The presentation provides an overview of bipolar disorder, detailing its definition, causes, types, symptoms, and impacts on daily life. Bipolar disorder, characterized by significant mood fluctuations, can lead to depressive and manic episodes, with various subtypes including bipolar I and II. The document also discusses the relationship between bipolar disorder and substance abuse, suicide risk, and the importance of accurate medical diagnosis.

1. BIPOLAR DISORDERS AND
OTHER RELATED DISORDERS
PRESENTED BY:
GROUP 15

2. Overview
This presentation will
cover the,
1. Definition of bipolar
and related disorders
2. Causes and types
3. Symptoms
4. Impacts on life

3. Definition of Bipolar Disorder
•Bipolar disorder also known as manic-depressive
illness is the mental disorder that causes unusual
shifts in mood, energy, activity levels and the
ability to carry out day-to-day tasks
•Patients with bipolar disorder presents with
unusual intense emotional states that occurs in
distinct periods called mood episodes.

4. Definition of Bipolar Disorder
• People who have it may spend
weeks feeling like they're on top
of the world before plunging into
a deep depression. The length of
each high and low varies greatly
from person to person.

5. Causes of Bipolar Disorder
• There is no exactly causes of
bipolar disorder. Current theories
hold that the disorder may result
from a combination of genetic and
other biological as well as
environmental factors. There is also
a relationship in dysfunction of
brain circuits involved in the
regulation of mood, energy,
thinking, and biological rhythms
that may function abnormally in
people with bipolar
disorder resulting in the mood and
other changes associated with the
illness.

6. Describing the Depression Phase of Bipolar Disorder
• Depression phase. Symptoms
include sadness, anxiety, loss of
energy, hopelessness, and
trouble concentrating. They may
lose interest in activities that
they used to enjoy. It’s also
common to gain or lose weight,
sleep too much or too little, and
even think about suicide and
recurrent morbid thoughts.

7. Describing Manic Phase
• During this phase, people feel
super-charged and think they can
do anything. Their self-esteem
soars out of control and it’s hard
for them to sit still. They talk more,
are easily distracted, their thoughts
race, and they don’t sleep enough.
It often leads to reckless behavior,
such as spending sprees, cheating,
fast driving, and substance abuse.
Three or more of these symptoms
nearly every day for a week
accompanied by feelings of intense
excitement may signal a manic
episode.

8. Hypomanic Episode
A distinct period of abnormally
and persistently elevated,
expansive, or irritable behavior
characterized by increased activity
or energy, but of lesser duration
than mania, usually less than 4
days.
Key feature: Little/no impairment
in functioning.

9. Types of bipolar disorder
1. Bipolar I disorder
2. Bipolar II disorder
3. Cyclothymic disorder
4. Bipolar Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (BP-NOS)

10. Bipolar I vs. Bipolar II
• Bipolar I characterized by the
occurrence of manic episodes
with or without a major
depressive episode that is
Manic episode +/- depression +/-
hypomania
Manic episodes = bipolar I and,
• Bipolar II characterized by at
least one depressive episode
with or without a hypomanic
episode no mania episodes

11. Symptoms of “Mixed” Episodes
• When people with bipolar disorder
have depression and mania
symptoms at the same time, or
very close together, this is called a
manic or depressive episode with
mixed features. This can lead to
unpredictable behavior, such as
taking dangerous risks when
feeling hopeless and suicidal but
energized and agitated. Mood
episodes involving mixed features
may be somewhat more common
in women and in people who
develop bipolar disorder at a young
age.

12. CYCLOTHYMIC DISORDERS
This is a chronic, fluctuating mood disturbance
involving numerous periods of hypomanic symptoms and periods of
depressive symptoms that do not meet criteria for hypomania or MDD
• Mild mania and depressive symptoms
• But more chronic fluctuations compared to Bipolar I and II
Usually 2-year period or (1 year for children or adolescents), the
symptoms must be persistent (present more days than not), and any
symptom-free intervals last no longer than 2 months.

13. • The symptoms are not attributable to the physiological effects of a
substance (e.g., a drug of abuse, a medication) or another medical
condition (e.g.,hyperthyroidism)

14. SUBSTANCE/MEDICATION-INDUCED BIPOLAR
DISORDER
• A prominent and persistent disturbance in mood that predominates
in the clinical picture and is characterized by abnormally elevated,
expansive, or irritable mood and abnormally increased activity or
energy that is induced by drugs and other chemical substances

15. Drugs and substances that can cause Bipolar
1) Alcohol
2) Phencyclidine and other hallucinogens
3) Sedative, hypnotic and anxiolytics
4) Cocaine
5) Amphetamine-type-substance (or other stimulant)
6) Other or (unknown substance)

16. BIPOLAR DUE TO ANOTHER MEDICAL
CONDITIONS
• It is characterized by the presence of a prominent and persistent
period of abnormally elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and
abnormally increased activity or energy predominating in the clinical
picture that is attributable to another medical condition.

17. • Among the best known of the medical conditions that can cause a
bipolar manic or hypomanic condition are
1. Cushing’s disease
2. Multiple sclerosis,
3. Parkinson’s disease as well as,
4. Stroke and traumatic brain injuries
5. Antibodies to the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor have
been associated with manic or mixed mood and psychotic
symptoms.

18. How Bipolar Disorder Impacts Daily Life
• When it’s not under control,
bipolar disorder can cause
problems in many areas of life,
including your job, relationships,
sleep, health, and money. It can
lead to risky behavior. It can be
stressful for the people who care
about you and aren’t sure how
to help or may not understand
what’s going on.

19. Risky Behavior And Bipolar Disorder
• Many people with bipolar
disorder have trouble with drugs
or alcohol. They may drink or
abuse drugs to ease the
uncomfortable symptoms of
their mood swings. Substance
misuse also may be prone to
occur as part of the recklessness
and pleasure-seeking associated
with mania.

20. Suicidal Thinking
• People with bipolar disorder are
10-20 times more likely to
commit suicide than others.
Warning signs include talking
about suicide, putting their
affairs in order, and doing very
risky things.
• Women show more prevalence
in committing suicide while men
suicidal cases are less prevalent
but more fatal.

21. Medical Diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder
• A key step is to rule out other
possible causes of extreme
mood swings, including other
conditions or side effects of
some medicines. Psychiatrist
may also talk to people who
know you well to find out if your
mood and behavior have had
major changes.