tester, and uniaxial and triaxial testing for HMA characterization.
This document discusses fatigue cracking in asphalt pavements. It describes how fatigue cracking can start from the bottom of the pavement layer and work its way up, or can start at the top edges due to tire-pavement interactions. Common fatigue testing methods are described, including flexural beam testing where failure is defined as 50% loss of stiffness. Test results depend on whether constant stress or constant strain is used. Other testing methods like cantilevered beam and diametral are also mentioned. Advanced topics covered include notched beam testing, dissipated energy calculations, and models for predicting fatigue life from binder and mix properties.
Stiffness measurements of hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures are important for predicting pavement performance and stresses/strains. Various methods exist to measure stiffness through axial, diametral, flexural, or shear testing under repeated or dynamic loading. Stiffness decreases with increasing temperature and air voids, and decreasing asphalt content. Proper characterization of HMA stiffness at different conditions is essential for evaluating fatigue cracking and permanent deformation.
This document discusses typical distresses that can occur in flexible asphalt pavements and their causes. It describes various types of cracking like fatigue cracking, thermal cracking, block cracking, longitudinal cracking, reflection cracking, as well as other distresses such as rutting, corrugations, slippage, stripping, raveling, reduced skid resistance, roughness, and swelling from frost. Each distress is explained in terms of how it manifests visually and what factors can contribute to its development, such as heavy traffic loads, inadequate drainage, mix design issues, or temperature susceptibility of the asphalt binder. The document provides an overview of the main distresses that can affect flexible pavements and their underlying mechanisms.
Field and laboratory tests were conducted on bricks to determine their strength and durability. Tests included measuring water absorption, compressive strength when dry and soaked, efflorescence, and resistance to freezing and thawing. The results of the tests were used to evaluate the performance of the bricks and their suitability for different applications.
A testing program for stone adds value at all stages by ensuring a quality product fit for purpose. Testing determines inherent properties, design suitability, and qualitative analysis. Exploration testing quantifies the resource and potential products. Processing testing maximizes quality and recovery. Design testing validates engineering. Quarry development uses historical data to plan sustainably. Project testing specifies requirements through acceptance, production, and quality control testing to confirm properties and uniformity. A systematic specification protects suppliers and monitors quality.
Dimension stone is unique - no other material can be supplied in such a wide range of colours, textures and finishes. Stone owes its characteristics and appearance to the forces of nature and this age-old material can now be produced as wafer thin sheets or sculpted into a myriad of abstract shapes. The modern use of dimension stone has tested its tolerance – sometimes regrettably, to the point of failure. To keep its rightful place in our modern built environment, stone needs to be subjected to the same stringent quality control practices as man-made products such as steel girders or glass panels.
Fitness for Purpose is fundamental to the successful use of stone, but how do we evaluate a stone to ensure its suitability for a particular use or location? In this article we will discuss four basic keys to assist in the selection and specification of the right stone for the job. The keys are relevant to all stone users and specifiers, and they provide a useful starting point for choosing the right stone.
