We should think about the blockchain as another class of thing like the Internet – a comprehensive information technology with tiered technical levels and multiple classes of applications for any form of asset registry, inventory, and exchange, including every area of finance, economics, and money; hard assets (physical property); and intangible assets (votes, ideas, reputation, intention, health data, information, etc.). In fact the blockchain concept is even more, it is a new organizing paradigm.
– Melanie Swan, Founder, Institute for Blockchain Studies
This course covers in detail the technical principles & concepts behind blockchain. In addition, it seeks to provide you with the insights and deep understanding of the various components of blockchain technology, and enables you to determine for yourself how to best leverage and exploit blockchain for your project, organisation or start-up.
Link - https://www.experfy.com/training/courses/blockchain-technology-fundamentals
Blockchain Overview, What is Blockchain, Why Blockchain, How Blockchain will change the world, concepts of Blockchain are explained like Consensus, Distributed Ledger, Blockchain use cases and more
Blockchain Digital Transformation Presentation101 Blockchains
Blockchain is transforming the world around us. And, there is no doubt that it is going to change how we interact with each other. In this powerpoint presentation, we will be looking at blockchain digital transformation. The blockchain powerpoint presentation is aimed at both new and experienced learners. If you are looking for the ultimate digital transformation blockchain ppt, you have come to the right place.
The blockchain ppt covers all the necessary things that a beginner should know about digital transformation, but also ensure that it covers more exciting topics related to the topic. For example, the second blockchain powerpoint slide covers the subject, “Public vs. Private.” This is essential to understanding the fundamental need for a decentralized network, i.e., blockchain. We also include the key features that power the digital world through blockchain.
Blockchain is, as The Economist (2015) calls it, "a trust machine".
To let the readers understand the need for blockchain and its improvement over the year, we have also covered the history of blockchain transformation. The history of blockchain is vibrant including the release of permissioned frameworks such as HyperLedger and R3. Other distributed ledger technology also flourished from 2009 to 2019. We have covered most of the important ones in the blockchain ppt.
Different use cases along with their implementation challenges have also been covered to give you a glimpse of how the current blockchain technology is shaping and impacting other industries out there.
Another important thing that we covered includes how non-financial enterprises are adopting blockchain. There are companies such as Ford and Toyota that are working round the clock to implement blockchain in their smart mobility solutions. Even insurance giants like Prudential and Metlife are automating a lot of the insurance processes using blockchain. To power these financial and non-financial institutions, federated networks are been used. They are permissioned frameworks that empower business and ensure that they get all the tools to make a blockchain network according to their needs and requirements.
The enterprise blockchain ecosystem is also strong, thanks to the players such as Ethereum, Hyperledger, and Corda. Hundreds of enterprises are utilizing Hyperledger. Two key examples include the T-Mobile and London Stock Exchange Group.
Apart from the big enterprises, the healthcare industry also seems to be interested in the blockchain. They are using it to save lives and improve the state of the healthcare industry.
=>You can read further details in our Blockchain for Enterprise guide.
https://101blockchains.com/blockchain-for-enterprise/
=>Work with 101 Blockchains
101 Blockchains Professional Services
https://101blockchains.com/services/
Partner With 101 Blockchains
https://101blockchains.com/blockchain-partnerships/
The Basic Introduction to Blockchain technology and its features along with its working ,usage and application areas. This presentation clarifies all the basic concenpts related to blockchain technology .
This Edureka Blockchain technology tutorial will give you an understanding of how blockchain works and what are blockchain technologies. This tutorial helps you to learn following topics:
1. What are Blockchain & Bitcoin
2. Blockchain Technologies
3. Peer to Peer Network
4. Cryptography
5. Proof of Work & Blockchain Program
6. Ethereum & Smart Contracts
7. Blockchain Applications and Use Cases
This course covers in detail the technical principles & concepts behind blockchain. In addition, it seeks to provide you with the insights and deep understanding of the various components of blockchain technology, and enables you to determine for yourself how to best leverage and exploit blockchain for your project, organisation or start-up.
Link - https://www.experfy.com/training/courses/blockchain-technology-fundamentals
Blockchain Overview, What is Blockchain, Why Blockchain, How Blockchain will change the world, concepts of Blockchain are explained like Consensus, Distributed Ledger, Blockchain use cases and more
Blockchain Digital Transformation Presentation101 Blockchains
Blockchain is transforming the world around us. And, there is no doubt that it is going to change how we interact with each other. In this powerpoint presentation, we will be looking at blockchain digital transformation. The blockchain powerpoint presentation is aimed at both new and experienced learners. If you are looking for the ultimate digital transformation blockchain ppt, you have come to the right place.
The blockchain ppt covers all the necessary things that a beginner should know about digital transformation, but also ensure that it covers more exciting topics related to the topic. For example, the second blockchain powerpoint slide covers the subject, “Public vs. Private.” This is essential to understanding the fundamental need for a decentralized network, i.e., blockchain. We also include the key features that power the digital world through blockchain.
Blockchain is, as The Economist (2015) calls it, "a trust machine".
To let the readers understand the need for blockchain and its improvement over the year, we have also covered the history of blockchain transformation. The history of blockchain is vibrant including the release of permissioned frameworks such as HyperLedger and R3. Other distributed ledger technology also flourished from 2009 to 2019. We have covered most of the important ones in the blockchain ppt.
Different use cases along with their implementation challenges have also been covered to give you a glimpse of how the current blockchain technology is shaping and impacting other industries out there.
Another important thing that we covered includes how non-financial enterprises are adopting blockchain. There are companies such as Ford and Toyota that are working round the clock to implement blockchain in their smart mobility solutions. Even insurance giants like Prudential and Metlife are automating a lot of the insurance processes using blockchain. To power these financial and non-financial institutions, federated networks are been used. They are permissioned frameworks that empower business and ensure that they get all the tools to make a blockchain network according to their needs and requirements.
The enterprise blockchain ecosystem is also strong, thanks to the players such as Ethereum, Hyperledger, and Corda. Hundreds of enterprises are utilizing Hyperledger. Two key examples include the T-Mobile and London Stock Exchange Group.
Apart from the big enterprises, the healthcare industry also seems to be interested in the blockchain. They are using it to save lives and improve the state of the healthcare industry.
=>You can read further details in our Blockchain for Enterprise guide.
https://101blockchains.com/blockchain-for-enterprise/
=>Work with 101 Blockchains
101 Blockchains Professional Services
https://101blockchains.com/services/
Partner With 101 Blockchains
https://101blockchains.com/blockchain-partnerships/
The Basic Introduction to Blockchain technology and its features along with its working ,usage and application areas. This presentation clarifies all the basic concenpts related to blockchain technology .
This Edureka Blockchain technology tutorial will give you an understanding of how blockchain works and what are blockchain technologies. This tutorial helps you to learn following topics:
1. What are Blockchain & Bitcoin
2. Blockchain Technologies
3. Peer to Peer Network
4. Cryptography
5. Proof of Work & Blockchain Program
6. Ethereum & Smart Contracts
7. Blockchain Applications and Use Cases
This is a presentation that the CEO of HyperTrends Global Inc. Anup Marwadi (https://www.hypertrends.com) gave to the San Diego's RMA Chapter (https://www.sandiegorma.org/product/san-diego-chapter-dinner-01092019/).
In this presentation, Anup goes over the fundamentals of Blockchain, Hashing, Cryptocurrencies as well as various different applications of the Blockchain as it pertains to the banking sector.
Feel free to share this around.
Blockchain is a system of recording information in a way that makes it difficult or impossible to change, hack, or cheat the system. A blockchain is essentially a digital ledger of transactions that is duplicated and distributed across the entire network of computer systems on the blockchain.
Overview and clarification of blockchain on following respects: what blockchain is, when it appeared, how it works, who designed/develops it, what it can achieve?
Author : Dr Christian Cachin, IBM
An introduction to Blockchain and covering :
-Blockchain vs cryptocurrency
-Bitcoin vs Ethereum
-Real life and industrial examples
-Business example
-Benefits & challenges
Blockchain technology is a distributed ledger platform that provides open and transparent transaction information with integrity and non-repudiation based on modern cryptography. It is also the technology behind many cryptocurrencies. This presentation will give fundamental knowledge on how blockchain works, its cryptography implementation, cryptocurrency definition and related terms and also blockchain use cases.
An introductory presentation discussing the basics of technology behind blockchain, cryptocurrency mining, and an attempt to value a cryptocurrency. Further discussion on altcoins, and a preview on ICOs.
Introduction to Ethereum Blockchain & Smart ContractThanh Nguyen
The Harvard Business Review (HBR) thinks that Blockchain Technology has to power to keep data safe for consumers and businesses alike; because Blockchain provides a secure and immutable ledger, HBR says it represents the key to taking back privacy of data.
“You can keep certified copies of identity documents, biometric test results, health data, or academic and training certificates online, available at all times, yet safe unless you give away your key. At a whole system level, the database is very secure.”
Basic introduction in blockchain, smart contracts, permissioned ledgersKoen Vingerhoets
Presented during Blockchain Vlaanderen #7 on 20/04/2017, organised by Kunstmaan and Antwerp Management School.
