BJohnson_1473_IGARSS_2011_oral_final.pptx
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The document discusses using combined passive microwave and active radar observations to remotely sense ice-phase precipitation. It describes challenges including uncertainties in atmospheric and particle properties. The presented retrieval approach uses consistency matching to adjust simulations until they match passive microwave and radar observations. While this works reasonably well using constant density spheres, the document notes particle shape is a major uncertainty and incorporating realistic shapes and size-density relationships could improve retrievals by better constraining the physically-based models. Next steps discussed include creating a database relating ice water content to observations for different particle shapes to incorporate into combined precipitation algorithms.
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reveal a natural wave–particle duality. Magnifying quantum behaviour to
macroscopic scales is a major strength of the technique of cooling and trapping
atomic gases, in which low momentum is engineered through extremely low
temperatures. Advances in this feld have achieved such precise control over atomic
systems that gravity, often negligible when considering individual atoms, has
emerged as a substantial obstacle. In particular, although weaker trapping felds
would allow access to lower temperatures1,2
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sensitivities if the free-fall time of the atoms after release from the trap could be made
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rubidium Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) in an Earth-orbiting research laboratory,
the Cold Atom Lab. We observe subnanokelvin BECs in weak trapping potentials with
free-expansion times extending beyond one second, providing an initial
demonstration of the advantages ofered by a microgravity environment for
cold-atom experiments and verifying the successful operation of this facility. With
routine BEC production, continuing operations will support long-term investigations
of trap topologies unique to microgravity4,5
, atom-laser sources6
, few-body physics7,8
and pathfnding techniques for atom-wave interferometry9–12
Motion detection applied to
The foremost by-product of this paper is the automation of geological undertakings, for instance, dealing
with exceptionally thin sections of rocks that were subjected to deformation alongside finite steps of time
which can be recorded in video for later analysis using image processing and numerical analysis
procedures. Markers are used in order to trace gradients of deformation over a sample and study other
mechanical properties. Image processing and video sequence analysis can be a very powerful investigation
tool and this paper shows preliminary results from its use on microtectonics. The proposed algorithm is a
combination of two well-known approaches: feature extraction and block matching.
A knowledge-based model for identifying and mapping tropical wetlands and pea...
This presentation was presented during the 2 Parallel session on Theme 3.1, Managing SOC in: Soils with high SOC – peatlands, permafrost, and black soils, of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Mr. Thomas Gumbricht, from Center for International Forestry Research – Indonesia, in FAO Hq, Rome
Remote Sensing Based Soil Moisture Detection
Remote sensing –Beyond images
Mexico 14-15 December 2013
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11.the optical constants of highly absorbing films using the spectral reflect...
This document summarizes a study that determined the optical constants of thin films of rhodium metal using spectral reflectance measurements. The researchers measured the reflectance of rhodium films of varying thicknesses using a double beam spectrophotometer. They then used Kramers-Kronig relations to calculate the phase angle from the reflectance data and determine the real refractive index and extinction coefficient. Their method provides accurate optical constants without needing transmission measurements. They found the refractive index and extinction coefficient were nearly equal for thin films and that their method compared well to values from other interference-based techniques.
Simulated versus Satellite Retrieval Distribution Patterns of the Snow Water ...
Simulated versus Satellite Retrieval Distribution Patterns of the Snow Water ...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— Snow is a very important component of the climate system which controls surface energy and water balances. Its high albedo, low thermal conductivity and properties of surface water storage impact regional to global climate. The various properties characterizing snow are highly variable and so have to be determined as dynamically active components of climate. However, on large spatial scales the properties of snow are not easily quantified either from numerical modelling or observations. Since neither observations (ground measurements or satellite retrievals) nor models alone are capable of providing enough adequate information about the time space variability of snow properties, it becomes necessary to combine their information. In the presented study the obtained with the regional climate model RegCM snow water equivalent (SWE) on monthly basis over Southeast Europe for a time window of 14 consecutive winters is compared with the Globsnow satellite product. The concordance between both datasets is evaluated with number of statistical scores. The result reveals the principal agreement between the two products, but however, with very significant discrepancies, mainly overestimations, for some years and gridcells.Report - Forschungszentrum Jülich
This document discusses using geostatistical analysis to understand soil moisture dynamics at a small catchment scale. Daily soil moisture data from 111 sensors over 3.5 years was analyzed. Variogram analysis showed limitations in accurately estimating the nugget variance without paired sensors. Kriging interpolation was performed, but results were limited by inaccurate variograms that were sometimes unbounded with high sill and range values. The analysis demonstrated the importance of accurately estimating the nugget variance for robust geostatistical modeling of soil moisture dynamics.
