This document contains slides from a lecture on chordates. It discusses the key characteristics of chordates like the notochord and dorsal hollow nerve cord. It covers the three major chordate groups: lancelets, tunicates, and vertebrates. Lancelets retain many chordate features throughout life. Tunicates resemble chordates as larvae but undergo metamorphosis and lose most features as adults. Many slides show examples of symbiosis in chordates and other animals.
BIS2C. Biodiversity and the Tree of Life. 2014. L11. Symbioses and the Human ...Jonathan Eisen
BIS2C. Biodiversity and the Tree of Life.
At UC Davis Spring 2014.
Lecture 11.
Symbioses and the Human MIcrobiome
Slides for Lectures by Jonathan Eisen
BIS2C. Biodiversity and the Tree of Life. 2014. L8. Intro to Microbial Divers...Jonathan Eisen
BIS2C. Biodiversity and the Tree of Life.
At UC Davis Spring 2014.
Lecture 8.
Introduction to Microbial Diversity, part 2.
Slides for Lectures by Jonathan Eisen
BIS2C. Biodiversity and the Tree of Life. 2014. L11. Symbioses and the Human ...Jonathan Eisen
BIS2C. Biodiversity and the Tree of Life.
At UC Davis Spring 2014.
Lecture 11.
Symbioses and the Human MIcrobiome
Slides for Lectures by Jonathan Eisen
BIS2C. Biodiversity and the Tree of Life. 2014. L8. Intro to Microbial Divers...Jonathan Eisen
BIS2C. Biodiversity and the Tree of Life.
At UC Davis Spring 2014.
Lecture 8.
Introduction to Microbial Diversity, part 2.
Slides for Lectures by Jonathan Eisen
DNA-based methods for bioaerosol analysisjordanpeccia
Information for producing phylogenetic/taxonomic libraries of airborne bacteria and fungi. Includes fundamental background information, approaches for sequencing and data analysis, two case studies, and a review of sampling methods
I developed this powerpoint when I taught River Out of Eden by Richard Dawkins. Most of the students found Dawkins to be fascinating, but they weren't so hot on the actual book.
Innovations in Sequencing & Bioinformatics
Talk for
Healthy Central Valley Together Research Workshop
Jonathan A. Eisen University of California, Davis
January 31, 2024 linktr.ee/jonathaneisen
Thoughts on UC Davis' COVID Current ActionsJonathan Eisen
Slides I used for a presentation to Chancellor May's leadership council about the current state of UC Davis' response to COVID and how it could be improved
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
DERIVATION OF MODIFIED BERNOULLI EQUATION WITH VISCOUS EFFECTS AND TERMINAL V...Wasswaderrick3
In this book, we use conservation of energy techniques on a fluid element to derive the Modified Bernoulli equation of flow with viscous or friction effects. We derive the general equation of flow/ velocity and then from this we derive the Pouiselle flow equation, the transition flow equation and the turbulent flow equation. In the situations where there are no viscous effects , the equation reduces to the Bernoulli equation. From experimental results, we are able to include other terms in the Bernoulli equation. We also look at cases where pressure gradients exist. We use the Modified Bernoulli equation to derive equations of flow rate for pipes of different cross sectional areas connected together. We also extend our techniques of energy conservation to a sphere falling in a viscous medium under the effect of gravity. We demonstrate Stokes equation of terminal velocity and turbulent flow equation. We look at a way of calculating the time taken for a body to fall in a viscous medium. We also look at the general equation of terminal velocity.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Salas, V. (2024) "John of St. Thomas (Poinsot) on the Science of Sacred Theol...Studia Poinsotiana
I Introduction
II Subalternation and Theology
III Theology and Dogmatic Declarations
IV The Mixed Principles of Theology
V Virtual Revelation: The Unity of Theology
VI Theology as a Natural Science
VII Theology’s Certitude
VIII Conclusion
Notes
Bibliography
All the contents are fully attributable to the author, Doctor Victor Salas. Should you wish to get this text republished, get in touch with the author or the editorial committee of the Studia Poinsotiana. Insofar as possible, we will be happy to broker your contact.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
1. Slides by Jonathan Eisen for BIS2C at UC Davis Spring 2016
Lecture 32:
Deuterosomes II:
Chordates
BIS 002C
Biodiversity & the Tree of Life
Spring 2016
Prof. Jonathan Eisen
2
2. Slides by Jonathan Eisen for BIS2C at UC Davis Spring 2016
Where we are going and where we have been…
3
•Previous lecture:
•31: Deuterosomes I: Echinoderms &
Hemichordates
•Current Lecture:
•32: Deuterosomes II: Chordates
•Next Lecture:
•33: Deuterosomes III: Chordates II
3. Slides by Jonathan Eisen for BIS2C at UC Davis Spring 2016
Animal Diversity
4
Diploblasts
Triploblasts
Monoblasts
4. Slides by Jonathan Eisen for BIS2C at UC Davis Spring 2016
Triploblasts
5
Triploblasts
6. Slides by Jonathan Eisen for BIS2C at UC Davis Spring 2016
Clicker
What evidence is consistent with
echinoderms being deuterostomes?