The four keys are:
Stain Resistance
Strength
Resistance to Abrasion
Durability
Pb-Free Reflow, PCB Degradation, and the Influence of Moisture AbsorptionCheryl Tulkoff
Increasing number of companies reporting cracking and delamination of printed circuit boards
–Predominantly under Pb-free reflow but some under SnPb reflow conditions
Several telecom and enterprise OEMs are reporting PCB robustness is their primary concern regarding Pb-free reliability
Cracking or delamination during reflow is a stress vs. strength phenomenon
–Either the environmental stress was higher than expected or the material strength was lower than expected
Item 7. Instalación de equipos, uso y mantenimiento – buenas prácticasSoils FAO-GSP
3rd meeting of the Latin American Soil Laboratory Network (LATSOLAN)
Online 14 - 16 October 2020
Sra. Estefania Pérez-Fernadez, Sra. Jessical Oliver y Sr. Leonardo Ramírez-López, BUCHI Labortechnik AG, Suiza
Brinyte’s diving flashlight CASS test reportBrinyte
This document is a test report summarizing corrosion resistance testing of diving lights from Shenzhen Yeguang Technology Co., Ltd. It includes:
- Details of the sample, applicant, manufacturer, test items, and test dates
- Results showing the samples passed a CASS (Corrosion Accelerated Salt Spray) test without any visual damage after 48 hours in a salt spray chamber at 50°C with NaCl and CuCl2 fog
- Descriptions of the CASS test method and pass/fail criteria used to evaluate the samples
This document discusses the fundamentals of rheology and describes various types of rheometers used to measure the rheological properties of asphalt binders. It explains that rheology is the study of flow and deformation and introduces constitutive relationships between force and deformation. It then describes different types of rheometers, including shear rheometers that apply drag or pressure-driven flows, and other rheometers that measure stiffness and strength through bending beam or direct tension tests. Specific examples of equipment are also shown, such as concentric cylinder and parallel plate shear rheometers, a bending beam rheometer, and a direct tension testing device.
The document discusses Superpave asphalt binder specifications. It provides sources of information on Superpave specifications and describes how the performance grade specification system works based on climate. The performance grade takes into account the average 7-day maximum pavement temperature and the 1-day minimum pavement temperature. It then outlines how the Superpave specification addresses key distresses like permanent deformation, fatigue cracking, and low temperature cracking through test requirements on properties like stiffness and viscosity.
The document discusses the Superpave performance graded specification for asphalt binders. The specification grades asphalt binders based on the climate and expected pavement temperatures. A variety of tests are used to evaluate the binder properties related to different distresses at different temperatures. The rotational viscosity test evaluates workability at construction temperatures. The dynamic shear rheometer test evaluates rutting resistance at high in-service temperatures after both short-term aging from mixing and long-term aging. The bending beam rheometer and direct tension tests evaluate stiffness and strength respectively at low in-service temperatures. Conditioning such as short-term aging with the rolling thin film oven test and long-term aging with the pressure aging vessel better simulate
The document discusses the history and evolution of asphalt binder specifications. Early specifications focused on consistency and graded binders based on penetration testing. Later, specifications incorporated viscosity grading which characterizes binders across a range of temperatures relevant to mixing and compaction. Current performance-based specifications further consider aging characteristics by testing rolled thin film oven aged residues. Viscosity grading provides more information on asphalt properties and performance compared to penetration grading. Specifications have evolved with technological advances to better ensure desirable asphalt characteristics for pavement performance.
The document discusses different types and uses of asphalt binders. It describes how asphalt binder is produced from petroleum crude oil through refining processes like solvent deasphalting and residuum oil supercritical extraction. These processes break down the crude oil into components that are blended to produce asphalt binders of desired properties. The asphalt binders are then used to manufacture hot mix asphalt for paving roads through batch and continuous mix drum plants. Other asphalt products discussed include cutback asphalts and emulsions, along with their compositions and uses.
This document discusses modified asphalt binders, which are used to improve the performance of asphalt pavements. Modifiers such as polymers and fillers are added to asphalt binders to increase rutting resistance at warm temperatures and inhibit cracking from traffic and environmental stresses. The document describes different types of modifiers and provides examples of polymeric modifiers. It also discusses traditional testing methods for modified binders and uses microscopy images to illustrate how polymers interact within asphalt binders.
This document discusses techniques for rehabilitating and maintaining asphalt overlays on concrete pavements, including crack and seat, break and seat, rubblization, and saw and seal. Crack and seat and break and seat involve fracturing concrete slabs to shorten their length and allow for interlocking of pieces. Rubblization involves fracturing concrete into pieces smaller than 9 inches to prevent reflection cracking in overlays. Saw and sealing joints is used to control the rate of deterioration of reflection cracks.
