Bipolar disorder is a mental condition characterized by alternating periods of mania and depression. During mania, an individual feels abnormally happy, energetic, or irritable and makes poorly thought out decisions. Depression causes crying, poor eye contact, and a negative outlook. Bipolar disorder is diagnosed based on self-reported experiences and observations by professionals, and can be treated with psychotherapy and medications like lithium, which helps prevent relapses.

1. aTRAYEE
dUTTA
pRIYANKA lAHA

2. bIPOLAR dISORDER IS ...
• a mental condition marked by alternating
periods of elation and depression.
• extreme mood swings from depression to
mania, used to be called manic depressive
disorder.
• very serious and can cause risky behavior,
even suicidal tendencies, and can be treated
with therapy and medication.
1/15/2016 2Xavier Institute of Management, Jabalpur

3. pHASES.....
• The elevated mood is significant and is known
as mania or hypomania depending on the severity
or whether there is psychosis.
• During mania an individual feels or acts
abnormally happy, energetic, or irritable.
• They often make poorly thought out decisions
with little regard to the consequences.
• The need for sleep is usually reduced.
• During periods of depression there may be crying,
poor eye contact with others, and a negative
outlook on life.
1/15/2016 3Xavier Institute of Management, Jabalpur

4. sIGNS
&
sYMPTONS
1/15/2016 4Xavier Institute of Management, Jabalpur

5. .(MANIA)
.
1/15/2016 5Xavier Institute of Management, Jabalpur

6. In the context of bipolar disorder, a mixed state is a condition during which
symptoms of both mania and depression occur at the same time. Individuals
experiencing a mixed state may have manic symptoms such as grandiose
thoughts while at the same time experiencing depressive symptoms such as
excessive guilt or feeling suicidal
1/15/2016 6Xavier Institute of Management, Jabalpur

7. 1/15/2016 7Xavier Institute of Management, Jabalpur

8. cAUSES
1/15/2016 8Xavier Institute of Management, Jabalpur

9. gENETIC
pHYSIOLOGICA
L
nEUROLOGICAL
1/15/2016 9Xavier Institute of Management, Jabalpur

10. pREVENTION
1/15/2016 10Xavier Institute of Management, Jabalpur

11. dIAGNOSIS:
 Bipolar disorder often goes unrecognized and is commonly
diagnosed during adolescence or early adulthood.
 Diagnosis of bipolar disorder takes several factors into account
and considers the self-reported experiences of the symptomatic
individual, behaviour abnormalities reported by family
members, friends or co-workers, and observable signs of illness
as assessed by a psychiatrist, nurse, social worker, clinical
psychologist or other health professional.
 An initial assessment may include a physical exam by a
physician. Although there are no biological tests that are
diagnostic of bipolar disorder, tests may be carried out to
exclude medical illnesses with clinical presentations similar to
that of bipolar disorder.
1/15/2016 11Xavier Institute of Management, Jabalpur

12. 1/15/2016 12Xavier Institute of Management, Jabalpur

13. cRITERIA
&
sUB-TYPES
1/15/2016 13Xavier Institute of Management, Jabalpur

14. Bipolar I disorder: At least one manic episode is necessary
to make the diagnosis; depressive episodes are common in
bipolar disorder I, but are unnecessary for the diagnosis.
Bipolar II disorder: No manic episodes, but one or
more hypomanic episodes and one or more major
depressive episode. Hypomanic episodes do not go to the
full extremes of mania (i.e., do not usually cause severe
social or occupational impairment, and are
without psychosis), and this can make bipolar II more
difficult to diagnose, since the hypomanic episodes may
simply appear as periods of successful high productivity
and are reported less frequently than a distressing,
crippling depression.
1/15/2016 14Xavier Institute of Management, Jabalpur

15. Cyclothymia: A history of hypomanic episodes with
periods of depression that do not meet criteria for
major depressive episodes. There is a low-grade
cycling of mood which appears to the observer as a
personality trait and interferes with functioning.
Bipolar disorder NOS (not otherwise specified): This is a catchall
category, diagnosed when the disorder does not fall within a
specific subtype. Bipolar NOS can still significantly impair and
adversely affect the quality of life of the patient.
1/15/2016 15Xavier Institute of Management, Jabalpur

16. tREATMENT
1/15/2016 16Xavier Institute of Management, Jabalpur

17. Psychotherapy is aimed at alleviating core
symptoms, recognizing episode triggers, reducing
negative expressed emotion in relationships,
recognizing prodromal symptoms before full-
blown recurrence, and, practicing the factors
that lead to maintenance of remission.
A number of medications are used to treat bipolar
disorder. The medication with the best evidence
is lithium, which is effective in treating acute
manic episodes and preventing relapses; lithium is
also an effective treatment for bipolar
depression. Lithium reduces the risk of suicide,
self-harm, and death in people with bipolar
disorder. It is unclear if ketamine is useful in
bipolar as of 2015.
1/15/2016 17Xavier Institute of Management, Jabalpur

18. 1/15/2016 18Xavier Institute of Management, Jabalpur

19. 1/15/2016 19Xavier Institute of Management, Jabalpur