A. Molecular phylogenetics
B. Blastopore developing into anus
C. Presence of bilateral symmetry
D. All of A-C
E. None of A-C
7
7. Slides by Jonathan Eisen for BIS2C at UC Davis Spring 2016
Clicker
What evidence is consistent with
echinoderms being deuterostomes?
A. Molecular phylogenetics
B. Blastopore developing into anus
C. Presence of bilateral symmetry
D. All of A-C
E. None of A-C
8
8. Slides by Jonathan Eisen for BIS2C at UC Davis Spring 2016
Chordates
9
Echinoderms
Hemichordates
Chordates
9. Slides by Jonathan Eisen for BIS2C at UC Davis Spring 2016
Chordates
10
Chordates
Common
ancestor
(bilaterally
symmetrical,
pharyngeal
slits
present)
Echinoderms
Hemichordates
Lancelets
Tunicates
VertebratesVertebral column, anterior skull,
large brain, ventral heart
Notochord,
dorsal hollow
nerve cord,
post-anal tail
Radial symmetry as adults,
calcified internal plates,
loss of pharyngeal slits
Ciliated
larvae
Ambulacrarians
Focus on Chordates
10. Slides by Jonathan Eisen for BIS2C at UC Davis Spring 2016
Deuterostomes
11
11. Slides by Jonathan Eisen for BIS2C at UC Davis Spring 2016
Deuterostomes
11
12. Chordate Derived Traits Most Apparent in Juveniles
!12Slides by Jonathan Eisen for BIS2C at UC Davis Spring 2016
13. Notochord
!13Slides by Jonathan Eisen for BIS2C at UC Davis Spring 2016
• Notochord is a dorsal supporting rod.
• Core of large cells with fluid-filled vacuoles, making it rigid but
flexible.
• In tunicates it is lost during metamorphosis to the adult stage.
• In vertebrates it is replaced by skeletal structures.
14. Dorsal hollow nerve cord
!14Slides by Jonathan Eisen for BIS2C at UC Davis Spring 2016
• Formed by an embryonic folding of the ectoderm
• Develops to form the central nervous system in vertebrates
15. Post Anal Tail
!15Slides by Jonathan Eisen for BIS2C at UC Davis Spring 2016
• Extension of the body past the anal opening
• In some species (e.g., humans) most visible in embryos
• The combination of postanal tail, notochord, and muscles
provides propulsion
16. Pharyngeal Slits
!16Slides by Jonathan Eisen for BIS2C at UC Davis Spring 2016
• The pharynx is a muscular organ that brings water in through
the mouth (via cilia) which then passes through a series of
openings to the outside (slits).
• Ancestral pharyngeal slits present at some developmental
stage; often lost or modified in adults.
• Supported by pharyngeal arches.
17. Slides by Jonathan Eisen for BIS2C at UC Davis Spring 2016
Clicker
17
Why are pharyngeal slits NOT considered a
synapomorphy (shared derived trait) of chordates?
A. They occur in other deuterostomes
B. They are lost in some chordates
C. They are modified into gills in vertebrates
D. They only occur in the embryo of some chordates
18. Slides by Jonathan Eisen for BIS2C at UC Davis Spring 2016
Clicker
18
Why are pharyngeal slits NOT considered a
synapomorphy (shared derived trait) of chordates?