The document discusses various aspects of asphalt pavement rehabilitation and maintenance using hot mix asphalt overlays. It covers topics such as bituminous patching, surface leveling, cold milling, crack sealing, subsurface drainage, reflection cracking control methods, recycling existing pavement, pavement widening, shoulder rehabilitation, and design of overlays along projects. The key steps for an effective overlay project involve examining preoverlay repairs, subsurface drainage improvements, and methods for controlling reflection cracking from the existing pavement.
This document discusses hot mix asphalt (HMA) overlays for rehabilitating flexible and rigid pavements. It defines functional and structural overlays, and describes how they are used to address surface defects versus structural defects. The rehabilitation process and factors considered for overlay design like pre-overlay repair, materials selection, and traffic loads are also summarized. Thick and thin overlays as well as reconstruction are presented as options to correct deficiencies.
This document discusses moisture sensitivity in HMA (hot mix asphalt). It describes several reasons for moisture damage including loss of cohesion in the asphalt binder, loss of adhesion between the binder and aggregate, and degradation of the aggregate. It also discusses factors that influence moisture sensitivity related to the aggregate properties, asphalt binder properties, HMA mix properties, and weather conditions during construction. Methods for adding antistripping additives like liquid antistrips or lime are presented, as well as several tests for evaluating moisture sensitivity like the boiling water test or freeze-thaw pedestal test.
This document discusses thermal cracking in asphalt pavements. Thermal cracking occurs when temperature decreases cause the pavement to contract and develop tensile stresses that can exceed the material strength. Three factors influence thermal cracking: low pavement surface temperature, cooling rate, and pavement age. The Thermal Stress Restrained Specimen Test (TSRST) directly measures the development of thermal stresses during cooling and identifies the fracture temperature and strength. Test results show lower air voids and some aggregate types can increase fracture temperature and strength. Desirable material properties to resist thermal cracking include low-temperature asphalt binder viscosity and aggregate with high abrasion resistance and low freeze-thaw loss. Pavement structure characteristics like thickness, base
This document discusses test methods for characterizing permanent deformation in hot mix asphalt (HMA). It describes loaded wheel testers like the Asphalt Pavement Analyzer (APA), Hamburg Wheel Tracker, and Purdue Wheel Tracker that apply cyclic wheel loads to HMA samples. Terms related to permanent deformation testing like creep, repeated loading, and dynamic loading are defined. Parameters for different loaded wheel testers and typical APA test results are shown. The document also briefly mentions the gyratory shear compactor, simple shear tester, and uniaxial and triaxial testing for HMA characterization.
This document discusses fatigue cracking in asphalt pavements. It describes how fatigue cracking can start from the bottom of the pavement layer and work its way up, or can start at the top edges due to tire-pavement interactions. Common fatigue testing methods are described, including flexural beam testing where failure is defined as 50% loss of stiffness. Test results depend on whether constant stress or constant strain is used. Other testing methods like cantilevered beam and diametral are also mentioned. Advanced topics covered include notched beam testing, dissipated energy calculations, and models for predicting fatigue life from binder and mix properties.
Stiffness measurements of hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures are important for predicting pavement performance and stresses/strains. Various methods exist to measure stiffness through axial, diametral, flexural, or shear testing under repeated or dynamic loading. Stiffness decreases with increasing temperature and air voids, and decreasing asphalt content. Proper characterization of HMA stiffness at different conditions is essential for evaluating fatigue cracking and permanent deformation.
This document discusses typical distresses that can occur in flexible asphalt pavements and their causes. It describes various types of cracking like fatigue cracking, thermal cracking, block cracking, longitudinal cracking, reflection cracking, as well as other distresses such as rutting, corrugations, slippage, stripping, raveling, reduced skid resistance, roughness, and swelling from frost. Each distress is explained in terms of how it manifests visually and what factors can contribute to its development, such as heavy traffic loads, inadequate drainage, mix design issues, or temperature susceptibility of the asphalt binder. The document provides an overview of the main distresses that can affect flexible pavements and their underlying mechanisms.