The assignment: host a basic introduction into blockchain, share some insights on smart contracts and explain why financial institutions choose other ledgers than bitcoin.
Blockchain Applications In Supply Chain, Cybersecurity, Voting, Insurance, Re...Simplilearn
This presentation about blockchain application will help you understand several modern-day security concerns, including issues with supply chain, cybersecurity, voting, insurance, and real estate
Blockchain is a distributed ledger of permanent records called blocks, which are secured using cryptography
At the end of the video, every individual will understand how Blockchain can be helpful in solving real-life problems.
Below are the topics we will be covering in this presentation:
1. blockchain in supply chain management
2. blockchain in cybersecurity
3. blockchain in voting
4. blockchain in insurance
5. blockchain in real estate
Simplilearn’s Blockchain Certification Training has been designed for developers who want to decipher the global craze surrounding Blockchain, Bitcoin and cryptocurrencies. You’ll learn the core structure and technical mechanisms of Bitcoin, Ethereum, Hyperledger, and Multichain Blockchain platforms, use the latest tools to build Blockchain applications, set up your own private Blockchain, deploy smart contracts on Ethereum and gain practical experience with real-world projects.
This Blockchain Certification course offers hands-on training covering relevant topics in cryptocurrency and the wider Blockchain space. From a technological standpoint, you will develop a strong grasp of core Blockchain platforms, understand what Bitcoin is and how it works, learn key vocabulary and concepts commonly used when discussing Blockchain and understand why engineers are motivated to create an app with Ethereum.
After completing this course, you will be able to:
1. Apply Bitcoin and Blockchain concepts in business situations
2. Build compelling Blockchain applications using the Ethereum Blockchain
3. Design, test and deploy secure Smart Contracts
4. Use the latest version of Ethereum development tools (Web3 v1.0)
5. Develop Hyperledger Blockchain applications using Composer Framework
6. Model the Blockchain applications using Composer modeling language
7. Develop front-end (client) applications using Composer API
8. Leverage Composer REST Server to design a web-based Blockchain solution
9. Design Hyperledger Fabric Composer Business Network 10.
10. Understand the true purpose and capabilities of Ethereum and Solidity
The Blockchain Certification Training Course is recommended for:
1. Developers
2. Technologists interested in learning Ethereum, Hyperledger, and Blockchain
3. Technology architects wanting to expand their skills to Blockchain technology
4. Professionals curious to learn how Blockchain technology can change the way we do business
5. Entrepreneurs with technology background interested in realizing their business ideas on the Blockchain
Learn more at https://www.simplilearn.com/blockchain-certification-training
What is A Smart Contract? | Smart Contracts Tutorial | Smart Contracts in Blo...Simplilearn
This presentation on smart contract tutorial will help you understand what is a smart contract, why we need a smart contract, solidity for a smart contract, Blockchain implementation of the smart contract, voting process, hospitals and at the end you will see a use case implementation on crowdfunding smart contract. Smart contracts are self-executing contracts which contain the terms and conditions of an agreement between the peers. A smart contract is very similar to a vending machine. It eliminates the need for intermediate and escrow services. The terms and conditions of an agreement are written in code. These agreements facilitate the exchange of money, shares, property etc. All of this process is executed in Blockchain's decentralized platform. So, let us get started and understand what is a smart contract.
Below topics are explained in this smart contract presentation:
1. Why smart contract?
2. What is a smart contract?
3. Solidity for smart contract
4. Blockchain implementation of a smart contract
5. Voting process
6. Hospitals
7. Use case - Crowd funding smart contract
Simplilearn’s Blockchain Certification Training has been designed for developers who want to decipher the global craze surrounding Blockchain, Bitcoin and cryptocurrencies. You’ll learn the core structure and technical mechanisms of Bitcoin, Ethereum, Hyperledger and Multichain Blockchain platforms, use the latest tools to build Blockchain applications, set up your own private Blockchain, deploy smart contracts on Ethereum and gain practical experience with real-world projects.
Why learn Blockchain?
Blockchain technology is the brainchild of Satoshi Nakamoto, which enables digital information to be distributed. A network of computing nodes makes up the Blockchain. Durability, robustness, success rate, transparency, incorruptibility are some of the enticing characteristics of Blockchain. By design, Blockchain is a decentralized technology which is used by a global network of the computer to manage Bitcoin transactions easily. Many new business applications will result in the usage of Blockchain such as Crowdfunding, smart contracts, supply chain auditing, etc.
The Blockchain Certification Training Course is recommended for:
1. Developers
2. Technologists interested in learning Ethereum, Hyperledger and Blockchain
3. Technology architects wanting to expand their skills to Blockchain technology
4. Professionals curious to learn how Blockchain technology can change the way we do business
5. Entrepreneurs with technology background interested in realizing their business ideas on the Blockchain
Learn more at: https://www.simplilearn.com/
The almost complete guide explaining Bitcoin, philosophy, history, technology, use, the good/bad, how to buy, trading, and its future.
Thanks a lot for a cup of coffee.... =)
Bitcoin : 1ChyUCv7Qqz5fqfb4QhUsYYGmeMfz99vr7
Bitcoin Cash : 18AH4EyLo7djvfKHuRxjVh1cWPJH93ppAx
Ethereum : 0x449fFDBBcD2328662B67Ba3103ce83834d140bf7
Litecoin: 32XW2vssbd2V2tY1MbsRdRoz4UAUw2G4j6
Dogecoin : A8zoTQk9RauhRDbvEQF1bhB5h7dFtVnveX
Preferred Crypto Exchange : Binance
https://www.binance.com/?ref=10955776
Thank you.
This is a presentation that the CEO of HyperTrends Global Inc. Anup Marwadi (https://www.hypertrends.com) gave to the San Diego's RMA Chapter (https://www.sandiegorma.org/product/san-diego-chapter-dinner-01092019/).
In this presentation, Anup goes over the fundamentals of Blockchain, Hashing, Cryptocurrencies as well as various different applications of the Blockchain as it pertains to the banking sector.
Feel free to share this around.
Blockchain is a system of recording information in a way that makes it difficult or impossible to change, hack, or cheat the system. A blockchain is essentially a digital ledger of transactions that is duplicated and distributed across the entire network of computer systems on the blockchain.
Overview and clarification of blockchain on following respects: what blockchain is, when it appeared, how it works, who designed/develops it, what it can achieve?
Author : Dr Christian Cachin, IBM
An introduction to Blockchain and covering :
-Blockchain vs cryptocurrency
-Bitcoin vs Ethereum
-Real life and industrial examples
-Business example
-Benefits & challenges
Blockchain technology is a distributed ledger platform that provides open and transparent transaction information with integrity and non-repudiation based on modern cryptography. It is also the technology behind many cryptocurrencies. This presentation will give fundamental knowledge on how blockchain works, its cryptography implementation, cryptocurrency definition and related terms and also blockchain use cases.
An introductory presentation discussing the basics of technology behind blockchain, cryptocurrency mining, and an attempt to value a cryptocurrency. Further discussion on altcoins, and a preview on ICOs.
Introduction to Ethereum Blockchain & Smart ContractThanh Nguyen
The Harvard Business Review (HBR) thinks that Blockchain Technology has to power to keep data safe for consumers and businesses alike; because Blockchain provides a secure and immutable ledger, HBR says it represents the key to taking back privacy of data.
“You can keep certified copies of identity documents, biometric test results, health data, or academic and training certificates online, available at all times, yet safe unless you give away your key. At a whole system level, the database is very secure.”
Basic introduction in blockchain, smart contracts, permissioned ledgersKoen Vingerhoets
Presented during Blockchain Vlaanderen #7 on 20/04/2017, organised by Kunstmaan and Antwerp Management School.
The assignment: host a basic introduction into blockchain, share some insights on smart contracts and explain why financial institutions choose other ledgers than bitcoin.
Blockchain Applications In Supply Chain, Cybersecurity, Voting, Insurance, Re...Simplilearn
This presentation about blockchain application will help you understand several modern-day security concerns, including issues with supply chain, cybersecurity, voting, insurance, and real estate
Blockchain is a distributed ledger of permanent records called blocks, which are secured using cryptography
At the end of the video, every individual will understand how Blockchain can be helpful in solving real-life problems.
Below are the topics we will be covering in this presentation:
1. blockchain in supply chain management
2. blockchain in cybersecurity
3. blockchain in voting
4. blockchain in insurance
5. blockchain in real estate
Simplilearn’s Blockchain Certification Training has been designed for developers who want to decipher the global craze surrounding Blockchain, Bitcoin and cryptocurrencies. You’ll learn the core structure and technical mechanisms of Bitcoin, Ethereum, Hyperledger, and Multichain Blockchain platforms, use the latest tools to build Blockchain applications, set up your own private Blockchain, deploy smart contracts on Ethereum and gain practical experience with real-world projects.
This Blockchain Certification course offers hands-on training covering relevant topics in cryptocurrency and the wider Blockchain space. From a technological standpoint, you will develop a strong grasp of core Blockchain platforms, understand what Bitcoin is and how it works, learn key vocabulary and concepts commonly used when discussing Blockchain and understand why engineers are motivated to create an app with Ethereum.
