Most men consider care to prevent pregnancy feminine duty. And yet, to take active part in the defense of their partners from unintended pregnancy, men can and should. Here are some examples of all currently existing methods of male contraception. Let’s consider the most common and used methods of methods of birth control for men and check their efficacy profile.
Contraception 2015 O.C.P, Dr. Sharda Jain, Dr. Jyoti Bhaskar, Dr. Jyoti Bhask...Lifecare Centre
This document provides information about contraceptive trends and methods in India. It discusses:
- Unwanted pregnancies and large family sizes are still issues in India
- Contraceptive usage in India has tripled from 1970 but unmet need remains high
- Most common methods are female sterilization and condoms, while effective reversible methods are underutilized
- Oral contraceptive pills are one effective option but myths and misconceptions about side effects still exist
The document discusses long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs) available in Malaysia, including intrauterine devices (IUDs) and implants. It notes that LARC usage in Malaysia is low compared to contraceptive pills. The main types of LARCs are described - copper IUDs, hormonal IUDs, and implants. Benefits include high effectiveness, reversibility, and not requiring daily adherence. Side effects like irregular bleeding are also discussed. Religious views on spotting are provided.
This document discusses various methods of contraception, including hormonal and barrier methods. It describes combined oral contraceptives containing estrogen and progestin, as well as progestin-only pills, injections, implants, IUDs, and barrier methods. The hormonal methods primarily work by suppressing ovulation and thickening cervical mucus. Barrier methods like condoms, diaphragms, and spermicides must be used correctly during intercourse. Natural family planning tracks fertility signs like basal body temperature and cervical mucus. Each method has advantages and potential side effects discussed in the document.
The document summarizes various contraceptive methods, both existing and in development. It discusses innovations in long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs) like the contraceptive patch, vaginal ring, implants, and intrauterine devices. Emerging methods aimed at non-surgical sterilization are also outlined. While male contraceptives remain in early stages of research and testing, the document emphasizes that the most effective method is whichever one a woman will reliably and correctly use.
This document discusses various methods of family planning, including injections, implants, patches, IUDs, and sterilization. It provides details on the mechanisms of action, efficacy, benefits, procedures, side effects, return to fertility, and contraindications for each method. The injections discussed are progestin-only and combined methods administered monthly or every 2-3 months via intramuscular injection. Implants and IUDs are long-acting reversible options placed surgically or inserted into the uterus. Sterilization methods include vasectomy for men and tubal ligation for women. Comparative information is also provided to help evaluate the options.
Oral Contraceptives, Up to date Overview Mamdouh Sabry
This document provides an overview of oral contraceptives (OCs). It discusses the history of contraception, the development of the pill in the 1950s-60s, and the pharmacology of estrogen and progestin components. It covers the mechanism of action, drug interactions, medical eligibility criteria, benefits, and some newer contraceptive options like Yasmin, the 24/4 regimen, vaginal ring, and contraceptive patch. The document emphasizes that OCs are a highly effective, convenient, and reversible method of contraception that also provide various non-contraceptive health benefits when used by eligible women.
Contraception Successes: IUDs and ImplantsSummit Health
Although unintended pregnancy rates in the United States have been static (approximately 51%) for many years, long-acting reversible contraception such as intrauterine devices (IUDs) and contraceptive implants may be reliable alternatives to prevent unwanted pregnancies and further lower unintended pregnancy rates. Join us to learn more about how long-acting reversible contraception may help you!
This document provides information on various contraceptive methods. It discusses hormonal methods like oral contraceptives (birth control pills), injections (Depo-Provera), implants (Norplant), and the vaginal ring. It also covers barrier methods, including condoms, diaphragms, spermicides, and cervical caps. Surgical sterilization options for both females (tubal ligation) and males (vasectomy) are described. The document concludes with behavioral methods like withdrawal and fertility awareness/natural family planning. Considerations for choosing a method include effectiveness, cost, safety, comfort/ease of use, and future fertility.
Contraception 2015 O.C.P, Dr. Sharda Jain, Dr. Jyoti Bhaskar, Dr. Jyoti Bhask...Lifecare Centre
This document provides information about contraceptive trends and methods in India. It discusses:
- Unwanted pregnancies and large family sizes are still issues in India
- Contraceptive usage in India has tripled from 1970 but unmet need remains high
- Most common methods are female sterilization and condoms, while effective reversible methods are underutilized
- Oral contraceptive pills are one effective option but myths and misconceptions about side effects still exist
The document discusses long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs) available in Malaysia, including intrauterine devices (IUDs) and implants. It notes that LARC usage in Malaysia is low compared to contraceptive pills. The main types of LARCs are described - copper IUDs, hormonal IUDs, and implants. Benefits include high effectiveness, reversibility, and not requiring daily adherence. Side effects like irregular bleeding are also discussed. Religious views on spotting are provided.
This document discusses various methods of contraception, including hormonal and barrier methods. It describes combined oral contraceptives containing estrogen and progestin, as well as progestin-only pills, injections, implants, IUDs, and barrier methods. The hormonal methods primarily work by suppressing ovulation and thickening cervical mucus. Barrier methods like condoms, diaphragms, and spermicides must be used correctly during intercourse. Natural family planning tracks fertility signs like basal body temperature and cervical mucus. Each method has advantages and potential side effects discussed in the document.
The document summarizes various contraceptive methods, both existing and in development. It discusses innovations in long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs) like the contraceptive patch, vaginal ring, implants, and intrauterine devices. Emerging methods aimed at non-surgical sterilization are also outlined. While male contraceptives remain in early stages of research and testing, the document emphasizes that the most effective method is whichever one a woman will reliably and correctly use.
This document discusses various methods of family planning, including injections, implants, patches, IUDs, and sterilization. It provides details on the mechanisms of action, efficacy, benefits, procedures, side effects, return to fertility, and contraindications for each method. The injections discussed are progestin-only and combined methods administered monthly or every 2-3 months via intramuscular injection. Implants and IUDs are long-acting reversible options placed surgically or inserted into the uterus. Sterilization methods include vasectomy for men and tubal ligation for women. Comparative information is also provided to help evaluate the options.
Oral Contraceptives, Up to date Overview Mamdouh Sabry
This document provides an overview of oral contraceptives (OCs). It discusses the history of contraception, the development of the pill in the 1950s-60s, and the pharmacology of estrogen and progestin components. It covers the mechanism of action, drug interactions, medical eligibility criteria, benefits, and some newer contraceptive options like Yasmin, the 24/4 regimen, vaginal ring, and contraceptive patch. The document emphasizes that OCs are a highly effective, convenient, and reversible method of contraception that also provide various non-contraceptive health benefits when used by eligible women.