A. They occur in other deuterostomes
B. They are lost in some chordates
C. They are modified into gills in vertebrates
D. They only occur in the embryo of some chordates
19. Figure 33.1 Phylogeny of the Deuterostomes
!19Slides by Jonathan Eisen for BIS2C at UC Davis Spring 2016
20. Slides by Jonathan Eisen for BIS2C at UC Davis Spring 2016
Chordates
20
Chordates
Common
ancestor
(bilaterally
symmetrical,
pharyngeal
slits
present)
Echinoderms
Hemichordates
Lancelets
Tunicates
VertebratesVertebral column, anterior skull,
large brain, ventral heart
Notochord,
dorsal hollow
nerve cord,
post-anal tail
Radial symmetry as adults,
calcified internal plates,
loss of pharyngeal slits
Ciliated
larvae
Ambulacrarians
Focus on Chordates
21. Slides by Jonathan Eisen for BIS2C at UC Davis Spring 2016
Chordates
21
Chordates
Common
ancestor
(bilaterally
symmetrical,
pharyngeal
slits
present)
Echinoderms
Hemichordates
Lancelets
Tunicates
VertebratesVertebral column, anterior skull,
large brain, ventral heart
Notochord,
dorsal hollow
nerve cord,
post-anal tail
Radial symmetry as adults,
calcified internal plates,
loss of pharyngeal slits
Ciliated
larvae
Ambulacrarians
Three Major Groups
*Lancelets
*Tunicates
*Vertebrates
22. Slides by Jonathan Eisen for BIS2C at UC Davis Spring 2016
Lancelets (aka Cephalochordates)
22
Chordates
Common
ancestor
(bilaterally
symmetrical,
pharyngeal
slits
present)
Echinoderms
Hemichordates
Lancelets
Tunicates
VertebratesVertebral column, anterior skull,
large brain, ventral heart
Notochord,
dorsal hollow
nerve cord,
post-anal tail
Radial symmetry as adults,
calcified internal plates,
loss of pharyngeal slits
Ciliated
larvae
Ambulacrarians
Focus on Lancelets
23. Slides by Jonathan Eisen for BIS2C at UC Davis Spring 2016
Lancelet development
23
24. Slides by Jonathan Eisen for BIS2C at UC Davis Spring 2016 24
Branchiostoma lanceolatum
Gut
TailAnus
Dorsal hollow
nerve cord
NotochordPharyngeal
slits
Lancelet Has Key Chordate Features
25. Slides by Jonathan Eisen for BIS2C at UC Davis Spring 2016 25
Branchiostoma lanceolatum
TailAnus
Dorsal hollow
nerve cord
NotochordPharyngeal
slits
Lancelet Features
• Lancelets (aka amphioxus) are very small, less than 5 cm.
• Notochord is retained throughout life.
• Burrow in sand with head protruding; also swim.
• Pharynx is enlarged to form a pharyngeal basket for
filtering prey from the water.
• Fertilization takes place in the water.
• Segmented body muscles
26. Slides by Jonathan Eisen for BIS2C at UC Davis Spring 2016
Tunicates
26
Chordates
Common
ancestor
(bilaterally
symmetrical,
pharyngeal
slits
present)
Echinoderms
Hemichordates
Lancelets
Tunicates
VertebratesVertebral column, anterior skull,
large brain, ventral heart
Notochord,
dorsal hollow
nerve cord,
post-anal tail
Radial symmetry as adults,
calcified internal plates,
loss of pharyngeal slits
Ciliated
larvae
Ambulacrarians
Focus on Tunicates
27. Slides by Jonathan Eisen for BIS2C at UC Davis Spring 2016
Adult Tunicates
27
• Tunicates (sea squirts or ascidians, thaliaceans, and
larvaceans):
• Sea squirts form colonies by budding from a single founder.
Colonies may be meters across.
• Adult body is baglike and enclosed in a “tunic” of proteins
and complex polysaccharides secreted by the epidermis.
28. Slides by Jonathan Eisen for BIS2C at UC Davis Spring 2016
Adult Tunicates
28
• Solitary tunicates seem to lack all of the synapomorphies of
chordates?
• No dorsal hollow nerve cord, no notochord, no postanal tail
29. Slides by Jonathan Eisen for BIS2C at UC Davis Spring 2016
Adult Tunicates
29
• Solitary tunicates seem to lack all of the synapomorphies of
chordates?
• No dorsal hollow nerve cord, no notochord, no postanal tail
HOW ARE THESE CHORDATES?