Imaging the dust_sublimation_front_of_a_circumbinary_disk
Aims. We present the first near-IR milli-arcsecond-scale image of a post-AGB binary that is surrounded by hot circumbinary dust.
Methods. A very rich interferometric data set in six spectral channels was acquired of IRAS 08544-4431 with the new RAPID camera
on the PIONIER beam combiner at the Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI). A broadband image in the H-band was reconstructed
by combining the data of all spectral channels using the SPARCO method.
Results. We spatially separate all the building blocks of the IRAS 08544-4431 system in our milliarcsecond-resolution image. Our
dissection reveals a dust sublimation front that is strikingly similar to that expected in early-stage protoplanetary disks, as well as an
unexpected flux signal of 4% from the secondary star. The energy output from this companion indicates the presence of a compact
circum-companion accretion disk, which is likely the origin of the fast outflow detected in H .
Conclusions. Our image provides the most detailed view into the heart of a dusty circumstellar disk to date. Our results demonstrate
that binary evolution processes and circumstellar disk evolution can be studied in detail in space and over time.
What's hot (19)
Acoustic Impedance and Porosity Relationship to Identify Reservoir Rock in Wi...
Acoustic Impedance and Porosity Relationship to Identify Reservoir Rock in Wi...
A. Zakharov: Supermassive Black Hole at the Galactic Center
A. Zakharov: Supermassive Black Hole at the Galactic Center
2 d seismic refraction tomography investigation of a sewage treatment site
2 d seismic refraction tomography investigation of a sewage treatment site
Petrophysical Study of Reservoir Rocks: Use of Image Analysis Software (IAS...
Petrophysical Study of Reservoir Rocks: Use of Image Analysis Software (IAS...
The open cluster_ngc6520_and_the_nearby_dark_molecular_cloud_barnard_86
The open cluster_ngc6520_and_the_nearby_dark_molecular_cloud_barnard_86
Prediction of Soil Total Nitrogen Content Using Spectraradiometer and GIS in ...
Prediction of Soil Total Nitrogen Content Using Spectraradiometer and GIS in ...
Distances luminosities and_temperatures_of_the_coldest_known_substelar_objects
Distances luminosities and_temperatures_of_the_coldest_known_substelar_objects
Observation of Bose–Einstein condensates in an Earth-orbiting research lab
Observation of Bose–Einstein condensates in an Earth-orbiting research lab
A knowledge-based model for identifying and mapping tropical wetlands and pea...
A knowledge-based model for identifying and mapping tropical wetlands and pea...
11.the optical constants of highly absorbing films using the spectral reflect...
11.the optical constants of highly absorbing films using the spectral reflect...
Simulated versus Satellite Retrieval Distribution Patterns of the Snow Water ...
Simulated versus Satellite Retrieval Distribution Patterns of the Snow Water ...
Imaging the dust_sublimation_front_of_a_circumbinary_disk
Imaging the dust_sublimation_front_of_a_circumbinary_disk
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Fast radio bursts trigger aftershocks resembling earthquakes, but not solar f...