Contraception Successes: IUDs and ImplantsSummit Health
Although unintended pregnancy rates in the United States have been static (approximately 51%) for many years, long-acting reversible contraception such as intrauterine devices (IUDs) and contraceptive implants may be reliable alternatives to prevent unwanted pregnancies and further lower unintended pregnancy rates. Join us to learn more about how long-acting reversible contraception may help you!
This document provides information on various contraceptive methods. It discusses hormonal methods like oral contraceptives (birth control pills), injections (Depo-Provera), implants (Norplant), and the vaginal ring. It also covers barrier methods, including condoms, diaphragms, spermicides, and cervical caps. Surgical sterilization options for both females (tubal ligation) and males (vasectomy) are described. The document concludes with behavioral methods like withdrawal and fertility awareness/natural family planning. Considerations for choosing a method include effectiveness, cost, safety, comfort/ease of use, and future fertility.
contraception is a very important topic for pg entrance.....so all about it has been discussed in detail as required for pg entrance....do make use of it...
Most unintended pregnancies in the US occur due to inconsistent or no contraceptive use. About half of women at risk of unintended pregnancy are not fully protected. The most effective methods like IUDs, implants and sterilization are not user dependent. It is important to consider efficacy, side effects, costs and patient preferences when counseling on contraceptive options. Enhancing access, adherence and follow up support can help reduce unintended pregnancies.
The document provides information on various methods of family planning and birth control. It discusses fertility awareness methods, spermicides, male and female condoms, diaphragms, cervical caps, birth control sponges, pills, patches, vaginal rings, shots, implants, IUDs, tubal ligation, vasectomy, tubal implants, emergency contraception, options for older women, withdrawal, and the effectiveness of different methods. The most effective reversible methods are IUDs and hormonal implants, while abstinence is the only 100% effective method.
This document provides an overview of different temporary contraceptive methods, including barrier methods like condoms and diaphragms, hormonal methods like oral contraceptives and injectables, and intrauterine devices. It describes the effectiveness, side effects, and proper use of each method. The ideal contraceptive is described as highly effective, safe, simple to use, and reversible. The conclusion emphasizes that providing a variety of contraceptive options can help couples plan their families by avoiding unwanted pregnancies.
This document summarizes various contraceptive implant methods. It describes the types of contraceptive implants including Norplant, Jadelle, Sino-implant, Implanon and Nexplanon. It explains that the implants work by releasing progestin hormones like levonorgestrel or etonogestrel over a period of years. The document discusses the mechanisms of action, effectiveness rates and side effects of the implant methods. It also covers insertion and removal procedures as well as advantages and disadvantages of contraceptive implants.
This document provides information on contraceptive counseling for patients with hypertension. It outlines the components of a contraceptive counseling visit including taking a medical history, physical exam, and discussing options based on health risks. A case study is presented of a 24 year old female with hypertension, chest pain, and a BMI of 57 who desires depo-provera. The document determines depo is not recommended due to her cardiovascular risks and suggests IUDs or nexplanon as safer options given her upcoming weight loss surgery. Guidelines for contraceptive use in hypertension are reviewed recommending against combined hormonal methods and considering patient's blood pressure levels and cardiovascular risk factors when selecting contraception.
An intensive material on recent advances on contraception including the current contraceptive methods and a brief overview on immunocontraception and contraceptive vaccines
The document provides an overview of various methods of contraception, including hormonal methods like oral contraceptive pills, implants, patches, and rings. Barrier methods like condoms and diaphragms are discussed. Long-acting reversible contraceptives like IUDs are described. Fertility awareness methods and emergency contraception are also summarized. Key details about effectiveness, side effects, benefits, and contraindications are provided for each contraceptive method.
This document provides information on various contraception methods including condoms, the pill, contraceptive injections, IUDs, implants, diaphragms, emergency contraception, vasectomy and female sterilization. It describes how each method works, effectiveness rates, potential side effects and other relevant details. The key methods covered are condoms, the pill, contraceptive injections, IUDs (Mirena and copper coil), implants and diaphragms. Emergency contraception and permanent methods of vasectomy and female sterilization are also briefly outlined.
The document discusses various topics related to contraception including:
1. Temporary contraceptive methods like pills, patches, rings, and injections act by stopping ovulation and thickening cervical mucus. They come in various hormone formulations and dosages.
2. Long-acting reversible contraceptives like IUDs and implants can provide contraception for years. IUDs with progestins can suppress ovulation while implants release progestins to thicken cervical mucus.
3. Other methods discussed include vaginal microbicides, tubal occlusion procedures, and emerging male contraceptives that aim to suppress sperm production.
The document provides a high-level overview of many common reversible contraceptive options,
Artificial contraception, also known as birth control, refers to medications or devices that are used to prevent pregnancy. Birth control methods have been used since ancient times but safe and effective methods only became widely available in the 20th century. There are different types of artificial contraception including hormonal methods, barrier methods, intrauterine devices, and behavioral methods. Hormonal birth control works by inhibiting ovulation and fertilization while barrier methods prevent sperm from entering the uterus. [/SUMMARY]
This document provides information about various contraceptive methods. It defines contraceptives as any devices or methods used to prevent pregnancy, including barrier methods like condoms and diaphragms, hormonal methods like birth control pills, implants, injections, rings and patches, and intrauterine devices. The document discusses how each method works, effectiveness rates, potential side effects and proper usage instructions. Overall, it serves as an overview of the different types of contraceptives available.
This document discusses various methods of contraception, including behavioral, hormonal, and barrier methods. Behavioral methods involve predicting fertility through temperature and calendar tracking, as well as withdrawal and abstinence. Hormonal methods such as pills, patches, rings, shots, implants, and IUDs work by using hormones to prevent pregnancy. Barrier methods like male and female condoms and spermicides form a physical barrier to block sperm from entering the uterus. The document provides details on how each method works and its effectiveness.
This document summarizes various contraceptive methods for both males and females. It discusses spacing methods like barrier methods (condoms, diaphragms, cervical caps), chemical methods (pills, injections, implants), and IUDs. It also covers terminal methods for permanent contraception like tubal ligation and vasectomy. It provides details on how different contraceptives work, their effectiveness in preventing pregnancy, and important benefits and risks to consider. A wide range of options are presented to suit different individual needs and circumstances for family planning and birth control.
- Hormonal contraceptives include injectables, progestin-only pills, combination pills, patches, rings, and implants. Combined methods contain estrogen and progestin while progestin-only methods avoid estrogen.