After completing this course, you will be able to:
1. Apply Bitcoin and Blockchain concepts in business situations
2. Build compelling Blockchain applications using the Ethereum Blockchain
3. Design, test and deploy secure Smart Contracts
4. Use the latest version of Ethereum development tools (Web3 v1.0)
5. Develop Hyperledger Blockchain applications using Composer Framework
6. Model the Blockchain applications using Composer modeling language
7. Develop front-end (client) applications using Composer API
8. Leverage Composer REST Server to design a web-based Blockchain solution
9. Design Hyperledger Fabric Composer Business Network 10.
10. Understand the true purpose and capabilities of Ethereum and Solidity
The Blockchain Certification Training Course is recommended for:
1. Developers
2. Technologists interested in learning Ethereum, Hyperledger, and Blockchain
3. Technology architects wanting to expand their skills to Blockchain technology
4. Professionals curious to learn how Blockchain technology can change the way we do business
5. Entrepreneurs with technology background interested in realizing their business ideas on the Blockchain
Learn more at https://www.simplilearn.com/blockchain-certification-training
What is A Smart Contract? | Smart Contracts Tutorial | Smart Contracts in Blo...Simplilearn
This presentation on smart contract tutorial will help you understand what is a smart contract, why we need a smart contract, solidity for a smart contract, Blockchain implementation of the smart contract, voting process, hospitals and at the end you will see a use case implementation on crowdfunding smart contract. Smart contracts are self-executing contracts which contain the terms and conditions of an agreement between the peers. A smart contract is very similar to a vending machine. It eliminates the need for intermediate and escrow services. The terms and conditions of an agreement are written in code. These agreements facilitate the exchange of money, shares, property etc. All of this process is executed in Blockchain's decentralized platform. So, let us get started and understand what is a smart contract.
Below topics are explained in this smart contract presentation:
1. Why smart contract?
2. What is a smart contract?
3. Solidity for smart contract
4. Blockchain implementation of a smart contract
5. Voting process
6. Hospitals
7. Use case - Crowd funding smart contract
Simplilearn’s Blockchain Certification Training has been designed for developers who want to decipher the global craze surrounding Blockchain, Bitcoin and cryptocurrencies. You’ll learn the core structure and technical mechanisms of Bitcoin, Ethereum, Hyperledger and Multichain Blockchain platforms, use the latest tools to build Blockchain applications, set up your own private Blockchain, deploy smart contracts on Ethereum and gain practical experience with real-world projects.
Why learn Blockchain?
Blockchain technology is the brainchild of Satoshi Nakamoto, which enables digital information to be distributed. A network of computing nodes makes up the Blockchain. Durability, robustness, success rate, transparency, incorruptibility are some of the enticing characteristics of Blockchain. By design, Blockchain is a decentralized technology which is used by a global network of the computer to manage Bitcoin transactions easily. Many new business applications will result in the usage of Blockchain such as Crowdfunding, smart contracts, supply chain auditing, etc.
The Blockchain Certification Training Course is recommended for:
1. Developers
2. Technologists interested in learning Ethereum, Hyperledger and Blockchain
3. Technology architects wanting to expand their skills to Blockchain technology
4. Professionals curious to learn how Blockchain technology can change the way we do business
5. Entrepreneurs with technology background interested in realizing their business ideas on the Blockchain
Learn more at: https://www.simplilearn.com/
The almost complete guide explaining Bitcoin, philosophy, history, technology, use, the good/bad, how to buy, trading, and its future.
Thanks a lot for a cup of coffee.... =)
Bitcoin : 1ChyUCv7Qqz5fqfb4QhUsYYGmeMfz99vr7
Bitcoin Cash : 18AH4EyLo7djvfKHuRxjVh1cWPJH93ppAx
Ethereum : 0x449fFDBBcD2328662B67Ba3103ce83834d140bf7
Litecoin: 32XW2vssbd2V2tY1MbsRdRoz4UAUw2G4j6
Dogecoin : A8zoTQk9RauhRDbvEQF1bhB5h7dFtVnveX
Preferred Crypto Exchange : Binance
https://www.binance.com/?ref=10955776
Thank you.
On the 15th of November I spoke for my favourite audience in the world, friends and family! Ever since I became a speaker on Bitcoin and the Blockchain, some of them have asked me when they could attend a presentation to see and hear what it is all about. So I decided to host something myself and some friends invited their friends too. I had a great evening, thanks everyone!
Sixth lesson for the Bitcoin and Blockchain Technology course of Milano Bicocca University (2017)
Video (in Italian) available at https://goo.gl/g65Nzp
Blockchain: The Information Technology of the FutureMelanie Swan
The blockchain concept may be one of the most transformative ideas to impact the world since the Internet. Cryptocurrencies like bitcoin are merely one application of the blockchain concept. The blockchain is a public transaction ledger built in a decentralized network structure based on cryptographic principles so that any kind of trading, buying and selling of assets does not need to go through a centralized intermediary. Any kind of asset may be encoded into the blockchain and transacted, validated, or preserved in a much more efficient manner than at present including ideas, health data, financial assets, automobiles, and government documents. Venture Capitalists are calling the blockchain the next big investment wave.
Bitcoin and Blockchain Technology Explained: Not just Cryptocurrencies, Econo...Melanie Swan
The blockchain concept may be one of the most transformative ideas to impact the world since the Internet. It represents a new organizing paradigm for all activity and integrates humans and technology. Cryptocurrencies like bitcoin are merely one application of the blockchain concept. The blockchain is a public transaction ledger built in a network structure based on cryptographic principles so there does not need to be a centralized intermediary. Any kind of asset (art, car, home, financial contract) may be encoded into the blockchain and transacted, validated, or preserved in a much more efficient manner than at present including ideas, health data, financial assets, automobiles, and government documents. Blockchain technology applies well beyond cryptocurrencies, economics, and markets to all venues of human information processing, collaboration, and interaction including art, health, and literacy.
In recent times, there’s been a lot of mass traction and crazy talk that is going about the digital currency community. Many of the leading Organizations are experimenting with Blockchain Technology.
Blockchain Technology And CryptocurrencyEno Bassey
A brief presenation about blockchain and understand cryptocurrency. Find out what it is and why you need to know about it. How you can get involved and how it may change the world as we know it.
Expanding Beyond Cryptocurrency in the Digital World using Blockchain TechnologyYogeshIJTSRD
A blockchain is principally a distributed database of records or public ledger of all transactions or digital events that are executed and shared among the participating parties. Once entered, information can never be erased. The blockchain encompasses a precise and supportable record of each solo transaction ever made in the history of all the transactions. Bitcoin, the decentralized digital currency, is that the most well liked example that uses blockchain technology. The digital currency bitcoin itself is extremely controversial but the underlying blockchain technology has worked flawlessly and located a good range of applications in both the financial and nonfinancial world. Anirvan Vinod "Expanding Beyond Cryptocurrency in the Digital World using Blockchain Technology" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43871.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/43871/expanding-beyond-cryptocurrency-in-the-digital-world-using-blockchain-technology/anirvan-vinod
AI Health Agents: Longevity as a Service in the Web3 GenAI Quantum RevolutionMelanie Swan
Health Agents are a form of Math Agent as the concept of a personalized AI health advisor delivering “healthcare by app” instead of “sickcare by appointment.” Mobile devices
can check health 1000 times per minute as opposed to the standard one time per year doctor’s office visit, and model virtual patients in the digital twin app. As any AI agent, Health Agents “speak” natural language to humans and formal language to the computational infrastructure, possibly outputting the mathematics of personalized homeostatic health as part of their operation. Health Agents could facilitate the ability of physicians to oversee the health of thousands of individuals at a time. This could ease overstressed healthcare systems and contribute to physician well-being and the situation that (per the World Health Organization) more than half of the global population is still not covered by essential health services.
The computational infrastructure is becoming a vast interconnected fabric of formal methods, including per a major shift from 2d grids to 3d graphs in machine learning architectures
The implication is systems-level digital science at unprecedented scale for discovery in a diverse range of scientific disciplines
We know that we are in an AI take-off, what is new is that we are in a math take-off. A math take-off is using math as a formal language, beyond the human-facing math-as-math use case, for AI to interface with the computational infrastructure. The message of generative AI and LLMs (large language models like GPT) is not that they speak natural language to humans, but that they speak formal languages (programmatic code, mathematics, physics) to the computational infrastructure, implying the ability to create a much larger problem-solving apparatus for humanity-benefitting applications in biology, energy, and space science, however not without risk.
This work introduces “quantum intelligence” as a concept of intelligence for operating in the quantum realm may help in a potential AI-Quantum Computing convergence (~2030e), and towards the realization of SRAI for well-being (economics, health, energy, space). “Scale-free intelligence” is formulated as a generic capacity for learning.
AI did not spring onto the scene with chatGPT, but is in an ongoing multi-year adoption. A transition may be underway from an information society to a knowledge society (one tempered and specifically using knowledge to improve the human condition). AI is a dual-use technology with both significant risk and upleveling possibilities.