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Earth, Venus, Mars and some extrasolar terrestrial planets1
have a mass and radius that is consistent with a mass fraction
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different composition, with a mass fraction of about 70%
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16634-19010-1-PB
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- 1. Ice-Phase Precipitation Remote Sensing Using Combined Passive and Active Microwave Observations Benjamin T. Johnson UMBC/JCET & NASA/GSFC (Code 613.1) Benjamin.T.Johnson@nasa.gov Gail Skofronick-Jackson NASA/GSFC (Code 613.1) IGARSS 2011 – Vancouver, Canada
- 2. Figure 1.: whiteout conditions during a snow storm. 2/22
- 4. Precipitating clouds consist of a wide range of particles with variable shape, size, number density, and composition, and microwave radiation is sensitive to these properties
- 5. Furthermore, ice clouds, water clouds, and gases and attenuate/emit microwave radiationB. Johnson IGARSS 2011 3/22
- 7. Physical descriptions of hydrometeors (PSD, shape(s), composition)
- 8. Appropriate relationships between physical and scattering/extinction/backscattering properties
- 9. An inversion method for retrieving the desired physical properties given observationsB. Johnson IGARSS 2011 4/22
- 12. Pros: Simple to implement, works equally over land and water
- 13. Cons: “matches” may not represent reality, geometric issues ignored (NUBF, beam matching)
- 14. Important note: the uncertainty due to unknown particle shape is orders of magnitude greater than other known sources of uncertainties.B. Johnson IGARSS 2011 5/22
- 15. Retrieval Schematic (1) Radar-only Retrieval Large set of Radar-Retrieved Vertical Profiles of PSD/IWC Observed Reflectivities (Zku, Zka) Inversion Z-S, DWR, etc. Attenuation “Correction” (2) Forward Model Physical - Radiative Database Physical Model Precip. & Atmos. Hydrometeor Model Ext., Scat., p(Q), Z Radiative Transfer Model (3) Radar/Radiometer Retrieval Simulated Radiances (TBsim) TB Constrained PSD/IWC Profiles PMW Retrieval Algorithm Observed Radiances (TBobs) 6/22
- 16. Observed Reflectivities and Passive Microwave TBs during the 2003 Wakasa Bay Experiment B. Johnson IGARSS 2011 7/22
- 17. (Const. Density Spheres) Retrieval Inputs at each vertical level Environment: Pressure, Temperature, Humidity, Cloud Water Content Microphysics: Particle Density, Shape, PSD Type Observables: Zm,14, Zm,35, DWR Forward Dual Wavelength Ratio Retrieval Method Update PIA for air, clouds, and precip. (A14, A35) Starting at storm top (ztop) down to z=0 PIA-corrected Reflectivities Ze,14, Ze,35 B. Johnson IGARSS 2011 8/22 Match DWR with D0 (3.67/L) in Database; compute N0 Is DWR 1? no yes Ze,35-IWC retrieval, infer D0 / N0
- 18. WBAY 03: Dual Wavelength Ratio, and retrieved N0, and D0 (assuming a single constant particle density) B. Johnson IGARSS 2011 9/22
- 19. 10/22
- 20. 11/22
- 21. 12/22
- 23. approx. 5 K RMS error in precipitating regions, simply by adjusting the CLW and particle density.
- 25. Include sets of non-spherical “realistically shaped” hydrometeorsB. Johnson IGARSS 2011 13/22
- 26. (Fixed IWC = 1.0 g m-3) Constant Density Spheres Mass-Density Relationships Magono and Nakamura (1965) Mitchell et al. (1990) Locatelli and Hobbs (1974) Barthazy (1998) UW-NMS (Tripoli, 1992) 14/22
- 27. Retrieved log10(IWC) [g m-3] using size-density relationships (Brown and Ruf, 2007) 15/22
- 28. B. Johnson IGARSS 2011 16/22
- 29. Retrieved IWC [g m-3] :: “Realistic” particle shapes, exponential PSD B. Johnson IGARSS 2011 17/22
- 30. 18/22
- 31. 19/22
- 33. The choice of particle shape and size distribution appears to be the largest uncertainty in physically-based precipitation retrieval algorithms (most certainly renders them ill-posed)
- 34. So, prior knowledge of the particle shapes and sizes should significantly constrain physically based retrievals
- 35. However, this requires that one has already computed the necessary physical-radiative properties ahead of time!B. Johnson IGARSS 2011 20/22
- 37. Create complete database of IWC as a function of reflectivity, dual-wavelength ratio, and particle shape.
- 38. Add other non-spherical shapes (in progress, e.g., Kuo, G. Liu, others)
- 39. Add melting particles (in progress)
- 40. Apply retrieval to GPM satellite simulator data (T. Matsui, WK Tao, et al.) as a alg. dev. testbed.
- 41. Incorporate database(s) into official GPM combined radar/radiometer algorithm
- 42. currently assumes constant-density spheres(?)B. Johnson IGARSS 2011 21/22
- 43. B. Johnson IGARSS 2011 22/22