- Common side effects of hormonal contraceptives include changes to menstrual bleeding patterns, headaches, mood changes, and breast tenderness.
- Long-acting reversible contraceptives like IUDs and implants are the most effective reversible methods. IUDs can be copper or hormone-releasing and work mainly by preventing fertilization and implantation.
This document discusses oral contraceptives and provides information on:
- Their low failure rate and side effect incidence. Serious complications are rare.
- Numerous non-contraceptive benefits including menstrual cycle management and cancer prevention.
- Modifying regimens, such as extending the number of active pills, can help manage side effects and improve compliance. Extending the active pill period helped reduce symptoms for 74% of patients in one study.
- Other options include shortening the hormone-free interval or adding estrogen during that time.
This document discusses various topics related to birth control and family planning, including:
1. It describes the fundamentals of reproduction and identifies contraceptive choices available at different stages of life.
2. It provides statistics on unintended pregnancy in the US and notes that inconsistency and incorrect use of less effective methods are major contributing factors.
3. It summarizes the most and very effective contraceptive options, including IUDs, implants, pills, ring, patch and injection, and addresses some common myths about these methods.
4. It emphasizes the importance of birth spacing for reducing maternal and infant health risks and recommends waiting at least 24 months between pregnancies.
Family planning involves cognitive decisions and behavioral practices that help individuals or couples regulate pregnancy, including avoiding unwanted births and determining family size. Methods include natural options like breastfeeding and abstinence, barrier methods like condoms, and medical interventions like IUDs, implants, pills, injections, and sterilization. In Jordan, the fertility rate is 3.7 and over half of married women use contraception, most commonly pills and IUDs. Any counseling should provide a proper assessment and discussion of benefits, side effects, and options to allow couples to choose a suitable method for their needs and situation.
The document discusses various options for avoiding unwanted pregnancy, including natural family planning methods, barrier methods like condoms and diaphragms, hormonal methods like birth control pills and IUDs, long-acting reversible contraceptives, permanent surgical methods, and emergency contraception. Each method is described along with its effectiveness rates, potential side effects, costs, and whether it protects against STDs. Options for older women and least effective methods are also covered briefly.
contraception is a very important topic for pg entrance.....so all about it has been discussed in detail as required for pg entrance....do make use of it...
Most unintended pregnancies in the US occur due to inconsistent or no contraceptive use. About half of women at risk of unintended pregnancy are not fully protected. The most effective methods like IUDs, implants and sterilization are not user dependent. It is important to consider efficacy, side effects, costs and patient preferences when counseling on contraceptive options. Enhancing access, adherence and follow up support can help reduce unintended pregnancies.
The document provides information on various methods of family planning and birth control. It discusses fertility awareness methods, spermicides, male and female condoms, diaphragms, cervical caps, birth control sponges, pills, patches, vaginal rings, shots, implants, IUDs, tubal ligation, vasectomy, tubal implants, emergency contraception, options for older women, withdrawal, and the effectiveness of different methods. The most effective reversible methods are IUDs and hormonal implants, while abstinence is the only 100% effective method.
This document provides an overview of different temporary contraceptive methods, including barrier methods like condoms and diaphragms, hormonal methods like oral contraceptives and injectables, and intrauterine devices. It describes the effectiveness, side effects, and proper use of each method. The ideal contraceptive is described as highly effective, safe, simple to use, and reversible. The conclusion emphasizes that providing a variety of contraceptive options can help couples plan their families by avoiding unwanted pregnancies.
This document summarizes various contraceptive implant methods. It describes the types of contraceptive implants including Norplant, Jadelle, Sino-implant, Implanon and Nexplanon. It explains that the implants work by releasing progestin hormones like levonorgestrel or etonogestrel over a period of years. The document discusses the mechanisms of action, effectiveness rates and side effects of the implant methods. It also covers insertion and removal procedures as well as advantages and disadvantages of contraceptive implants.
This document provides information on contraceptive counseling for patients with hypertension. It outlines the components of a contraceptive counseling visit including taking a medical history, physical exam, and discussing options based on health risks. A case study is presented of a 24 year old female with hypertension, chest pain, and a BMI of 57 who desires depo-provera. The document determines depo is not recommended due to her cardiovascular risks and suggests IUDs or nexplanon as safer options given her upcoming weight loss surgery. Guidelines for contraceptive use in hypertension are reviewed recommending against combined hormonal methods and considering patient's blood pressure levels and cardiovascular risk factors when selecting contraception.
An intensive material on recent advances on contraception including the current contraceptive methods and a brief overview on immunocontraception and contraceptive vaccines
The document provides an overview of various methods of contraception, including hormonal methods like oral contraceptive pills, implants, patches, and rings. Barrier methods like condoms and diaphragms are discussed. Long-acting reversible contraceptives like IUDs are described. Fertility awareness methods and emergency contraception are also summarized. Key details about effectiveness, side effects, benefits, and contraindications are provided for each contraceptive method.
This document provides information on various contraception methods including condoms, the pill, contraceptive injections, IUDs, implants, diaphragms, emergency contraception, vasectomy and female sterilization. It describes how each method works, effectiveness rates, potential side effects and other relevant details. The key methods covered are condoms, the pill, contraceptive injections, IUDs (Mirena and copper coil), implants and diaphragms. Emergency contraception and permanent methods of vasectomy and female sterilization are also briefly outlined.
The document discusses various topics related to contraception including:
1. Temporary contraceptive methods like pills, patches, rings, and injections act by stopping ovulation and thickening cervical mucus. They come in various hormone formulations and dosages.
2. Long-acting reversible contraceptives like IUDs and implants can provide contraception for years. IUDs with progestins can suppress ovulation while implants release progestins to thicken cervical mucus.
3. Other methods discussed include vaginal microbicides, tubal occlusion procedures, and emerging male contraceptives that aim to suppress sperm production.
The document provides a high-level overview of many common reversible contraceptive options,
Artificial contraception, also known as birth control, refers to medications or devices that are used to prevent pregnancy. Birth control methods have been used since ancient times but safe and effective methods only became widely available in the 20th century. There are different types of artificial contraception including hormonal methods, barrier methods, intrauterine devices, and behavioral methods. Hormonal birth control works by inhibiting ovulation and fertilization while barrier methods prevent sperm from entering the uterus. [/SUMMARY]
This document provides information about various contraceptive methods. It defines contraceptives as any devices or methods used to prevent pregnancy, including barrier methods like condoms and diaphragms, hormonal methods like birth control pills, implants, injections, rings and patches, and intrauterine devices. The document discusses how each method works, effectiveness rates, potential side effects and proper usage instructions. Overall, it serves as an overview of the different types of contraceptives available.