SRAI for well-being is a social objective, and also a technological objective. SRAI is part of AI development and within the technological trajectory of harnessing all scales of physical reality ranging from quantum materials to space exploration.
Conceptually, thinking in quantum and relativistic terms expands the physical worldview, and likewise the social worldview of entities inhabiting the larger world. Practically, SRAI may be realized in phases: short-term regulation and registries, medium-term agents learning to implement human values with internal reward functions, and long-term responsible human-AI entities acting in partnership in a future of SRAI for well-being.
The Human-AI Odyssey: Homerian Aspirations towards Non-labor IdentityMelanie Swan
The visionary progression in The Odyssey from shipbuilding to seafaring to advanced civilization informs contemporary tension in the human-AI relation forcing a broader articulation of human-identity beyond labor-identity. Edith Hall analyzes why one of the earliest known literatures, The Odyssey, remains a central cultural trope with numerous references in the storytelling vernacular of all eras, ranging from 1860s British theater to a highly-watched 1990 episode of The Simpsons. The argument is that The Odyssey provides a constant aspirational reference for human identity – who we think we are and where we are going on the epic journey of life, especially at the current crossroad in our relationship with technology.
The contemporary moment finds humanity, and the humanities, experiencing an identity crisis in the relationship with technology. Information science is having an ever more pervasive role in academia, and the machine economy continues to offload vast classes of tasks to labor-saving technology giving rise to two questions. First, at the level of labor-identity, humans wonder who they are as they have long defined their sense of self through their professional participation in the economy. Second, at the level of human-identity, with AI now performing cognitive labor in addition to physical labor, humans wonder if there is anything that remains uniquely human.
The effect of The Odyssey is to provide world-expanding imaginaries to change the way we see ourselves as subjects; in this way, Homer is an early modernist in reconfiguring our self-concept.
This work applies a philosophy (of literature)-aided information science method to discuss how Homer’s Odyssey persists as a literary imaginary to help us think through potential futures of human-AI flourishing as rapid automation continues to impact humanity. The intensity of the human-AI relation is likely to increase, which invites thought leadership to steward the transition to a potential AI abundance economy with fulfilling human-technology collaboration.
The shipbuilding-seafaring-advanced civilization progression in The Odyssey identifies that the human-AI relation is not one of the labor-identity-crisis of “robots stealing our jobs,” but rather one of the more difficult challenge of envisioning who we can be in the new larger world of human-AI partnership addressing a larger set of planetary-scale problems. Towards this new configuration of human-AI relation, the longer-term may hold radically different notions of identity, as we become physical-virtual hybrids, augmented post-disease entities in the health-faring, space-civilizing, energy-marshalling post-scarcity cultures of the future.
AdS Biology and Quantum Information ScienceMelanie Swan
Quantum Information Science is a fast-growing discipline advancing many areas of science such as cryptography, chemistry, finance, space science, and biology. In particular AdS/Biology, an interpretation of the AdS/CFT correspondence in biological systems, is showing promise in new biophysical mathematical models of topology (Chern-Simons (solvable QFT), knotting, and compaction). For example, one model of neurodegenerative disease takes a topological view of protein buildup (AB plaques and tau tangles in Alzheimer’s disease, alpha-synuclein in Parkinson’s disease, TDP-43 in ALS). AdS/Neuroscience methods are implicated in integrating multiscalar systems with different bulk-boundary space-time regimes (e.g. oncology tumors, fMRI + EEG imaging), entanglement (correlation) renormalization across scales (MERA, random tensor networks, melonic diagrams), entropy (possible system states), entanglement entropy (interrelated fluctuations and correlations across system tiers), and non-ergodicity (implied efficiency mechanisms since biology does not cycle through all possible configurations per temperature (thermotaxis), chemotaxis, and energy cues); Maxwell’s demon of biology (partition functions), conservation across system scales (biophysical gauge symmetry (system-wide conserved quantity)), and the presence of codes (DNA, codons, neural codes). A multiscalar AdS/CFT correspondence is mobilized in 4-tier ecosystem models (light-plankton-krill-whale and ion-synapse-neuron-network (AdS/Brain)).
Humanity’s constant project is expanding the range of attainable geography. Melville’s romance of the sea gives way to Kerouac’s romance of the road, and now the romance of space. In expanding into new geographies, markets (commerce) is the driving impulse, entailing a legal and judiciary system to order the new larger continuous marketplace, which brings a bigger overall scope of world under our control, and hence a new idea of who we are as subjects in this bigger domain.
Space Humanism is a concept of humanism based on the principles of inclusion, progress, and equity posited as a condition of possibility for a potential large-scale human movement into space. A philosophy of literature approach is used to contextualize Space Humanism, first through Melville-Foucault to articulate the mind-frame of extra-planetary geographies as one of human expansion, and second through posthuman philosophy extending from Shakespeare’s Renaissance humanism to contemporary enhancement-based theories of subjectivation.
Historical imaginaries outline subjectivation moments that have changed the whole notion who we are as humanity. Four examples are: the concept of the “new world” in Hegel’s philosophy, von Humboldt’s infographic maps, Baudelaire as the Painter of Modern Life, and Keats’s seeing the world in a new way upon reading an updated translation of Homer.
The reach to beyond-Earth geographies is a two-cultures project involving both arts and science. Technical competence is necessary to realize the aspirational, explorational, and survivalist aims of humanity pushing beyond planetary limits. Space was once a fantastic dream that is becoming quotidian with fourteen U.S. spaceports, six completed Blue Origin space tourist missions, and SpaceX having over 155 successful rocket launches including human space flights to and from the International Space Station. The notion of Space Human articulated through Shakespeare, Moby-Dick, and neuroenhancement informs the project of our reach to awaiting beyond-Earth geographies.
Quantum Information Science and Quantum Neuroscience.pptMelanie Swan
Mathematical advance in quantum information science is proceeding quickly and applies to many fields, particularly the complexities of neuroscience (here focusing on image-readable physical behaviors such as neural signaling, as opposed to higher-order operations of cognition, memory, and attention). Quantum mathematical models are extensible to neuroscience problem classes treating dynamical time series, diffusion, and renormalization in multiscalar systems. Approaches first reconstruct wavefunctions observed in EEG and fMRI scans. Second, single-neuron models (Hodgkin-Huxley, integrate-and-fire, theta neurons) and collective neuron models (neural field theories, Kuramoto oscillators) are employed to model empirical data. Third, genome physics is used to study time series sequence prediction in DNA, RNA, and proteins based on 3d+ complex geometry involving fields, curvature, knotting, and information compaction. Finally, quantum neuroscience physics is applied in AdS/Brain modeling, Chern-Simons biology (topological invariance), neuronal gauge theories, network neuroscience, and the chaotic dynamics of bifurcation and bistability (to explain epileptic and resting states). The potential benefit of this work is an improved understanding of disease and pathology resolution in humans.
Quantum information science enables a new tier of scientific problem-solving as exemplified in early-adopter fields, foundational tools in quantum cryptography, quantum machine learning, and quantum chemistry (molecular quantum mechanics), and advanced applications in quantum space science, quantum finance, and quantum biology
Grammatology and Performativity: A Critical Theory of Silence: Silence is a crucial device for subversion, opposition, and socio-political commentary, the theoretical underpinnings of which are just starting to be understood. This work illuminates another position in the growing field of critical silence studies, theorizing silence as an asset whose ontological value has been lost in a world of literal and figurative noise. Part 1 philosophizes silence as a continuation of Derrida’s grammatology project. Such a grammatology of silence valorizes silent thinking over noisy speaking, and identifies the deconstructive binary pairing not as silence-speaking, but rather as silence-noise. Noise has a simultaneous physical-virtual existence as Shannon entropy calculates signal-to-noise ratios in modern communications networks. Part 2 employs the philosophy of noise to assess what is conceptually necessary to overcome noise in a critical theory of silence. Malaspina draws from Simondon to argue that noise is a form of individuation, essentially a living thing with unstoppable growth potential, not defined by a binary on-off switch but as a matter of gradation. Hence different theory resources are required to oppose it. Part 3 then develops a critical theory of silence to oppose noise in both its physical and virtual instantiations, with the two arms of a deeply human positive performativity (Szendy, Bennett) and a beyond-computational posthumanism (Puar). The result is a novel critical theory of silence as positive performativity that destabilizes noise and recoups the ontological status of silence as not merely an empty post-modern reification but a meaningful actuality.
Philosophy-aided Physics at the Boundary of Quantum-Classical Reality The philosophical themes of truth-knowledge and appearance-reality are used to interrogate the contemporary situation of the quantum-classical boundary, and more broadly the quantum-classical-relativistic stratification of physical scale boundaries. The contemporary moment finds us at breakneck pace in the industrial information revolution, digitizing remaining matter-based industries into a seamless exchange between physical-digital reality. Digitized news is giving way to digitized money and perhaps in the farther future, digitized mindfiles (such as personalized connectome files for precision medicine, autologous (own-DNA) stem cell therapies, and CRISPR for Alzheimer’s disease prevention). Our technologies are allowing us control over vast new domains, the relativistic with GPS and space-faring, and the quantum with quantum computing, harnessing the properties of superposition, entanglement, and interference. Philosophy provides critical thinking tools that can help us understand and master these rapid shifts in science and technology to avoid an Adornian instrumental reality (subsuming humanity under societal structures) and to maintain a Heideggerian backgrounded and enabling relation with technology (versus technology enframing us into mindless standing reserve).