This document discusses quality control and quality assurance control charts. It explains that control charts can be used to monitor processes and detect variation, including chance causes and assignable causes. Control charts have benefits like early detection of issues, establishing process capability, and providing a permanent record of quality. Examples are provided of how to construct X-bar and R control charts and interpret the results to determine whether a process is in statistical control.
The document discusses acceptance and compliance procedures for hot mix asphalt. It explains how specification limits are set using typical industry standard deviations and allowing three standard deviations from the target value. It also introduces the concept of percent within limits (PWL) which is used to determine payment based on both the accuracy and precision of the test results. The PWL is calculated using quality indices determined from the test average, standard deviation, and specification limits. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating quality indices and determining the PWL.
The document provides an overview of asphalt plants, outlining their history from the original 1900 patent for bitulithic pavement to modern high production plants. It discusses the acquisition of APAC by Oldcastle Materials Group in 2006, making it a subsidiary of CRH and part of Oldcastle Materials Group which supplies aggregates, asphalt, and ready-mix concrete. The overview also describes the typical components and processes involved in modern asphalt plants, including material blending, drum drying and mixing, burners, environmental controls, and computerized control systems.
This document discusses types of compaction equipment used in construction projects, including static steel wheel rollers, pneumatic rubber-tired rollers, and vibratory rollers. It describes how each type of roller compacts materials through applied contact pressure and identifies key variables that impact compaction, such as roller speed, number of coverage passes, and compaction pattern. The document also explains how construction crews use test strips to establish effective rolling patterns and determine the number of coverages needed to ensure required material density is achieved.
This document discusses compaction of hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixes. It describes the objective of compaction as improving the mechanical stability, resistance to deformation, and fatigue resistance of HMA mats while reducing moisture penetration and cracking. Factors that affect compaction include the properties of materials used, environmental variables like temperature and wind, and laydown site conditions. The document outlines safety considerations, the typical compaction process using different types of rollers, and definitions of key terms. It explains how factors like layer thickness, mix temperature, and base conditions impact compaction efforts.
Your One-Stop Shop for Python Success: Top 10 US Python Development Providersakankshawande
Simplify your search for a reliable Python development partner! This list presents the top 10 trusted US providers offering comprehensive Python development services, ensuring your project's success from conception to completion.
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
How to Interpret Trends in the Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart.pdfChart Kalyan
A Mix Chart displays historical data of numbers in a graphical or tabular form. The Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart specifically shows the results of a sequence of numbers over different periods.
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup SlidesZilliz
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024Hiroshi SHIBATA
I develop the Ruby programming language, RubyGems, and Bundler, which are package managers for Ruby. Today, I will introduce how to enhance the security of your application using open-source software (OSS) examples from Ruby and RubyGems.
The first topic is CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures). I have published CVEs many times. But what exactly is a CVE? I'll provide a basic understanding of CVEs and explain how to detect and handle vulnerabilities in OSS.
Next, let's discuss package managers. Package managers play a critical role in the OSS ecosystem. I'll explain how to manage library dependencies in your application.
I'll share insights into how the Ruby and RubyGems core team works to keep our ecosystem safe. By the end of this talk, you'll have a better understanding of how to safeguard your code.
zkStudyClub - LatticeFold: A Lattice-based Folding Scheme and its Application...Alex Pruden
Folding is a recent technique for building efficient recursive SNARKs. Several elegant folding protocols have been proposed, such as Nova, Supernova, Hypernova, Protostar, and others. However, all of them rely on an additively homomorphic commitment scheme based on discrete log, and are therefore not post-quantum secure. In this work we present LatticeFold, the first lattice-based folding protocol based on the Module SIS problem. This folding protocol naturally leads to an efficient recursive lattice-based SNARK and an efficient PCD scheme. LatticeFold supports folding low-degree relations, such as R1CS, as well as high-degree relations, such as CCS. The key challenge is to construct a secure folding protocol that works with the Ajtai commitment scheme. The difficulty, is ensuring that extracted witnesses are low norm through many rounds of folding. We present a novel technique using the sumcheck protocol to ensure that extracted witnesses are always low norm no matter how many rounds of folding are used. Our evaluation of the final proof system suggests that it is as performant as Hypernova, while providing post-quantum security.