This document discusses various methods of contraception, including behavioral, hormonal, and barrier methods. Behavioral methods involve predicting fertility through temperature and calendar tracking, as well as withdrawal and abstinence. Hormonal methods such as pills, patches, rings, shots, implants, and IUDs work by using hormones to prevent pregnancy. Barrier methods like male and female condoms and spermicides form a physical barrier to block sperm from entering the uterus. The document provides details on how each method works and its effectiveness.
This document summarizes various contraceptive methods for both males and females. It discusses spacing methods like barrier methods (condoms, diaphragms, cervical caps), chemical methods (pills, injections, implants), and IUDs. It also covers terminal methods for permanent contraception like tubal ligation and vasectomy. It provides details on how different contraceptives work, their effectiveness in preventing pregnancy, and important benefits and risks to consider. A wide range of options are presented to suit different individual needs and circumstances for family planning and birth control.
- Hormonal contraceptives include injectables, progestin-only pills, combination pills, patches, rings, and implants. Combined methods contain estrogen and progestin while progestin-only methods avoid estrogen.
- Common side effects of hormonal contraceptives include changes to menstrual bleeding patterns, headaches, mood changes, and breast tenderness.
- Long-acting reversible contraceptives like IUDs and implants are the most effective reversible methods. IUDs can be copper or hormone-releasing and work mainly by preventing fertilization and implantation.
This document discusses oral contraceptives and provides information on:
- Their low failure rate and side effect incidence. Serious complications are rare.
- Numerous non-contraceptive benefits including menstrual cycle management and cancer prevention.
- Modifying regimens, such as extending the number of active pills, can help manage side effects and improve compliance. Extending the active pill period helped reduce symptoms for 74% of patients in one study.
- Other options include shortening the hormone-free interval or adding estrogen during that time.
This document discusses various topics related to birth control and family planning, including:
1. It describes the fundamentals of reproduction and identifies contraceptive choices available at different stages of life.
2. It provides statistics on unintended pregnancy in the US and notes that inconsistency and incorrect use of less effective methods are major contributing factors.
3. It summarizes the most and very effective contraceptive options, including IUDs, implants, pills, ring, patch and injection, and addresses some common myths about these methods.
4. It emphasizes the importance of birth spacing for reducing maternal and infant health risks and recommends waiting at least 24 months between pregnancies.
Family planning involves cognitive decisions and behavioral practices that help individuals or couples regulate pregnancy, including avoiding unwanted births and determining family size. Methods include natural options like breastfeeding and abstinence, barrier methods like condoms, and medical interventions like IUDs, implants, pills, injections, and sterilization. In Jordan, the fertility rate is 3.7 and over half of married women use contraception, most commonly pills and IUDs. Any counseling should provide a proper assessment and discussion of benefits, side effects, and options to allow couples to choose a suitable method for their needs and situation.
The document discusses various options for avoiding unwanted pregnancy, including natural family planning methods, barrier methods like condoms and diaphragms, hormonal methods like birth control pills and IUDs, long-acting reversible contraceptives, permanent surgical methods, and emergency contraception. Each method is described along with its effectiveness rates, potential side effects, costs, and whether it protects against STDs. Options for older women and least effective methods are also covered briefly.
The document discusses World Contraception Day (WCD), which is observed annually on September 26th. The theme for WCD 2015 is "It's Your Life, It's Your Future, Know Your Options" which aims to ensure every pregnancy is wanted by increasing awareness of contraception and safe sex options. Statistics show many pregnancies are unplanned and often end in abortion, especially in developing nations. WCD works to improve reproductive health globally through awareness campaigns and is supported by 12 international organizations.
This document discusses various methods of birth control. It emphasizes that birth control allows people to control their fertility and choose how they live their lives. Barrier methods like condoms prevent pregnancy physically, while hormonal methods use hormones to prevent ovulation. Long-acting reversible contraceptives like implants are also described. The document stresses that the most effective method depends on individual circumstances and preferences, and should be discussed with a healthcare provider.
The document discusses different types of birth control, including natural, hormonal, barrier, implantable, and permanent methods. It provides details on popular options like the pill, patch, shot, ring, condoms, diaphragm, IUD, and implant. The importance of considering factors like effectiveness, side effects, and convenience when choosing a method is emphasized.
The document discusses the lack of a widely available male contraceptive pill. While female contraception like the pill has been available since the 1950s, a male equivalent has proven more difficult to develop due to physiological differences between male and female reproduction. Several potential male contraceptive methods have been studied, including Gossypol and RISUG, but all have faced barriers like side effects or lack of funding. The responsibility of contraception is also seen as an impediment, as women may not trust their partners to take a male pill consistently. Overall, the document examines the challenges surrounding the development of an effective, reversible male contraceptive.
This document discusses various family planning methods, including natural and artificial options. It describes three natural family planning techniques: the rhythm method which tracks menstrual cycles, basal body temperature monitoring, and cervical mucus monitoring. Other natural options mentioned include lactational amenorrhea and coitus interruptus. The document then outlines several artificial contraceptive methods like hormonal pills and injections, transdermal patches, vaginal rings, implants, IUDs, diaphragms, cervical caps, condoms, and surgical options like vasectomy and tubal ligation.
Family planning refers to methods used to prevent pregnancy and control the timing and spacing of births. Contraceptive methods include barrier methods, hormonal methods, intrauterine devices, sterilization procedures, and emergency contraception. Effective family planning counseling involves creating a private and respectful environment, engaging in two-way communication, maintaining confidentiality, and showing empathy without judgment. The document outlines various contraceptive methods, their mechanisms of action, effectiveness, advantages, and disadvantages to help counsel patients on the options best suited to their needs and circumstances.
When using oral contraceptives (oral pills), chances of getting pregnant do not exceed 1%. The duration of using oral pills does not affect the chances of getting pregnant. Therefore, women can take oral pills for many years, without worrying about unplanned pregnancy.
A basic powerpoint dedicated to giving just the facts about birth control. This powerpoint does NOT bring in the subject of abortion, politics, or religion/spirituality.
Reproductive health refers to total well-being in all aspects of reproduction including physical, emotional, behavioral, and social factors. A reproductively healthy society has physically and functionally normal reproductive organs as well as normal emotional and behavioral interactions among individuals regarding sex. Reproductive and child health programs aim to create awareness about reproduction and provide support for building healthy societies. Introducing sex education in schools can provide accurate information to youth and discourage myths, while educating all groups on issues like family planning and maternal/child care can address building socially healthy communities.