The philosophical theme underlying the investigation of the scales of planets, persons, and particles is the relationship between truth and knowledge (or appearance and reality). The truth-knowledge problem is whether knowledge of the truth, true knowledge, the reality under the appearance, is even possible. Three salient moments in the history of the truth-knowledge problem are examined here. These are the German idealism of Kant and Hegel, the deconstructive postmodernism of Foucault and Derrida, and the unclear leanings of the current moment. The German idealism lens incorporates the self-knowing subject as agent into the truth and knowledge problem. The postmodernist view breaks with the subject and emphasizes the hidden opposites in the formulations, the constant reinterpretation of meaning, and porous boundaries. The contemporary moment wonders whether truth-knowledge boundaries still hold, in a Benjaminian view of non-identity between truth and knowledge, and truth increasingly being seen as a Foucauldian biopolitical manufactured quantity. Contemporaneity has a bimodal distribution of the subject: the hyperself (the constantly digitally represented selfie self) and the alienated post-subject subject.
These moments in the truth and knowledge debate inflect into the scale considerations of relativity, classicality, and quantum mechanics. Whereas general relativity and quantum mechanics are domains of universality, totality, and multiplicity, everyday classical reality is squeezed in as a belt between the two multiplicities as the concretion of drawing a triangle or tossing a ball. Recasting truth and k
Comprehensive philosophical programs arise within a historical context (for Hegel and Derrida in the democracy-shaping moments of the French Revolution (1789) and the student-worker protests (1968) in which French politics serve as a global harbinger of contemporary themes). In the Derrida-Hegel relationship, there is more rapprochement concerning core notions of difference, history, and meaning-assignation than may have been realized. In particular, Hegel’s philosophy, despite being assumed to be a totalizing system, in fact indicates precisely some of the same kinds of revised metaphysics-of-presence formulations that Derrida exhorts, namely those that are flexible, expansive, and include non-identity and identity.
A crucial Derrida-Hegel interchange is that of différance and difference. Derrida develops the notion directly from Hegel (“Différance,” “The Pit and the Pyramid”), but only draws from the Encyclopedia, not Hegel’s masterwork, the Phenomenology of Spirit. For Derrida, the “A” in différance is inspired by the form of the pyramid in the capitalized letter and in Hegel’s comparing the sign “to the Egyptian Pyramid” (“Différance,” p. 3). Derrida invokes the symbolism of the pyramid, antiquity, and Egyptian hieroglyphics as an early semiotic system. However, when considering Hegel’s central definition of difference in the dialectical progression of thesis-antithesis-synthesis in the Phenomenology of Spirit (§§159-163), the articulations of différance and difference are remarkably aligned.
Parallel formulations are also seen in history as a series of reinterpretable events, and indexical wrappers as a mechanism for meaning assignation. The thinkers examine the universal and the particular by exploring regulative mechanisms such as law (natural and social). In Glas, Derrida highlights not the singular-universal relation, but the law of singularity and the law of universality relation as being relevant to Hegel’s Antigone interpretation (Glas, p. 142a), a theme continued in “Before the Law.” Finally (time permitting), there is a question whether the most valid critiques of Hegel (Nietzsche’s unreason and Benjamin’s non-synthesis), as alternatives to Hegelian dialectics, are visible in Derrida’s thought.
The upshot is that the two thinkers produce similar formulations, derived from different trajectories of philosophical work; a situation which points to the potential universality of fundamental solution classes to open-ended philosophical problems, including the future of democracy.
Quantum Moreness: Kantian Time and the Performative Economics of Multiplicity
There is no domain with greater moreness than that of the quantum. A philosophy-aided physics approach (postmodernism and Continental philosophy) examines the contemporary situation of quantum moreness (more time and space dimensions than are available classically). Quantum moreness is configured by quantum reality being probabilistic; a multiplicity of outcomes all co-existing in superposition until collapsed in measurement. The quantum mindset uses quantum moreness to solve problems by thinking in terms of the greater scalability afforded in time and space with the quantum properties of superposition, entanglement, and interference. Quantum studies fields proliferate in arts and sciences, raising the Levi-Straussian raw-cooked dilemma of how “traditional humanities” are to be named alongside “digital humanities” and “quantum humanities.” Kant facilitates the conceptualization of quantum moreness by insisting on the dual nature of time as transcendentally ideal and empirically real. Kant’s moreness is allness, the absolute totality and multiplicity of time at the ideal level. Each faculty (sensibility, understanding, reason) has its own species of the a priori synthetic unity of ideal time that precedes and conditions the operation of the faculty. Each faculty also has a concretized formulation of empirically-real time as the time series, which is the basis for the faculties to interoperate to perform the conception of any empirical object. Kant’s achievement of time interoperability has potential extensibility to other areas of temporal incompatibility such as the scales of general relativity, Newtonian mechanics (human-scale), and quantum mechanics. The quantum moreness mindset with which Kant connects the ideal-real is visible in the domain of economics, itself too an ideal-real construction. The quantum moreness of money configures the postmodern abstraction of global cryptocurrencies and smart contract pledges, the implicative hope of which is a post-debt capital world that restores the human esprit in the face of an increasingly intense technologized reality.
Blockchain Crypto Jamming: Subverting the Instrumental Economy
The ultimate subversion is money, refusing the pecuniary resources of the state. This project applies a philosophical and critical theory lens to examine the use of nomenclature in one of the most radical longitudinal transformations in contemporary times, the shift away from state-run monetary resources towards cryptocurrencies and smart contracts in citizen-determined decentralized financial networks.
A Cryptoeconomic Theory of Social Change is presented in which linguistic progression serves as a tracking mechanism. The steps to lasting change have their own vocabulary (Brandom). First, there is the social critique, the complaint about what is wrong, the negative side (Adorno and Horkheimer highlight instrumental reason and the empty culture industry). Second, there is the antidote, an alternative that can overcome the complaint, the positive side. Third, the solution becomes the new reality, and as a consequence, the whole of reality is now seen in this context, adopting its vocabulary (“fiat health” system for example, referring to the antiquated method). The social movement graduates from language game (Wittgenstein) to form of life (Jaeggi).
Blockchains are Occupy with teeth, notable in the level of personal responsibility-taking by individuals to steward their own financial resources. The crypto citizen is not merely trading CryptoKitties and Bored Ape Yacht Club tokens, but getting blocktime loans through DeFi liquidity pools instead of fiat banks, earning labor income in crypto, and shifting all economic activity to blockchain networks. The artworld signals mainstream acceptance with Christie’s non-fungible token digital artwork auctioned from Beeple for $61 million. At the global level, coin communities constitute a new form of Kardashev-level (planetary-scale) democracy. Blockchains emerge as a robust smart network automation technology for super-class projects ranging from space-faring to quantum computing and thought-tokening. The further stakes of this work are having a language-based theory of social change with broad applicability to social transformation.
This work argues that the emerging understanding of time in quantum information science can be articulated as a philosophical theory of change. Change and time are interrelated, and one can be used to interrogate the other, namely, a theory of change can be derived from a theory of time. What is new in quantum science is time being regarded as just another property to be engineered. At the quantum scale, time is reversible in certain ways, which is quite different from the everyday experience of time whose unidirectional arrow does not allow a dropped egg to reassemble. At the quantum scale of atoms, though, a particle retains the history of its trajectory, which may be retraced before collapsed in measurement.
Quantum scientists evolve systems backward and forward in time, controlling phase transitions with Floquet engineering. Quantum systems are entangled in time and space, with temporal correlations exhibiting greater multiplicity than spatial correlations. The chaotic time regimes of ballistic spread followed by saturation are implemented in quantum walks for faster search and heightened cryptosecurity. In quantum neuroscience, seizure may be explained by chaotic dynamics and normal resting state by Floquet-like periodic cycles. Time is revealed to have the same kinds of repeating structures as space (described by entanglement, symmetry, and topology), differently instantiated and controlled.
The quantum understanding of time can be propelled into a macroscale-theory of change through its connotation of a more flexible, malleable, probabilistic interface with reality. Change becomes less rigid. Probability is the lever of change, but notoriously difficult for humans to grasp, as we think better in storylines than statistics. The idea of manipulating quantum system properties in which time, space, dynamics (change), are all just parameters, is an empowering frame for the acceptance of change. The quantum mindset affords greater facility with probability-driven events (change).
