This document categorizes and defines different types of birth defects:
1) Deformation anomalies are caused by mechanical forces altering the structure's shape rather than a genetic basis, with clubfoot as the classic example.
2) Disruption anomalies interrupt the normal developmental process, such as those caused by cocaine exposure restricting blood supply.
3) Dysplasia refers to abnormal cellular organization in a specific tissue, like connective tissue disorders.
4) Malformations involve an abnormal developmental process from the outset, for example cleft lip caused by failure of structures to fuse during development.
A dysmorphic feature is a difference of body structure. It can be an isolated finding in an otherwise normal individual, or it can be related to a congenital disorder, genetic syndrome, or birth defect. Dysmorphology is the study of dysmorphic features, their origins and proper nomenclature.
What is a birth defect? pretty sure there is nothing better than brief straight forward information w/o loopy woopy.
Birth defects in general simple terms will be discused, then diving a little deeper.. specially the congenital disorders of the skeletal system.
I made this presentation as a 'seminar assignment', but then I thought why not sharing the info that I have.
*DISCLAIMER: A LOT of the information are from multi sources; My professors, my lectures, internet medical websites, medical textbooks, ..etc. If you find any mistake or a misleading info please do mention it so that everyone takes care and makes sure to get it right!.
**If you're a lecturer or a student whom happens to deliver a presentation on the same subject(s) and find mine useful to do the job (WITH CREDIT) then go bunkers!.
A dysmorphic feature is a difference of body structure. It can be an isolated finding in an otherwise normal individual, or it can be related to a congenital disorder, genetic syndrome, or birth defect. Dysmorphology is the study of dysmorphic features, their origins and proper nomenclature.
What is a birth defect? pretty sure there is nothing better than brief straight forward information w/o loopy woopy.
Birth defects in general simple terms will be discused, then diving a little deeper.. specially the congenital disorders of the skeletal system.
I made this presentation as a 'seminar assignment', but then I thought why not sharing the info that I have.
*DISCLAIMER: A LOT of the information are from multi sources; My professors, my lectures, internet medical websites, medical textbooks, ..etc. If you find any mistake or a misleading info please do mention it so that everyone takes care and makes sure to get it right!.
**If you're a lecturer or a student whom happens to deliver a presentation on the same subject(s) and find mine useful to do the job (WITH CREDIT) then go bunkers!.
Craniofacial anomalies /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
CRANIOFACIAL ANOMALIES IN KENYA - A JOURNAL CLUB PRESENTATIONJames M
A SHORT PRESENTATION ON CRANIOFACIAL ANOMALIES . ANCHORED ON A RESEARCH PAPER BY DR A. ODHIAMBO. THIS WAS PRESENTED IN A JOURNAL CLUB MEETING OF THE ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY RESIDENTS AT THE FACULTY OF DENTAL SCIENCES OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI.
Craniofacial anomalies /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
CRANIOFACIAL ANOMALIES IN KENYA - A JOURNAL CLUB PRESENTATIONJames M
A SHORT PRESENTATION ON CRANIOFACIAL ANOMALIES . ANCHORED ON A RESEARCH PAPER BY DR A. ODHIAMBO. THIS WAS PRESENTED IN A JOURNAL CLUB MEETING OF THE ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY RESIDENTS AT THE FACULTY OF DENTAL SCIENCES OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Craniofacial syndromes /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Birth defects can be placed into one of the following established cathegories
1. Birth defects can be placed into one of the following established categories:
• Deformation. Deformation anomalies have no inherent genetic basis. Rather
mechanical forces have altered the shape of the structure. Talipes equinovarus, or
clubfoot, is the classic example of a deformation. Although the lower limbs were
genetically programmed to form normally, external forces (such as a decreased
amount of amniotic fluid) or internal forces (such as neurological impairment)
prevented such development.
• Disruption. Like deformation, the genetic program of the structure in disruption
was normal. However, the normal developmental process was interrupted by some
mechanism, causing the anomaly. Examples of disruption are the anomalies
observed in newborns exposed to cocaine in utero. This drug a known
vasoconstrictive agent. Is believed to cause malformations ranging from intestinal
atresias to craniofacial structures by temporary restricting blood supply to the
developing structures.
• Dysplasia. Dysplasia refers to a general abnormality at the level of cellular
organization in a specific tissue. One example would be a connective tissue disorder,
such as Marfan’s syndrome
• Malformation. A malformation is an anomaly in which the developmental process
was abnormal from the outset. An example is a cleft lip and palate. In which the
structures that joint the lip and palate do not fuse normally. In general
malformations are caused by a genetic mutation, congenital infection, teratogen
exposure.
• Syndrome. A child will often have multiple malformations and it is important to
determine their relationship. In a syndrome the observed malformations are
pathogenetically related to a single cause. For example in Marfan’s syndrome, the
tall stature, dilated aortic roor, loose joints, and lens dislocations are all caused by
an abnormality in fibrillin.
• Association. An association is the nonrandom occurrence of a set of malformations
that are not pathogenetically related. VATER or VACTERL – vertebrae,
imperforate anus, cardiac anomalies, TEF, renal anomalies, limb anomalies (radial
defect). Although these anomalies occur more frequently together than they do
separately, they are not believed to be casually related. That is, they are not caused
by the same genetic or teratogenic origin.
• Field defect. A field defect is a set of malformations that are grouped in a located
area of a body or a so-called developmental field. Abnormal developmental stimuli,
such those caused by a teratogen or a mutated gene result in a developmental field
defect. One example is a cloacal extrophy.
• Sequence. Sequence is a series of findings that are derived from a single anomaly or
mechanical force. One example is Pier Robin sequence – the constellation of a small
jaw, a midline U-shaped cleft palate and relatively large and protruding tongue. The
primary anomaly is the small jaw, which fails to provide an adequate room for the
tongue and displaces it in a superior direction. The tongue then prevents closure of
the palatine shelves, causing the cleft palate. It is important to mention that the
borders of these definitions are not firm, and overlap does occur. F.e. P-R syndrome
can be an isolated findings or a feature of several genetic syndromes.