This document discusses various topics related to fertility control and contraception. It provides information on the history and types of birth control methods, including barriers, hormonal methods, intrauterine devices, and sterilization. Effectiveness rates are given for different contraceptive methods. Factors that affect compliance and continuation of birth control methods are also examined. Non-contraceptive health benefits and contraindications for certain methods are described. The contraceptive consultation process is outlined.
The document provides information on various contraceptive methods. It discusses:
1. Temporary contraceptive methods including barrier methods (condoms, diaphragms), intrauterine devices, and hormonal contraception (oral contraceptives, injections, patches, rings).
2. Permanent contraceptive methods include sterilization.
3. Oral contraceptives contain estrogen and progestin or just progestin. They prevent pregnancy primarily by suppressing ovulation and thickening cervical mucus. Side effects may include nausea, breast tenderness, and mood changes.
This document provides an overview of various contraceptive methods, including hormonal methods like oral contraceptives, implants, and injections. Intrauterine devices (IUDs) and the intrauterine system (IUS) are discussed as mechanical methods. The document reviews how each method works, effectiveness rates, potential side effects, and other considerations. It also addresses some common misconceptions about contraception and cancer/weight risk. Overall, the document aims to educate about reproductive health and the different options available for preventing pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections.
This document provides information about various contraception options for ages 13-17. It discusses intrauterine devices (IUDs) which are placed in the uterus and are highly effective for 5-10 years. Barrier methods like diaphragms and cervical caps prevent sperm from reaching the cervix, while spermicide can kill sperm. Hormonal options include implants lasting 3 years, injections every 3 months, patches replaced weekly, and oral pills taken daily which are over 90% effective but must be taken correctly. The vaginal ring is inserted for 3 weeks and removed for 1. Emergency contraception can prevent pregnancy for up to 5 days after unprotected sex. Proper use and awareness of potential drug interactions are important
The document discusses overpopulation as a major problem according to Malthus' population theory. It states that birth control is the best way to minimize rapidly increasing populations by allowing couples to choose the timing and spacing of children. The document then describes various natural and artificial birth control methods, including abstinence, rhythm methods, withdrawal, condoms, pills, IUDs, injections, implants, vaginal rings, and cervical cups. It provides effectiveness rates for different birth control methods.
The document provides an overview of various contraception options, including fertility awareness methods, barrier methods like condoms and diaphragms, hormonal methods like pills and implants, intrauterine devices, sterilization procedures, and emergency contraception. Each method is briefly described and its effectiveness, pros, and cons are listed. Options range from non-hormonal barrier methods to long-acting reversible and permanent surgical procedures. The document aims to inform readers about the variety of contraception choices available.
Family planning provides methods to help couples decide the number and timing of children through contraception. Common methods include barrier methods like condoms and diaphragms, hormonal methods like oral contraceptive pills, and long-acting reversible methods like IUDs. Family planning has benefits like improving health outcomes, empowering individuals, and slowing population growth when used correctly. Counseling helps educate eligible couples on the various contraceptive options, their effectiveness, side effects, and proper usage.
The word “hypertension” means regular increase in arterial pressure. Blood pressure is increased when arteries and arterioles are narrowed. Arteries are like water channels feeding the earth and connecting the seas. But in a human body they are filled with the blood circulating between the heart and other bodies. Vasoconstriction may be observed because of regular spasms. The vessels remain narrowed due to thickenings of arterial walls.
Blood pressure is the pressure of circulating blood on blood vessel walls. Abnormal blood pressure and cardiovascular issues are major causes of chronic diseases in men. The normal blood pressure range for men depends on factors like age and time of measurement. Men under 50 typically have a systolic blood pressure of 108-90 and a diastolic blood pressure of 65-48 during the day and night, respectively. Men over 50 typically have a systolic blood pressure of 108-87 and a diastolic blood pressure of 65-50 during the day and night. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle and regular blood pressure monitoring can help men stay within a normal blood pressure range and reduce health risks.
High or low blood pressure may be the symptom of many diseases and pathologies. Control and a regular blood pressure measurement help to timely start a drug treatment and reducing the risk for health.
If you have high blood pressure, it does not mean that you should use anti-hypertensive pills right away. There are many natural ways to lower blood pressure.
Home remedies for high blood pressure instantlyIshita Patel
According to data of American Heart Association, over 74 millions of people have high blood pressure (hypertension). The danger of hypertension lies in that this disease poses a serious risk for the cardiovascular system.
Systolic pressure refers to the pressure in the blood vessels when the heart contracts and pushes blood into the arteries. It normally increases with age. Abnormal systolic pressure is a major risk factor for conditions like heart disease and stroke. Symptoms of high systolic pressure include dizziness and headaches, while low systolic pressure causes reduced energy and concentration problems. Maintaining a normal systolic pressure of 120 mm Hg or lower through lifestyle changes like exercise, diet, avoiding smoking and limiting alcohol can help control blood pressure without medication for many people. For those who need medication, doctors can prescribe different drug classes including diuretics and ACE inhibitors to safely stabilize systolic pressure.
High blood pressure is also known as hypertension. Blood pressure is the amount of force exerted against the walls of the arteries as blood flows through them.
Every year, nearly five million Americans need blood transfusions. An estimated 43,000 pints (or units) of donated blood are used each day in the United States, and one in seven people entering the hospital needs blood. Women are critical to the country’s blood supply, since their role as caregivers sends a message that donating blood is the right thing to do. However, they are also more likely than men to be temporarily restricted from donating because of low hematocrit, or red blood cell levels if they are still menstruating.
Blood donation and transfusion guidelinesIshita Patel
Every year, nearly five million Americans need blood transfusions. An estimated 43,000 pints (or units) of donated blood are used each day in the United States, and one in seven people entering the hospital needs blood. Women are critical to the country’s blood supply, since their role as caregivers sends a message that donating blood is the right thing to do. However, they are also more likely than men to be temporarily restricted from donating because of low hematocrit, or red blood cell levels if they are still menstruating.
Since the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved “the pill” in 1960, it has become the most popular and one of the most effective forms of reversible birth control ever invented. According to The Guttmacher Institute, among U.S. women who use birth control, more than 27 percent use the pill. A 2013 National Health Statistics Report says that 82 percent of women who use contraceptionhave used the pill at some point.e most popular and one of the most effective forms of reversible birth control ever invented. According to Planned Parenthood, among U.S. couples who use birth control, more than 30 percent use the pill.