Blockchains in Space: Non-Euclidean Spacetime and Tokenized Thinking - Two requirements for the large-scale beyond-terrestrial expansion of human intelligence into the universe are the ability to operate in diverse spatiotemporal regimes and to instantiate thinking in various formats. Newtonian mechanics describe everyday reality, but Einsteinian physics is needed for GPS and the orbital technologies of telescopes and spacecraft. Space agencies already integrate the Earth-day and the slightly-longer Martian-sol. A more substantial move into space requires facility with non-Euclidean spacetimes. One challenge is that general relativity and quantum mechanics are non-interoperable. However, the theories can be formulated together when considering black holes and quantum computing since geometric theories and gauge theories are both field-based. Quantum blockchains instantiate blockchain logic in quantum computational environments. Blockchains have their own temporal regime (blocktime: the number of blocks for an event to occur), and hence quantum blocktime is a non-classical functionality for operating in diverse spatiotemporal regimes. Thinking is a rule-based activity that is unrestricted by medium. Central to thinking is concepts, which are referenced by words. Word-types include universals, particulars, and indexicals which can be encoded into a formal system as thought-tokens, and registered to blockchains. Blockchains are contemplated as an automation technology for asteroid mining and space settlement construction, and thought-tokening adds an intelligence layer. Time and tokenized thinking come together in the idea of smart networks in space. In blockchain quantum smart networks, spatiotemporal regimes and thought-tokens are simply different value types (asset classes) coordinated with blockchain logic, towards the aim of extending human capabilities into the farther reaches of space.
Cryptography, entanglement, and quantum blocktime: Quantum computing offers a more scalable energy-efficient platform than classical computing and supercomputing, and corresponds more naturally to the three-dimensional structure of atomic reality. Blockchains are a decentralized digital economic system made possible by the 24-7 global nature of the internet.
Quantum Neuroscience: CRISPR for Alzheimer’s, Connectomes & Quantum BCIsMelanie Swan
This talk provides an introduction to quantum computing and how it may be deployed to study the human brain and its diseases of pathology and aging. Refined to its present state over centuries, the brain is one of the most complex systems known, with 86 billion neurons and 242 trillion synapses connected in intricate patterns and rewired by synaptic plasticity. Research continues to illuminate the mysteries of the brain. Quantum computing provides a more capacious architecture with greater scalability and energy efficiency than current methods of classical computing and supercomputing, and more naturally corresponds to the three-dimensional structure of atomic reality. The vision for quantum neuroscience is to model the nature of the brain exactly as it is, in three-dimensional atomically-accurate representations. Neuroscience (particularly genetic disease modeling, connectomics, and synaptomics) could be the “killer application” of quantum computing. Implementations in other industries are also important, including in quantum finance, quantum cryptography using Shor’s factoring algorithm (“the Y2K of Crypto”), Grover’s search, quantum chemistry, eigensolvers, quantum machine learning, and continuous-time quantum walks. Quantum computing is a high-profile worldwide scientific endeavor with platforms currently available via cloud services (IBM Q 27-qubit, IonQ 32-qubit, Rigetti 19Q Acorn) and is in the process of being applied in various industries including computational neuroscience.
Art Theory: Two Cultures Synthesis of Art and ScienceMelanie Swan
Thesis: Aesthetic resources contribute broadly to the human endeavor of progress, self-understanding, and science, beyond the immediate experience of art. Aesthetic Resources are frameworks, concepts, and modes of expression in art, literature, and philosophy that capture the imagination and the intellect through the senses. The role of art is to inspire the future: the romance of the sea, the open road, space.
The arts are a hallmark of civilization, but can their benefit be crystallized as aesthetic resources that can be mobilized to new situations? How can aesthetic resources help in moments of crisis?
A worldwide social identity crisis has been provoked by pandemic recovery, politics, equity, and environmental sustainability. Philosophical and aesthetic resources can help. Understanding art as a reflection of who we are as individuals and groups, this talk explores conceptualizations of art, with examples, in different periodizations from the 1800s to the present. A marquis definition as to what constitutes an artwork is Adorno’s, for whom the work must promulgate its own natural law and engage in novel materials manipulation. For many theorists, art is the pressing of our self-concept into concrete materiality (whether pyramids, sculpture, or painting). What do contemporary periodizations of art mean to our current and forward-looking self-concept? Recent eras include the neo-avant-gardes of 1945, the conceptual art of the 1960s, and post-conceptual art starting in the 1970s, produced generatively with found materials, the digital domain, and audience interactivity. What is the now-current idea of art? Is today’s Baudelairian flâneur and Balzacian modern hero incarnated in the quantum aesthetic imaginary and the digital cryptocitizen? Far from an “end of art” thesis sometimes attributed to Hegel, aesthetic practices are more relevant than ever. Individually and societally, we are reinventing creative energy and productive imagination in venues from science, technology, health, and biology to the arts.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
Search and Society: Reimagining Information Access for Radical FuturesBhaskar Mitra
The field of Information retrieval (IR) is currently undergoing a transformative shift, at least partly due to the emerging applications of generative AI to information access. In this talk, we will deliberate on the sociotechnical implications of generative AI for information access. We will argue that there is both a critical necessity and an exciting opportunity for the IR community to re-center our research agendas on societal needs while dismantling the artificial separation between the work on fairness, accountability, transparency, and ethics in IR and the rest of IR research. Instead of adopting a reactionary strategy of trying to mitigate potential social harms from emerging technologies, the community should aim to proactively set the research agenda for the kinds of systems we should build inspired by diverse explicitly stated sociotechnical imaginaries. The sociotechnical imaginaries that underpin the design and development of information access technologies needs to be explicitly articulated, and we need to develop theories of change in context of these diverse perspectives. Our guiding future imaginaries must be informed by other academic fields, such as democratic theory and critical theory, and should be co-developed with social science scholars, legal scholars, civil rights and social justice activists, and artists, among others.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...
Bitcoin Protocols 1.0 and 2.0 Explained in the Series: Blockchain: The Information Technology of the Future
1. Bitcoin Protocols 1.0 and 2.0 Explained
October 11, 2014
Bitcoin Meetup
Slides: http://slideshare.net/LaBlogga
Blockchain: The Information
Technology of the Future
Melanie Swan
melanie@BlockchainStudies.org
www.BlockchainStudies.org
2. What is the Blockchain?
October 11, 2014
Blockchain Technology
1
We should think about the blockchain as another class of
thing like the Internet – a comprehensive information
technology with tiered technical levels and multiple
classes of applications for any form of asset registry,
inventory, and exchange, including every area of finance,
economics, and money; hard assets (physical property);
and intangible assets (votes, ideas, reputation, intention,
health data, information, etc.). In fact the blockchain
concept is even more, it is a new organizing paradigm.
– Melanie Swan, Founder, Institute for Blockchain Studies
3. New VC investment cycle: Blockchain Tech
October 11, 2014
Blockchain Technology
“The blockchain is the core innovation,”
Marc Andreessen, CoinSummit (Mar 2014)
“We want a whole sequence of companies: digital
title, digital media assets, digital stocks and bonds,
digital crowdfunding, digital insurance. If you have
online trust like the blockchain provides, you can
reinvent field after field after field.”
2
http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-03-28/bitcoin-2-0-shows-technology-evolving-beyond-use-as-money.html
4. About Melanie Swan
Traditional Background
October 11, 2014
Blockchain Technology
3
New market startups:
Grouppurchase
Prediction Markets
Quantitative Methods
Virtual World Valuation Blockchain Futures
http://www.slideshare.net/lablogga/singularity-university-live-prediction-markets-simulation-big-data-indicators
http://www.slideshare.net/lablogga/virtual-worlds-economy
5. Agenda for Blockchain Futures
Blockchain Industry Status
Bitcoin Protocol 1.0
Bitcoin 2.0 Protocols
Bitcoin 2.0 Platform: Ethereum
Appendix: Bitcoin Basics
October 11, 2014
Blockchain Technology
4
Based on information synthesized from Internet resources including cryptocurrency expert Andreas
M. Antonopoulos and Ethereum project members (Vitalik Buterin, Gavin Wood, Stephan Tual)
6. What is Bitcoin? Terminology confusion
The term Bitcoin is used to refer to 3 things:
1. The underlying technology concept/platform
2. The protocol for using this technology platform
3. The currency for transactions using this protocol
It is as if Paypal called the Internet Paypal, upon which
the Paypal protocol was run to transfer Paypal currency
Instead, more appropriate terminology is
1. Blockchain technology: the underlying technology platform
(decentralized digital transaction ledger; an information
technology akin as a ‘class of thing’ to the Internet)