Paper Link: https://eprint.iacr.org/2024/257
Fueling AI with Great Data with Airbyte WebinarZilliz
This talk will focus on how to collect data from a variety of sources, leveraging this data for RAG and other GenAI use cases, and finally charting your course to productionalization.
The Microsoft 365 Migration Tutorial For Beginner.pptxoperationspcvita
This presentation will help you understand the power of Microsoft 365. However, we have mentioned every productivity app included in Office 365. Additionally, we have suggested the migration situation related to Office 365 and how we can help you.
You can also read: https://www.systoolsgroup.com/updates/office-365-tenant-to-tenant-migration-step-by-step-complete-guide/
"Choosing proper type of scaling", Olena SyrotaFwdays
Imagine an IoT processing system that is already quite mature and production-ready and for which client coverage is growing and scaling and performance aspects are life and death questions. The system has Redis, MongoDB, and stream processing based on ksqldb. In this talk, firstly, we will analyze scaling approaches and then select the proper ones for our system.
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift.pdfTosin Akinosho
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift
Overview
Dive into the world of anomaly detection on edge devices with our comprehensive hands-on tutorial. This SlideShare presentation will guide you through the entire process, from data collection and model training to edge deployment and real-time monitoring. Perfect for those looking to implement robust anomaly detection systems on resource-constrained IoT/edge devices.
Key Topics Covered
1. Introduction to Anomaly Detection
- Understand the fundamentals of anomaly detection and its importance in identifying unusual behavior or failures in systems.
2. Understanding Edge (IoT)
- Learn about edge computing and IoT, and how they enable real-time data processing and decision-making at the source.
3. What is ArgoCD?
- Discover ArgoCD, a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes, and its role in deploying applications on edge devices.
4. Deployment Using ArgoCD for Edge Devices
- Step-by-step guide on deploying anomaly detection models on edge devices using ArgoCD.
5. Introduction to Apache Kafka and S3
- Explore Apache Kafka for real-time data streaming and Amazon S3 for scalable storage solutions.
6. Viewing Kafka Messages in the Data Lake
- Learn how to view and analyze Kafka messages stored in a data lake for better insights.
7. What is Prometheus?
- Get to know Prometheus, an open-source monitoring and alerting toolkit, and its application in monitoring edge devices.
8. Monitoring Application Metrics with Prometheus
- Detailed instructions on setting up Prometheus to monitor the performance and health of your anomaly detection system.
9. What is Camel K?
- Introduction to Camel K, a lightweight integration framework built on Apache Camel, designed for Kubernetes.
10. Configuring Camel K Integrations for Data Pipelines
- Learn how to configure Camel K for seamless data pipeline integrations in your anomaly detection workflow.
11. What is a Jupyter Notebook?
- Overview of Jupyter Notebooks, an open-source web application for creating and sharing documents with live code, equations, visualizations, and narrative text.
12. Jupyter Notebooks with Code Examples
- Hands-on examples and code snippets in Jupyter Notebooks to help you implement and test anomaly detection models.
Digital Banking in the Cloud: How Citizens Bank Unlocked Their MainframePrecisely
Inconsistent user experience and siloed data, high costs, and changing customer expectations – Citizens Bank was experiencing these challenges while it was attempting to deliver a superior digital banking experience for its clients. Its core banking applications run on the mainframe and Citizens was using legacy utilities to get the critical mainframe data to feed customer-facing channels, like call centers, web, and mobile. Ultimately, this led to higher operating costs (MIPS), delayed response times, and longer time to market.