After 45-50 years of age, you can feel certain natural changes of health state: from well-known vasomotor disorders to essentially affecting the life quality and potential reasons of serious health problems (cardiovascular diseases and osteoporosis). At the same time, women of mature age have got their life experience and they have reached their career top, however, worsening of health state make them avoid any communication and even leave their job position. With estimation of their healthy life way and their care of own health which are the base of good health state in senior age, it should be noted that a good advice in the period of adaptation to a new stage of life is necessary for any woman. And if in the XIX century there was no reason to discuss this problem, because an average woman’s life did not exceed forty years, nowadays success of modern medicine put new tasks.
Activity of female reproductive system is controlled by sex glands: ovaries produced the female sex hormones, such as estrogen and progesterone. Influence of sex hormones is evident in the development of so-called secondary sexual character: constitution, breast, typical female hair pattern.
Hormones are chemical agents, transmitters among different tissues of our organism. Hormones are produced by the endocrine glands. For example, sex hormones are produced mainly by ovaries and in insignificant quantity by adrenal glands. Hormones penetrate in the blood and make a targeted organ start its function activity or stop its work. The blood contains a large quantity of various biologically active agents at the same time, however, different hormones find their targeted organs. How it is going on?
The absolute majority of mature women use hormonal contraceptives to prevent pregnancy. When planning a pregnancy, many women are wondering «How effective is birth control?
Bipolar disorder is a mental illness marked by extreme mood swings from high (mania) to low (depression) and low to high. The mood swings may even become mixed, so you might feel elated and depressed at the same time.
Biofeedback is a technique that teaches people how to control involuntary bodily functions like breathing, muscle tension, and heart rate through the use of electronic or electromechanical devices that provide feedback on these physiological processes. It involves learning to control external signals and eventually internal cues to gain awareness and control over one's body. Biofeedback sessions with a trained professional typically involve sensors attached to the body to monitor functions and provide audio or visual feedback to help the individual learn control through relaxation techniques and practice. While not a cure, biofeedback has been shown to help treat various conditions involving muscle tension and stress and is gaining wider acceptance in mainstream healthcare.
1. The document provides information on self-care options for lower back pain, which is very common and costly.
2. It recommends trying ice or heat, rest, gentle exercise, alternative treatments like acupuncture, and over-the-counter or prescription medications to manage pain.
3. Maintaining good posture, losing weight, reducing stress, and heat/cold therapy can also help lower back pain.
Many men experience symptoms of erectile dysfunction (ED) as they age. Also known as impotence, ED is an occasional (or prolonged) inability to get or maintain an erection. When ED occurs frequently, you might need treatment for an underlying health issue.
Upper back pain can have several potential causes, including lung issues, injuries, muscle strains, and underlying medical conditions. Lung problems like infections can cause upper back pain, especially when coughing or deep breathing, due to strain on the back muscles. It is important to see a doctor to properly diagnose the cause of any upper back pain and receive the right treatment. Left untreated, back pain could indicate a serious issue. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle can help prevent back pain.
Babesiosis is a disease caused by microscopic parasites that infect red blood cells. Many different species (types) of Babesia parasites have been found in animals, only a few of which have been found in people. Babesia microti which usually infects white-footed mice and other small mammals is the main species that has been found in people in the United States. Occasional cases caused by other Babesia species have been detected.
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Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
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In some case, your chronic prostatitis may be related to over-masturbation. Generally, natural medicine Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill can help mee get a cure.
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Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
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Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune Disease
Birth control for men
1. BIRTH CONTROL FOR MEN
The Most CommonMethods ofBirth Control for Men
Most menconsidercare to preventpregnancyfeminineduty.Andyet,totake active partin the defense
of theirpartnersfromunintendedpregnancy,mencanandshould.Here are some examplesof all
currentlyexistingmethodsof male contraception.Let’sconsiderthe mostcommonandusedmethods
of methodsof birthcontrol formenand checktheirefficacyprofile.
The most popular ways of birth control for men:
Coitusinterruptus(pull outmethod,rejectedsexualintercourse)isone of the mostunreliablemethods
of birthcontrol formen.It is believedthatthe effectivenessof the methodislessthan70%, almost
everythirdact can be dangerousbecause asmall amountof spermcan be releasedatthe beginningof
sexual intercourse.Furthermore,sucha“protection”maycause sexual dysfunctioninbothpartners.
Advantages:
doesnotrequire the use of tabletsor othermeans;
free;
not harmful toa body.
1. Artificiallyprolongedsexualact – alsorelatestomethodsunreliable.Of course,itprolongsthe
time of sexual pleasure partnersandusuallydoesnotleadtoejaculation,butcannot guarantee
security,since the spermreleasednotonlyduringorgasm, buttogetherwithalubricant.
Additionally,if thismethodisusedfrequently,itmaycause impotence andhealthproblemsin
men(elevatedbloodpressure andheadache).
2. Condomisone of the bestmethodsof birthcontrol for men.Moderntechnologyoffershigh-
strengthandultra-thinlatex condomsare of differentlengths,colorsandflavors.However,the
condommay burst,and itsuse requiresacertainskill.
Use a condomif you don’thave any barriermethodsof birthcontrol formen.Approximately56% of
menpreferitto condoms.Thisisthe most popularandeffective meansof contraceptionformen.
Today’sproductsare made fromlatex – tightspermsubstance.
Advantages of the method:
highestefficiency(85-97%);
protectsagainstHIV and othersexuallytransmittedinfections;
ease of use and wide availabilityonthe market.
1. Preparationscontaining“androgensandanti-androgens”(large dosesof testosterone) that
cause azoospermia(spermdisappears)andtemporaryinfertility.Abuse of thesedrugscanbe
fraughtfor mendevelopmentof neoplasticprocessesinthe testes.
2. Withproperreception,efficiencyof thismethodof birthcontrol formenis100%. Currentdrugsinclude
hormonesdose 100 timessmallerthanthe firsthormonal drugs.
The drug for birthcontrol for menisextremelyeasytouse: one tabletprovidesthe necessarydose of
levonorgestrel,enoughtopreventpregnancyandmoderatelylow inordertopreventunintended
pregnancyforwomenthe gentlestway.The pillsare safe forthe female body,whichisconfirmedby
numerousclinical studiesworldwide.
1. Subcutaneousimplantformen.Thismethodof birthcontrol formeninvolve ampoules
containing“androgens”surgeonimplantedunderthe skin,where the resolve within2-4weeks.