2. Bitcoin protocol: transaction system to move value between
parties without third party interaction
3. Bitcoin currency (denoted as btc): the bitcoin coins
October 11, 2014
Blockchain Technology
5
7. What is the Blockchain?
October 11, 2014
Blockchain Technology
6
Decentralized transaction database shared by all
network nodes, owned, updated, and monitored by
everyone, controlled by no one
Like a giant interactive spreadsheet everyone has access to and
updates to confirm that the digital transactions are unique
Solution to the double-spend problem
Previously, a centralized third party had to issue and reconcile
digital cash transactions to prevent the electronic cash from
being spent multiple times (easy to copy digital assets)
BitTorrent P2P file-sharing technology plus public key
cryptography combined to make a new form of currency
Name blockchain: literally transactions grouped into
blocks and posted sequentially in a chain to the ledger
8. Blockchain explorer allows viewing of latest
transactions posting to the Ledger
October 11, 2014
Blockchain Technology
7
10. Proposed Blockchain Uses
Decentralized transaction ledger could be used to encode
and confirm/transfer all property
Financial
Currency, Stock, Private Equity, Bonds, Derivatives, Crowdfunding
Public Records
Land Titles, Vehicle Registries, Business Licenses, Passports,
Voter IDs, Death Certificates, Proof of Insurance
Private Records
Contracts, Signatures, Wills, Trusts, Escrows
Physical Asset Keys
Home, Hotel Rooms, Rental Cars, Car Keys
Intangibles: Patents, Trademarks, Reservations, Domain Names
October 11, 2014
Blockchain Technology
9
http://ledracapital.com/blog/2014/3/11/bitcoin-series-24-the-mega-master-blockchain-
list
11. Blockchain Industry Status
Bitcoin protocol ossifying (like IPv4: victory by diffusion)
To be stabilized within 2 years for 30 years
Harder to make any changes: 6 constituencies for consensus
1. Miners (independents, pools, ASICs)
2. Merchant processing gateways
3. Web wallet companies (Blockchain.info)
4. Exchanges (Coinbase, Bitstamp)
5. Users/consumers
6. Hardware manufacturers (TREZOR)
TREZOR
hardware wallet
Impossible for new alt.coins to get network effect traction
Bitcoin developer focus
BIP0032 spec
Hierarchical deterministic wallet trees, sidechains (btc-pegged)
October 11, 2014
Blockchain Technology
10
12. Bitcoin code on github
October 11, 2014
Blockchain Technology
https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/graphs/contributors 11
13. Bitcoin Protocol 1.0 and 2.0
Bitcoin 1.0: democratization of money, payments
Bitcoin 2.0: democratization of markets (‘web -> Amzn’)
Not just currency, contracts, property, savings accounts
Financial instruments: stock, bonds, derivatives
Decentralized exchanges
Decentralized applications (DAOs)
Decentralized companies (DACs)
1.0 protocol: various technical limitations
Multi-signature, blockchain bloat, processing
Irreversible transactions, one asset per token
Anonymity, fungibility, scalability, vulnerability (51% attacks)
Robust Turing-complete protocol system, scripting language
October 11, 2014
Blockchain Technology
12
14. Bitcoin 2.0 Protocol Projects/Companies
Similar fungible functionality, application-specific foci
Bitcoin overlay (‘HTTP/HTML/SMTP to Bitcoin’s TCP/IP’)
Colored Coins: issue your own currency on the bitcoin network
(by adding metadata to Bitcoin transaction)
Counterparty: a decentralized exchange between alt.currencies
Mastercoin: financial derivatives
ZeroCoin, NXT
Alt.chains: Separate blockchains (‘new TCP/IP’)
Namecoin: decentralized domain name registry
Ripple: gateway, payment, exchange, remittance network
BitShares: decentralized crypto-equity share exchange
Ethereum: decentralized Turing-complete platform
October 11, 2014
Blockchain Technology
13
15. Bitcoin/Blockchain Sector Funding (as of Oct 2014)
$300 million venture capital
$30 million crowdfunding
https://bitcoinstarter.com/, http://coinfunder.com/
October 11, 2014
Blockchain Technology
14
http://www.coindesk.com/will-bitcoin-venture-capital-investment-reach-300m-2014/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_highest_funded_crowdfunding_projects
16. Bitcoin 2.0 Protocols: Difference Parameters
How plugs into Bitcoin ecosystem
Own blockchain or overlay to bitcoin
Functions of own currency (issue and retire assets)
Money supply
Fixed, growth-specified (inflationary, deflationary)
Mined, pre-mined
Currency/tokens: native, fiat, other cryptocurrency
How blocks are created (transactions fees and
rewards)
Consensus, proof-of-work, proof-of-stake, hybrid,
proof-of-burn; code feature bounties
Issuance (crowdfunding, venture capital)
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Source: Piotr Piasecki 15
17. $18.4m USD Ethereum Fundraising 7/2014
Initial Sale
(Sliding) 2,000 ether to 1 bitcoin or $620
60m Ether (ETH) sold ($1 USD ~ 3.25 ETH)
Dev offices in Berlin (expanding to ~20)
Ongoing Macroeconomic Policy
Ether has build-in increase of overall money
supply at fixed rate
40% of the amount raised in the fundraiser will
be the annual increase in money supply
Ether subunits
Finney (10-3), szabo (10-6), shannon (10-9),
babbage (10-12)
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Vitalik Buterin, Creator
Gavin Wood, Architect
16
Stephan Tual, CCO
http://www.businessinsider.com/ethereum-launches-ether-2014-7
18. The Ethereum Project
Complete Step 3 of Satoshi Nakamoto’s original plan
1. (The blockchain) Decentralized database, put assets into a
transparent ledger, everyone has a copy
2. (The bitcoin protocol) Transaction system to move value
between parties without third party interaction
3. Robust scripting system; instead of just sending currency, send
contracts, smart property; requires Turing completeness
‘General-purpose’ cryptocurrency network
A decentralized publishing platform featuring stateful
user-created digital contracts and a Turing-complete
contract programming language
Chain implementation & contracts with shared mining
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19. Smart Contracts: Programmable Money
Multisignature (multiparty) escrows (~Bitrated 2.0)
Financial exchanges
Savings Accounts
Domain name registries
Self-enforcing contracts and agreements
Crowdfunding platforms, Prediction markets
Smart property
Intellectual property
Voting systems
Company governance
Nationstate constitution and bill of rights
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20. Write your own Smart Contracts
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19 http://forum.ethereum.org/discussion/1402/how-to-get-started-your-first-dapp-under-one-hour
21. Example: Smart Property
Instead of trading coin, shares, trade/buy-sell assets
Encode asset to the blockchain via unique key
Trade cars on the blockchain through a decentralized
exchange
Entire used auto market trades via blockchain
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Blockchain becomes
an inventory,
tracking, and
exchange mechanism
for all hard assets
23. The key benefit of Ethereum for the automated-economy is that
it is a Turing-complete VM
Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM)
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The Ethereum blockchain is…
A blockchain with a built-in programming language
The decentralized, massively replicated database in which the
current state of all accounts is stored
A consensus-based globally executed virtual machine
The Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) handles internal
state and computation
Large decentralized computer with millions of account objects
Each account object
Has its own internal code
Contains a 32-byte key/value database called storage
Can call or send messages to other objects
https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/Ethereum-Development-Tutorial
24. Tech Specs
Accounts stored in a Patricia tree (like a Merkle tree)
A root hash refers to the entire tree;
tree contents cannot be modified
without changing the root hash
A miner produces a new block each
minute with the latest transactions and
the root hash of the Patricia tree
representing the new state
4-tuple stored per account
[account_nonce, ether_balance, code_hash, storage_root]
account_nonce: the number of transactions sent from the account
(kept to prevent replay attacks)
ether_balance: the balance of the account
code_hash: the hash of the code if the account is a contract
storage_root: the root of another Patricia tree with the storage data
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https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/Ethereum-Development-Tutorial
25. Ethereum Contract Processing
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Two account object types
Contract
EOA (externally owned account)
Contract receives a message and runs the code
Ability to read/write to its own internal storage
Read the storage of the received message
Send messages to other contracts, and to itself
The contract is the code that executes the contract
Contract can interact with the world outside the EVM
EOA (externally owned account) messages the contract
Transaction is sent signed by the EOA’s private key
Advanced: SchellingCoin Universal Data Feed for derivatives
(minimal trust, two-step commitment protocol per round)
https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/Ethereum-Development-Tutorial
https://blog.ethereum.org/2014/03/28/schellingcoin-a-minimal-trust-universal-data-feed/
26. Ethereum Contract Example
GavCoin is stored as
entries in the GavCoin
contract's database
The bet contract sees the
temperature and messages
the GavCoin contract to
payout (object autonomy)
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GavCoin weather bet between Bob and Alice
Automated EVM communications
Heterogeneous user security preferences
A transaction is sent, triggering forwarding contract
and EAO messaging
EAO (externally owned account)
https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/Ethereum-Development-Tutorial
27. EVM Operation / “Gas” Fees
Ethereum consensus model
Each operation executed in the EVM is simultaneously executed
by every full node
Benefit: any contract on the EVM can call any other contract at
almost zero cost
Cost: computational steps on the EVM are very expensive
Transaction fee and block operation limit
The Ethereum protocol charges a market-based fee in ether per
computational step (prevent deliberate attacks and abuse)
Floating limit on the number of operations contained in a block
Even miners who can afford to include transactions at close to
no cost are forced to charge a fee commensurate with the cost of
the transaction to the entire network
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https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/Ethereum-Development-Tutorial