Ever-changing customer expectations demand more modern digital experiences, and the bank needed to find a solution that could provide real-time data to its customer channels with low latency and operating costs. Join this session to learn how Citizens is leveraging Precisely to replicate mainframe data to its customer channels and deliver on their “modern digital bank” experiences.
Connector Corner: Seamlessly power UiPath Apps, GenAI with prebuilt connectorsDianaGray10
Join us to learn how UiPath Apps can directly and easily interact with prebuilt connectors via Integration Service--including Salesforce, ServiceNow, Open GenAI, and more.
The best part is you can achieve this without building a custom workflow! Say goodbye to the hassle of using separate automations to call APIs. By seamlessly integrating within App Studio, you can now easily streamline your workflow, while gaining direct access to our Connector Catalog of popular applications.
We’ll discuss and demo the benefits of UiPath Apps and connectors including:
Creating a compelling user experience for any software, without the limitations of APIs.
Accelerating the app creation process, saving time and effort
Enjoying high-performance CRUD (create, read, update, delete) operations, for
seamless data management.
Speakers:
Russell Alfeche, Technology Leader, RPA at qBotic and UiPath MVP
Charlie Greenberg, host
How information systems are built or acquired puts information, which is what they should be about, in a secondary place. Our language adapted accordingly, and we no longer talk about information systems but applications. Applications evolved in a way to break data into diverse fragments, tightly coupled with applications and expensive to integrate. The result is technical debt, which is re-paid by taking even bigger "loans", resulting in an ever-increasing technical debt. Software engineering and procurement practices work in sync with market forces to maintain this trend. This talk demonstrates how natural this situation is. The question is: can something be done to reverse the trend?
Ivanti’s Patch Tuesday breakdown goes beyond patching your applications and brings you the intelligence and guidance needed to prioritize where to focus your attention first. Catch early analysis on our Ivanti blog, then join industry expert Chris Goettl for the Patch Tuesday Webinar Event. There we’ll do a deep dive into each of the bulletins and give guidance on the risks associated with the newly-identified vulnerabilities.
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
In the realm of cybersecurity, offensive security practices act as a critical shield. By simulating real-world attacks in a controlled environment, these techniques expose vulnerabilities before malicious actors can exploit them. This proactive approach allows manufacturers to identify and fix weaknesses, significantly enhancing system security.
This presentation delves into the development of a system designed to mimic Galileo's Open Service signal using software-defined radio (SDR) technology. We'll begin with a foundational overview of both Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and the intricacies of digital signal processing.
The presentation culminates in a live demonstration. We'll showcase the manipulation of Galileo's Open Service pilot signal, simulating an attack on various software and hardware systems. This practical demonstration serves to highlight the potential consequences of unaddressed vulnerabilities, emphasizing the importance of offensive security practices in safeguarding critical infrastructure.
1. Senior/Graduate
HMA Course
Quality Control / Quality Assurance
Sampling for Quality Control
Construction QC QA Sampling 1
2. Requirements For a Sampling and Testing
Program
1. Frequency of Tests?
2. Location of Samples?
3. Size of Samples?
7-2
Construction QC QA Sampling 2
3. Reasons for Sampling Materials
1 . Certification or Source Approval
2 . Process/Quality Control
3 . Acceptance
4 . Independent Verification Samples
Construction QC QA Sampling 3
4. Types of Sampling
1 . Judgment Sampling
2 . Quota Sampling
3 . Systematic Sampling
4 . STRATIFIED SAMPLING
5 . RANDOM SAMPLING
Construction QC QA Sampling 4
9. Random Sampling
• Any portion of the population has equal
chance of being selected
• Bias is introduced when judgment is used -
Use the tables!