Duringorgasm there isthrowna small amountof “neutralized” sperm.The effectlastsforkeeps
for 3-5 months.Sometimesthereare notverypleasantside effects(headaches,crampsgenitals,
etc).To continue developmentof improvedinjectable drugsuse 1shotin the arm, annuallyor
monthly.
The onlyadvantage of the implant isthat there is no needto take other preparations or use other
methodsof birth control for men.
1. Cyproterone acetate isthe drugbirthcontrol for menand onlyformen.Constantuse of this
drug leadstoa temporarysterilizationandreduce the numberof sperm.Afterdiscontinuation
of the pill,the volume of spermrecovered,butitisnot clearhow longthe man will be able to
fertilize.
2. Contraceptive tabletscontaining“estrogenandandrogen”cause anincrease insexual desire
and at the same time reduce the qualityof sperm.Youcan consume within1month,and then
for 3-4 monthsto take a break.Fortoo long use of the drug side effectsmayoccur:mental
disorders,decreasedtone andzestforlife.
3. Vasosection(spermectomy)isligationof the spermaticcord,which,if desired,youcanunleash.
Thisis the ideal methodof birthcontrol formenand forthe treatmentof impotence,prevention
of inflammatorychangesafterremoval of prostate tumors.
Advantages:
Effectivenessof the method,more than99%;
Notdifficultlovemakingdoesnotreduce sexual sensation;
The methodisreliable andispermanent.The operationisperformedone time;
The operationissimple,the mass(inthe UnitedStatesoperatedbyhalf amillionmenannually);
There isno effectonlibido,erectionandorgasm(since testiclescontinue toproduce
testosterone).Hormonesare alsomaintained;
It doesnotdecrease the amountof sperm(as spermoccupyonlyabout1% of the volume of
semen).
1. Vasectomyisthe mosthighlyeffectivemethodof birthcontrol formen.Thisoperationconsists
incuttingthe vasdeferens,inwhichthe semencomesfromboth testicles.Aboutamonthafter
herman becomesabsolutelyfruitless.Previously,the maindrawbackof vasectomywasthatthe
3. man wasdeprivedof the possibilitytoconceive achildfora lifetime.Atpresenta“reverse
vasectomy”whencrossedthe vasdeferensbackstapled,andthe managain becomescapable of
fertilization.The abilitytoconceiveachildisrecoveredin90% of cases.
Thissurgical operationfor30 minutes,duringwhichintersectsemenflows.Itdoesnotaffectthe
potencyandlibidoof men.2-3 monthsafterthe sterilizationrequirementforothercontraceptive
disappearscompletely.Efficiencyof thismethodof birthcontrol formenis upto 99%.
highreliability;
surgeryisdone onlyonce.
disadvantages:
1. There isalso a still littleknown methodof birthcontrol formencalledasmale intrauterine
device (IUD).Itlookslike aminiature umbrella,isinsertedthroughthe headof the penisinthe
scrotum.At the endof the spiral isa gel havinga spermicidal effect.
veryeffectiveatpreventingpregnancy;
allowsfertilitytoreturnimmediatelyuponremoval;
do notinterfere withsexual intercourse;
a long-termoption;
relativelyinexpensive.
Doctors are onthe cuspof launchingthe firstnew male contraceptive inmore thana century.Butrather
than a Big Pharmalab,the breakthroughisemergingfromauniversitystartupinthe heartof rural India.
Years of humantrialson the injectable,sperm-zappingproductare comingtoan end,and researchers
are preparingtosubmititfor regulatoryapproval.Resultssofarshow it’ssafe,effective andeasyto
use—butgaininglittle tractionwithdrugmakers.That’sfrustratingitsinventor,whosayshistechnique
couldplaya crucial role incondom-averse populations.
A newbirthcontrol methodformen has the potential towinasmuch as half the $10 billionmarketfor
female contraceptivesworldwideandcutintothe $3.2 billionof annual condomsales,businesses
dominatedbypharmaceutical giantsBayerAG,PfizerInc.andMerck & Co.,accordingto estimatesfrom
the last majordrug companyto explore the area.India’sreversibleprocedure couldcostaslittle as$10
inpoor countries,andmayprovide maleswithyears-longfertilitycontrol,overcomingcompliance
problemsandavoidingongoingcostsassociatedwithcondomsandthe female birth-control pill,whichis
usuallytakendaily.
It couldalsoease the burdenonthe 225 millionwomenindevelopingcountries,whothe WorldHealth
Organizationsayshave anunmetneedforcontraception.Yet,sofar onlya U.S. non-profithastakenup
developmentof the technologyabroad.
For SujoyGuha,the 76-year-oldbiomedical engineerwhoinventedthe product,the challengeistonow
finda companywhowantsto sell it—eventhoughmale contraceptionisanareaBig Pharmahas so far
shownlittle interestin.“The factthatthe bigcompaniesare runby white,middle-agedmaleswhohave
the same feeling—thattheywouldneverdoit—playsamajorrole,”saidHerjanCoelinghBennink,a
4. gynecologyprofessorwhohelpeddevelopthe contraceptivesImplanonandCerazetteasheadof
researchand developmentinwomen’shealthforOrganonInternational from1987 to 2000. “If those
companieswere runbywomen,itwouldbe totallydifferent.”
Guha’stechnique forimpairingmale fertilityreliesonapolymergel that’sinjectedintothe sperm-
carryingtubesinthe scrotum.The gel,whichhas the consistencyof meltedchocolate,carriesapositive
charge thatacts as a bufferonnegativelychargedsperm, damagingtheirheadsandtails, andrendering
theminfertile.
The treatment,knownasreversibleinhibitionof spermunderguidance,orRISUG,is reversedwitha
secondshotthat breaksdownthe gel,allowingspermtoreachthe penisnormally.
The expectedlaunchof RISUG overthe next twoyearswill contribute tothe Indiancontraceptive
market’s17 percentgrowththrough2021, according to a reportlastyear fromPharmaionConsultants,
basednearNewDelhi.
The procedure is98 percenteffectiveatpreventingpregnancy—aboutthe same as condomsif theyare
usedeverytime—andhasnomajorside effects,accordingtoR. S.Sharma, headof reproductive biology
and maternal healthatthe IndianCouncil of Medical Research.About540 menhave receiveditinIndia,
where itcontinuestopreventpregnanciesintheirpartners13yearsaftertreatment,he said.
A submissiontoregulatorsthisyearwillseekapprovalforRISUGas a permanentmethodof birth
control.That will be appendedwithclinical datasupportingreversibility,Sharmasaid.Indiahasmore
marriedwomenwithanunmetneedforfamilyplanningthananyothercountry,andsocial stigmaand a
lack of privacyin storeshaskeptcondomuse to lessthan6 percent.