30. Photo 44.18 Developing oocytes of sea squirt (ascidian; chordate) Ciona intestinalis. LM.
!30Slides by Jonathan Eisen for BIS2C at UC Davis Spring 2016
31. Photo 44.19 Sea squirt (primitive chordate, C. intestinalis): free-swimming larva.
!31Slides by Jonathan Eisen for BIS2C at UC Davis Spring 2016
32. Photo 44.20 C. intestinalis: early settled larva on substrate.
!32Slides by Jonathan Eisen for BIS2C at UC Davis Spring 2016
33. Photo 44.21 C. intestinalis: further metamorphosis of early settled larva.
!33Slides by Jonathan Eisen for BIS2C at UC Davis Spring 2016
34. Photo 44.22 C. intestinalis: 36 hours after settlement of larva.
!34Slides by Jonathan Eisen for BIS2C at UC Davis Spring 2016
35. Photo 44.23 C. intestinalis: 4 days after settlement of larva. Features of adult can be seen.
!35Slides by Jonathan Eisen for BIS2C at UC Davis Spring 2016
36. Photo 44.24 C. intestinalis: 7 days after settlement of larva
!36Slides by Jonathan Eisen for BIS2C at UC Davis Spring 2016
37. Photo 44.25 Sea squirt juvenile C. intestinalis. Siphons and other adult features evident.
!37Slides by Jonathan Eisen for BIS2C at UC Davis Spring 2016
38. Slides by Jonathan Eisen for BIS2C at UC Davis Spring 2016
Juvenile Tunicates
38
Ascidian tunicate larva
• Sea squirt larvae have pharyngeal slits, a hollow nerve cord,
and notochord in the tail region.
• The swimming, tadpolelike larvae suggest a relationship
between tunicates and vertebrates.
• Larvacean tunicates do not undergo the metamorphosis and
retain all of the chordate features.
Larvacean tunicates
39. • Where have we seen big differences between larval
forms and adult forms?
!39Slides by Jonathan Eisen for BIS2C at UC Davis Spring 2016
42. Tunicate Diversity
!41Slides by Jonathan Eisen for BIS2C at UC Davis Spring 2016
• ~2,000 described species, all marine filter-feeders
• Body surrounded by a tunic; a thick cellulose covering
• Mostly sessile, one lineage free-swimming
• Feeding through incurrent and excurrent siphons
Solitary
Colonial
Free-swimming
44. Slides by Jonathan Eisen for BIS2C at UC Davis Spring 2016
Tunicate colony Lissoclinum patellum
43
45. Slides by Jonathan Eisen for BIS2C at UC Davis Spring 2016
1982
44
http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jo00349a002
46. Slides by Jonathan Eisen for BIS2C at UC Davis Spring 2016 45
http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/jm00126a034
47. Slides by Jonathan Eisen for BIS2C at UC Davis Spring 2016
Lissoclinum & relatives have cyanobacteria symbionts
46
Figure 2.Photosymbiotic ascidians
with tunic spicules. Colonies in
situ and tunic spicules (inset) of
Didemnum molle (A),
Trididemnum miniatum (B),
Lissoclinum patella (C),
Lissoclinum punctatum (D), and
Lissoclinum timorense (E). Tunic
cells contain Prochloron cells in
the tunic of Lissoclinum
punctatum (F). Scale bars = 20
µm.
48. Slides by Jonathan Eisen for BIS2C at UC Davis Spring 2016
Lesson …
• If you find a novel biochemical activity in
some animal …
• Most likely it is NOT actually from the
animal
48
49. Slides by Jonathan Eisen for BIS2C at UC Davis Spring 2016
Clicker
What groups of animals have we seen to
have autotrophic mutualistic symbionts?
A. Annelids
B. Cnidarians
C. Protostomes
D. Chordates
E. All of the above
49
50. Slides by Jonathan Eisen for BIS2C at UC Davis Spring 2016
Clicker
What groups of animals have we seen to
have autotrophic mutualistic symbionts?
A. Annelids
B. Cnidarians
C. Protostomes
D. Chordates
E. All of the above
50
51. Slides by Jonathan Eisen for BIS2C at UC Davis Spring 2016
Clicker
What groups of animals have we seen to
have autotrophic mutualistic symbionts?