28. Smart Contract-DOA/DAC Progression
Smart Contract
Transaction protocol that executes the terms of a contract
Smart property: property whose ownership is controlled via the
blockchain using contracts (examples: cars, phones, houses)
Đapp (Decentralized Application)
Contract plus graphical interface for contract execution
JavaScript API ‘eth object’ interacts with Ethereum blockchain
DAO (Decentralized Autonomous Organization)
Self-enforcing smart contract (group of contracts) on a
cryptographic blockchain, multiparty complexity
(Like remittances) avoid local business jurisdictional costs
Own Ethereum address (key) and balance, send and receive
transactions, EtherScript scripts can modify their own code
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http://www.slideshare.net/mids106/ethereum-decentralized-autonomous-organizations
Egalitarian DAO contract explained: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q_gxDytSvuY
29. Decentralized Autonomous Corporations
DACs, automated markets, and tradenets
Fully-autonomous business entity
Autonomous property, example: self-owned, self-driving car
Example:
Vehicles use the tradenet to find
customers and bid for road space
Storj.io (decentralized cloud storage) - Gregory Maxwell
MetaDisk: upload your data to the Storj network
DriveShare: earn money by being a part of the Storj network
Doesn’t work on bitcoin due to scripting language limitations
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http://www.slideshare.net/mikehearn/future-of-money-26663148, http://storj.io/
http://bitcoinmagazine.com/7050/bootstrapping-a-decentralized-autonomous-corporation-part-i/
30. Tech Specs
State Machine, Languages, and Code
Current Release
Proof of concept build - PoC5, GitHub release on July 22, 2014
with the launch of the Ether pre-sale
EVM computation via a stack-based bytecode language
Bitcoin Script, traditional assembly, and Lisp
A program in EVM is a sequence of opcodes
Contract programming with high-level languages
LLL, serpent, Mutan compiles into EVM
Create contracts by sending the transaction containing the EVM
bytecode
One-click installation for everything (like mobile apps)
Ecosystem Plug-and-play: Wallet, Open Transactions, Ripple
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31. Classes of Ethereum Applications
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Finance and Economics
BitCloud (decentralized escrow), OpenLibernet (open comms)
Debt market, futures (derivatives), savings
Voting (Futarchy, Liquid Democracy)
Resource exchange: eBay, Amazon, Uber, AirBnB
Functions: authentication, validation, escrow, delivery
P2P Package Courier Service (notified as you leave location)
Real-time cost-based data center storage swapping
Loyalty, everyone’s own currency: JefCoin
Automated markets, tradenets
Economics: transactions/contracts pay-on-board network Ether
GBI (Guaranteed Basic Income) – Switzerland freicoin
32. One use for Ethereum
Blockchain Genomics
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Jurisdictional regulation prevents
individuals from having access to
their own genetic data
http://genomesunzipped.org/2011/03/people-have-a-right-to-access-their-own-genetic-
information.php
33. Alt.apps: Blockchain Health
Using blockchain tech for health-related applications
1. Personal Health Record Storage
Personal health records stored and administered via blockchain
Users key-permission doctors and other parties into records
2. Health Research Commons
Aggregated personal medical records, quantified self data
commons (DNA.bits)
3. Health Document Notary Services
Proof-of-insurance, test results, prescriptions, status, condition,
treatment, physician referrals
4. Doctor Vendor RFP Services
(Like Uber drivers) doctors and health practices bid to supply
medical services; automated bidding via tradenets
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http://futurememes.blogspot.fr/2014/09/blockchain-health-remunerative-health.html
34. Demurrage Blockchain Health
Demurrage currency: built-in mechanism for
spend/action-taking
Freicoin: Switzerland GBI (Guaranteed Basic Income)
GBHA (Guaranteed Basic Health Initiative): paid out and payable
in HealthCoin; HSA (Health Savings Account) 2.0
Fitbit and smartwatch are demurrage health currencies
Health itself as a demurrage currency, a continually
auto-redistributing commodity among synapses, cells,
humans; body and brain as a DAO/DAC AI
Concept: demurrage resource-allocation + Đapp
Automatic redistribution of any commodity within a system (brain or mindfile
(potentiation, optogenetic stimulation)), body (‘health’ (oxygen, waste removal
nanobots, circulating lab-on-chips)), work team (ideas), society (liberty)
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Fitbit is a demurrage (action-inciting) health currency
35. Alt.apps: Blockchain Futures
Any venue for decentralized contracts (Đapp)
‘Bitcoin MOOCs’ (‘Kickstarter for literacy’)
Like remittances, blockchain-improved aid, microcredit,
development economics 2.0
Write Ethereum Literacy Contracts to emerging market peers
Reading, Technical, Agricultural, Vocational Literacy
New implementation of education in the blockchain
Blockchains as a public good
Wikileaks, ICANN, Wikipedia, Genomics
Uplifted to cloud from jurisdiction
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36. Alt.apps: Blockchain Futures
Community supercomputing time
Blockchain tech as resource allocation for science efforts
Funding markets like crypto-equity and crowdfunding for any
resource
Reputation systems (OpenBazaar), insurance
(SchellingQuake), Key recovery (wallet key protection)
Blockchain GAAP: valuation, amortization, retirement
Intangible asset encoding, tracking, and trade
Attention, intention, reputation, health, ideas
Cryptoledger, financial cryptography, consensus-based
ledger: revolutionizing concept for traditional institutions
and startups in finance and beyond
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38. Tech Specs
Ethereum JavaScript API: eth object
Ethereum contract execution interface is implemented as
an HTML/CSS/JS webpage
JavaScript API, eth object interacts with the Ethereum
blockchain, JavaScript API components:
eth.transact(from, ethervalue, to, data, gaslimit, gasprice) - sends a transaction to the desired
address from the desired address (note: from must be a private key and to must be an
address in hex form) with the desired parameters
(string).pad(n) - converts a number, encoded as a string, to binary form n bytes long
eth.gasPrice - returns the current gas price
eth.secretToAddress(key) - converts a private key into an address
eth.storageAt(acct, index) - returns the desired account's storage entry at the desired index
eth.key - the user's private key
eth.watch(acct, index, f) - calls f when the given storage entry of the given account changes
Required: Ethereum client (not regular web browser)
JavaScript API example: see source of link below
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https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/Ethereum-Development-Tutorial
40. Resources
Coindesk (Bloomberg of Bitcoin)
http://www.coindesk.com
Let’s Talk Bitcoin podcast
http://letstalkbitcoin.com/
Industry experts
‘Crypto-guru’ Andreas Antonopoulos http://antonopoulos.com
Economist Susan Athey (Stanford, Microsoft, Ripple)
http://www.coindesk.com/professor-susan-athey-people-use-bitcoin-intrinsic-value/
Overview News Articles
SATOSHI'S REVOLUTION: How The Creator Of Bitcoin May Have
Stumbled Onto Something Much, Much Bigger
http://www.businessinsider.com/the-future-of-the-blockchain-2014-4
Future of Bitcoin & Math-Based Digital Currencies
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yg1JnbIS60g
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41. Resources
Ethereum
http://www.reddit.com/r/ethereum/
https://www.youtube.com/user/EtherCasts
https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki
Ethereum Development Tutorial
White paper, Yellow Paper (http://gavwood.com/Paper.pdf)
Bitcoin Original White Paper
Satoshi Nakamoto’s design for the blockchain (2008)
https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf
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42. Image credit: M. Ghezel
October 11, 2014
Bitcoin Meetup
Slides: http://slideshare.net/LaBlogga
Blockchain: The Information
Technology of the Future
Melanie Swan
melanie@BlockchainStudies.org
www.BlockchainStudies.org
Thank You! Questions?
44. Cryptocurrency Market Cap Tracking
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https://coinmarketcap.com/
45. What is Bitcoin?
Digital currency, payments system, decentralized ledger
History: by combining BitTorrent technology (peer-to-peer
file sharing) and public key cryptography a new
form of currency was made possible
Arose as a solution to the double-spend problem
Prior to bitcoin and the blockchain concept, a centralized third
party had to issue and reconcile digital cash transactions to
prevent the digital cash from being spent multiple times (digital
cash, like an image attached to an email, can be copied infinite
times like any digital cash)
Implication: any transaction on the Web can be
decentralized and stripped of a controlling authority
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http://codinginmysleep.com/bitcoin-mining-in-plain-english/, https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/White-Paper
http://offtheblockchain.com/2014/02/22/read-the-original-satoshi-nakamoto-bitcoin-white-paper/
46. Economic Arguments for Bitcoin
Banking services market: 5 billion
individuals worldwide without
access to banking, financial, credit
services
Remittances market: $4T global
market 5-30% transaction fee,
immediate funds transfer
Payments market: 1-3% merchant
transaction fee
Successful examples indicate
demand for digital payments:
Starbucks mobile payment app
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47. What is Bitcoin Mining?
The process of adding transaction records to Bitcoin’s public
ledger of past transactions (the blockchain)
Confirms to the rest of the network that unique transactions
have taken place
Bitcoin nodes use the block chain to distinguish legitimate
Bitcoin transactions from attempts to re-spend coins that
have already been spent elsewhere
Intentionally designed to be resource-intensive so that the
number of blocks found each day by miners remains steady
Individual blocks must contain a proof of work to be
considered valid. This proof of work is verified by other
Bitcoin nodes each time they receive a block. Bitcoin uses
the hashcash proof-of-work function
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http://codinginmysleep.com/bitcoin-mining-in-plain-english/