Globally,mentendtotake a back seatin mattersof contraception.Almost60percentof womenin
spousal relationshipsusedthe contraceptive pill orsome otherformof moderncontraception
worldwide in2015, accordingto a UnitedNationsreport.Incontrast,8 percentreliedontheirmale
partnerusinga condom.
percentreliedontheirmale partnerusingacondom.
A newoptionformale birthcontrol couldgarneras much as half the female contraceptivesmarket,
accordingto researchby Organoninthe 1990s, whenthe Dutch drugmakerpartneredwithGermany’s
ScheringAGon the last majoreffortto developamale birthcontrol pill.Demandwouldcome from
couplesinlong-termrelationshipslookingtoshare family-planningresponsibilitiesandsinglemen
lookingforan alternative tocondomstopreventanunintendedpregnancyfrom casual sex,Coelingh
Benninksaid.
Still,there were questionsatOrganonaboutwhetheritwouldbe worthwhile financiallytodevelopa
newentrantinthe low-margincontraceptivesmarket,andthe projectwaseventuallyshelved,he said.
A researcherpreparessyringesatthe reversible inhibitionof spermunderguidance (RISUG) male
contraceptive R&Dlaboratory.
5. Effortson a hormone-basedmale contraceptive continuedin2008 ina studyco-fundedbythe Bill &
MelindaGatesFoundationandUN agenciesthatwaspublishedinOctober.While the injectedregimen’s
efficacywas“relativelygood”comparedtoothermethods,the studywasterminatedearlyafterasafety
review.The authorsnoteda“relativelyhigh”frequencyof mildtomoderate mooddisorders,sparkinga
mediauproaroverperceiveddouble standardsinthe developmentof contraceptivesbecausethe side
effectsseemedsimilartothose womenexperience onthe pill.
Bayer,whichboughtScheringin2006, stoppedall researchanddevelopmentactivitiesaroundmale
fertilitycontrol aboutadecade ago,saidAstridKranz,a companyspokeswoman.
Althoughanearlierclinical trial involvingthe administrationof hormonesviainjectionandanimplant
was “efficient,withatolerableside effectprofile,”Kranzsaid,the Leverkusen,Germany-based
drugmakerwasn’tconvincedthis“inconvenient”regimenwouldfindsufficientmarketacceptance.
Male contraceptionisn’tanareaof active researchforPfizerandMerck either,representativessaid.
Both companiessell productsforfemale fertilitycontrol.
“In doinganythingabroad,quite substantial moneyisrequired,andthatcan onlycome from the
pharmaceutical industry,”Guhasaid,surroundedbydustystacksof paper,booksand prototype
inventionsthatburyeverysurface inhisoffice atthe IndianInstitute of TechnologyinKharagpur,about
130 kilometers(80miles) westof Kolkata.
Parsemusisworkingonitsownversion,calledVasalgel,thatitplansto manufacture anddistribute at
nearcost—or potentially$10 to $20 per personinlow- andmiddle-income countries—and$400 to $600
perpersoninwealthiermarkets,Elaine Lissner,the foundation’sfounder,saidinanemail.
The foundation,basedinBerkeley,California,isseekingdonationstofundcostlyhumantrials starting
nextyearaftera studyin16 rhesusmonkeyspublishedlastmonthshowedVasalgel wassuccessfulin
preventingconceptionwhilethe primatesfraternizedwithfemalesfor5 to24 months.Guhameantime
has registeredastartupinIndiacalledIcubedGIdeasPvt.Ltd.throughwhichhe is pushingaheadwith
introducingthe technologyinhishome country.He leasedspace ina New Delhi industrial zonein
Januaryafterdevelopingamethodof massproductionusinga governmentgrant.Three coupleswho
participatedinthe clinical trialsgatheredinhisKharagpuroffice inFebruarytoattesttothe need.
KinkarAri,a 39-year-olddaylaborerfroma nearbyvillage,saidthatwhenhe andhiswife Alokadecided
theydidn’twantmore childrentheyhada choice betweentubal ligationforheror vasectomyforhim,
but neithercouldaffordthe time off torecuperate fromthe surgery.Whenapublichealthworkertold
the couple aboutGuha’spromisingalternative,Ari decidedtoenroll inthe study.The injectiontook 15
minuteswithsome local anesthesia,andafterhalf anhour of observationatthe clinic,he saidhe was
able to walkthe 2.5 kilometershome.Twodayslater,he wasbackat work.Ari was soenthusedbythe
procedure,he convincedtwoothercouplestohave itdone,he said.
6. Storieslike thatencourage Guhatopersistwiththe project,he said,eventhoughpatentsonhis
inventionhave longsinceexpiredandhe won’tsee anypersonal financialgainevenif ittakesoff
worldwide.
“Why shouldthe burdenbe borne bythe female only?”he saidinhisoffice afterthe three coupleshad
left.“There hasto be an equal partnership.”
Successesand problems
The shots eliminatedthe needtouse condomsorfemale birthcontrol before engaginginsex.Butthere
were problems. After52 weeks,the cumulative reversibilityof spermproductionwasabout95 per 100
continuingusers.
That meansthat fourweeksafterleavingthe testgroups,fiveof every100 menwere still unableto
produce spermat theirpreviouslevels.Itisnotknownif theirspermproductionincreasedaftertime.
Otheradverse effectsincludedacne,injectionsitepain,increasedlibido,andmooddisorders.Asa
result,followingthe recommendationof anexternal safetyreviewcommittee,the recruitment and
hormone injectionswere terminatedearly.One testsubjectexperienceddepression.Anotherhadan
irregularheartbeat,whichconcernedthe review committee enoughtofinditunwise tocontinue.
Still,asfar as itsprimaryintentof preventingpregnancy,the shotsdidprettywell.Duringthe efficacy
phase of up to 56 weeks,fourpregnanciesoccurredamongthe partnersof the 266 male participants.
That’s a rate of 1.57 per 100 continuingusers.Thatcompareswithan effective rate of 82 percentfor
condomsand 78 percentforwithdrawal.Onlyvasectomyhasbetternumbers,99percent,butnot
everyone isreadyforthatpermanentsolution.
Despite the problems,the shotsearnedhighmarksfromparticipants.
At the conclusionof the trial period,more than 75 percentof participantsreportedbeingwillingtouse
thismethodof contraception.
For more informationvisitusourwebsite:http://www.healthinfi.com