A. Annelids (Tubeworms)
B. Cnidarians (Coral)
C. Protostomes (Tubeworms)
D. Chordates (Tunicates)
E. All of the above
51
52. Filled with Bacteria
52Slides by Jonathan Eisen for BIS2C at UC Davis Spring 2016
Basic Tubeworm Anatomy
Dr. Colleen Cavanaugh used microscopy
techniques in 1981 and discovered billions
of bacterial cells packed inside the
tubeworm’s trophosome.
1011 bacteria per gram of trophosome!!
Plume
Trophosome
53. Coral Symbiosis with Dinoflagellates
!53Slides by Jonathan Eisen for BIS2C at UC Davis Spring 2016
Corals contain symbiotic dinoflagellates (algae) called zooxanthellae
54. Slides by Jonathan Eisen for BIS2C at UC Davis Spring 2016
Other Examples?
54
55. Slides by Jonathan Eisen for BIS2C at UC Davis Spring 2016
Other Types of Mutualisms in Animals?
55
56. Slides by Jonathan Eisen for BIS2C at UC Davis Spring 2016
Filarial Nematodes Permanently House Wolbachia
56
57. Vertebrate Origins
!57Slides by Jonathan Eisen for BIS2C at UC Davis Spring 2016
Ciliated
larvae
AmbulacrariansChordates
Common
ancestor
(bilaterally
symmetrical,
pharyngeal
slits
present)
Echinoderms
Hemichordates
Lancelets
Tunicates
Vertebrates
Radial symmetry as adults,
calcified internal plates,
loss of pharyngeal slits
Vertebral column, anterior skull,
large brain, ventral heart
Notochord,
dorsal hollow
nerve cord,
post-anal tail
58. The Vertebrate Body Plan (not in all …)
!58Slides by Jonathan Eisen for BIS2C at UC Davis Spring 2016
Anterior skull
enclosing a large brain
A jointed, dorsal
vertebral column
replaces the
notochord during early
development.
Internal Organs
suspended in a
coelom
Well-developed
circulatory
system driven by
a ventral heart
Rigid Internal Skeleton
59. Slides by Jonathan Eisen for BIS2C at UC Davis Spring 2016
Vertebrate Evolution
• The structural features can support large,
active animals.
• Internal skeleton supports an extensive
muscular system that gets oxygen from the
circulatory system and is controlled by the
nervous system.
• These features allowed vertebrates to
diversify widely.
59
60. Phylogeny of the Living Vertebrates
!60Slides by Jonathan Eisen for BIS2C at UC Davis Spring 2016
61. Slides by Jonathan Eisen for BIS2C at UC Davis Spring 2016
Vertebrates and Land
• All other deuterostomes are marine.
• Vertebrates probably evolved in the oceans
or estuarine environments during the
Cambrian period.
• They have radiated into marine, freshwater,
terrestrial, and aerial environments.
61
62. Slides by Jonathan Eisen for BIS2C at UC Davis Spring 2016
Jawless Fishes (hagfish and lampreys)
62
63. Slides by Jonathan Eisen for BIS2C at UC Davis Spring 2016
Sister group for all other vertebrates
63
Hagfish
64. Slides by Jonathan Eisen for BIS2C at UC Davis Spring 2016
• Weak circulatory system w/ 3 small hearts, a partial cranium,
no stomach, no jaws
• NO BONE (skeleton is cartilage); no vertebrae.
• Blind and produce large amounts of slime as a defense
• They have a specialized structure to capture prey and tear
up dead organisms.
• Development is direct; adults can change sex from year to
year.
64
Hagfish not quite full vertebrates
68. !69Slides by Jonathan Eisen for BIS2C at UC Davis Spring 2016
Anterior skull
enclosing a large brain
A jointed, dorsal
vertebral column
replaces the
notochord during early
development.
Internal Organs
suspended in a
coelom
Rigid Internal Skeleton
Well-developed
circulatory
system driven by
a ventral heart
The Vertebrate Body Plan
70. Slides by Jonathan Eisen for BIS2C at UC Davis Spring 2016
Lampreys
71
• Complete cranium and cartilaginous vertebrae.
• Complete metamorphosis from filter-feeding larvae
(ammocoetes), which are similar to lancelets.
• No bone, no jaws, but cartilaginous vertebrae are present
• Sucker- like mouth with rasping teeth
• Many species are ectoparasites of fish