• Use random number tables
Construction QC QA Sampling 9
10. RANDOM SAMPLING
With simple random
Sampling, All samples
could end Up in one
section of a Roadway lot
ROADWAY LOT
Construction QC QA Sampling 10
11. Stratified Random Sampling
Sublot Sublot Sublot Sublot
1 2 3 4
Sta Sta Sta Sta Sta
100 110 120 130 140
Construction QC QA Sampling 11
12. Sampling Roadway Location Example
LOT Size: 4000 LF
Pavement Width: 12 FT
4 Sample Cores per LOT
LOT begins at Sta 100+00
Construction QC QA Sampling 12
13. LOT
Sublot Sublot Sublot Sublot
1 2 3 4
Sta Sta Sta Sta Sta
100 110 120 130 140
Construction QC QA Sampling 13
20. Sampling at the HMA Plant
Example Problem
• Lot size is 5000 tons
• The sub-lot size is 1000 tons
• Sublot samples –
– Select a block of numbers from the random
number table
• Calculate the sampling sequence
Construction QC QA Sampling 20
21. Select Sublots
• From a random number generator you got the
following:
0.37
0.90
0.66
0.67
0.68
Construction QC QA Sampling 21
22. Select Sublots
• The next step is to determine which ton you are going
to test within the 5000 MG (ton) lot.
• The first sample would be at
0.37 * 1000 or 370 MG (tons)
• The second sample would be at
0.90 *1000 + 1000 or 1900 MG (tons)
• The third sample would be at
0.66 * 1000 + 2000 or 2660 MG (tons)
Construction QC QA Sampling 22
The instructor is to refer to Appendix A-1 of the AASHTO Test Procedure “To develop a Quality Control/Quality Assurance Plan for Hot Mix Asphalt”. This document is available from AASHTO or your local SHA.
There are four basic reasons for sampling materials. They include: 1. Certification of source Approval - Samples of the material that is proposed for use by a supplier and/or contractor are taken and tested for approval. This ensures that the minimum material requirements are satisfied. 2. Process or quality control - Samples are taken on a lot-by-lot basis during production or use of the material to ensure that the process is "in control." This includes samples to periodically check the materials that are being obtained from previously approved sources (aggregates and asphalt). It also includes samples taken at the plant and paving site. 3. Acceptance - Samples that are taken to determine compliance with the specifications. 4. Independent/verification Samples - Samples that are taken for evaluating testing procedures. These types of samples are also referred to as independent assurance samples.
There are five different classifications of sampling types which define where the samples are taken. They include: 1. Judgment Sampling - The location of samples for this type of sampling is based upon the judgment of the technician or inspector. The sample is supposed to be selected to represent the overall quality or condition of the mixture being sampled. However, individual bias is almost always present and there is always a chance of both a conscious and an unconscious bias. 2. Quota Sampling - Sampling during strategic time frames or every time a procedure, equipment or source is changed in the construction process. This requires highly trained and experienced technicians or inspectors. 3. Systematic Sampling - The sampling of materials at uniform time, distance or production intervals. 4. Stratified Sampling - The sampling of materials that includes two or more independent parts (or specimens) of a given quantity of material. When a material is categorized by lots, the lots are divided into multiple parts based on a reasonable breaking point. 5. Random Sampling - This sampling involves the selection of samples so that each increment or specimen comprising the sample has the same chance of being chosen from the lot.
The cluster of grapes (sometimes a large cube-shaped object is used in the example) can be thought of as a "lot," consisting of the individual grapes (or the smaller cube-shaped blocks) that represent potential "specimens." Assume that the grape cluster (or cube) represents a lot of hot mix and that we wish to know the asphalt content of the hot mix in the lot. Keep in mind that it is always the properties of the lot that we wish to identify. To determine the best estimate of asphalt content, every bit of material in the lot should be tested (complete enumeration).
Obtaining valid samples is not automatic. The following are two possible procedures for obtaining samples: 1. Random Sampling - A procedure in which any given measurement in the population is as likely to be included as any other. 2. Biased Sampling - A procedure in which certain individual measurements have a greater chance of being included than others. From a statistical standpoint, random sampling is an absolute necessity. Biased sampling occurs when the inspector uses "judgment" regarding where or when to take the sample. The use of random sampling is necessary when obtaining samples to use for determining specification compliance. This should not be confused with inspection used to identify materials or construction obviously not in compliance.
Random sampling ensures that each portion of a lot has an equal chance of being selected for the sample. Stratified random sampling additionally involves the selection of two or more defined parts of a given lot. Stratified sampling is used to ensure that the specimens for the sample are obtained from throughout the lot and are not concentrated in one portion or section of the lot.
“ Random” does not mean “haphazard”; it means that the sample is selected without bias or choice. In practice it may be difficult to train technicians who have been accustomed to inspection to randomly select samples without regard to quality. Their tendency is to make sure that defective materials are represented in the sample, thus unconsciously biasing the sample. Random sampling must be followed when using a statistically-based procedure, like Quality Assurance. Samples can be taken based on either on the basis of the length of the roadway or on the basis of material mass.
The large rectangle represents the lot, perhaps one day’s paving from which cores are to be obtained. Using a random number table, it is possible, (but not necessarily likely) that all of the cores could be selected within the first half of the lot. For our example the specifications require four samples per lot.
To avoid this possibility, the lot can be stratified into a number of sublots equal to the sample size to be selected from the lot. One core is then randomly selected from each sublot. This ensures that each portion of the lot has the same chance of being selected while, at the same time, ensuring that the sample is spread out over the entire lot.
Suppose one is to sample a bituminous mixture from the roadway to obtain cores for density determination. The specifications state that the lot size shall be 4,000 linear feet of pavement, and that the sample consists of 4 cores per lot. If we assume that the pavement width is 12 feet and the lot begins at station 100+00, then we can use a random number table to select the sampling locations.
The lot begins at station 100+00 and ends at station 140+00 (I.e.., 4000 feet in length). Five equal sublots are required, so the sublot length is 4,000/4 = 1,000 feet. The sublot locations are represented on the figure.
Now that the sublot boundaries have been identified. the location of the core within each sublot must be determined. To accomplish this, the location must be randomized in the longitudinal as well as the transverse direction.
The random number table can be used to determine both the transverse and the longitudinal locations for the cores. Two sets (columns, rows, etc.) of random numbers are selected, one for the transverse position, the other for the longitudinal position. A set of 4 random numbers for the longitudinal (X) position and 4 random numbers for the transverse (Y) position of the sample may be chosen by using the second block of numbers from the table.
These X and Y random numbers are multiplied by the sublot length and paving width, respectively as shown in the example below: Sublot #1 (start at station 100+00) Coordinate X = 0.74 x 1,000 = 740 ft. Coordinate Y = 0.29 x 12 = 3.5 ft. Sublot #2 (start at station 110+00) Coordinate X = 0.60 x 1000 = 600 ft. Coordinate Y = 0.21 x 12 = 2.5 ft.
To avoid this possibility, the lot can be stratified into a number of sublots equal to the sample size to be selected from the lot. One core is then randomly selected from each sublot. This ensures that each portion of the lot has the same chance of being selected while, at the same time, ensuring that the sample is spread out over the entire lot.
This is an example of stratified random sampling. These examples were based on a sampling for density control and thus were based on distances down the road but it should be noted to the student that this same process can be used for sampling on an hourly basis or a tonnage basis.
The instructor is to refer to Appendix A-1 of the AASHTO Test Procedure “To develop a Quality Control/Quality Assurance Plan for Hot Mix Asphalt”.
If you use a random number generator or a random number table you could generate these five random numbers between zero and one.
Using the random numbers shown on the previous slide the process would be as shown here.