Bile is a fluid produced by the liver that contains bile acids, bile pigments, lipids, and cholesterol. Bile acids are synthesized from cholesterol in the liver and conjugated with either glycine or taurine to aid in fat digestion. Bile is stored in the gallbladder and released into the small intestine during eating to help break down fats. It is then absorbed back into the enterohepatic circulation with most bile acids recycled, while some are converted to secondary bile acids and excreted in feces.

3. •The bile acids are synthesized in the
liver form cholesterol.
• It contains 24 carbon atoms, 2 or 3
OH groups in steroid nucleus and a
side chain ending in carboxyl group.
•Liver secrete a clear golden yellow
viscous fluid known as bile.
•It is stored in gall bladder and mainly
used in digestion.

4. Bile acid structure

7. Bile consist of inorganic ions and as
well as organic compound.
That is bile acids, bile pigments,
liquids, fatty acids and cholesterol.
Bile acids present as sodium salts of
amide with glycine or taurine.
Glycocholate - Glycine + Cholic acid
Taurocholate – Taurine + Cholic acid

10. In 1848, Germany’s Heinrich Otto
Wieland discovered and
investigated the role of Bile acids
in the Human Body.
In 1927, Wieland was recognized
for those efforts with a Nobel Prize
in Chemistry.

12. Cholesterol (50%) is converted to bile acids
(excreted in feces), serves as a precursor for
the synthesis of steroid hormones, vitamin D,
coprostanol and cholestanol.
In the bile conjugated bile acids exist as
sodium and potassium salts which are
known as Bile salts.

20. The primary bile acids are conjugated
with glycine and Taurine to form
Glycocholic acid
Taurocholic acid
Glycochenodeoxycholic acid
Taurochenodeoxycholic acid

21. Cholic acid is converted into
deoxycholic acid and
chenodeoxycholic acid is
converted to lithocholic acid.
Deoxycholic acid and
lithocholic acid are
secondary bile acids.

27. Liver
Gall
Bladder
Intestine
Muscle
Adipose
Tissue

28. Where do bile acids come from?

29. Bile is a fluid is made and released by the
liver and stored in the gallbladder.
It helps with digestion and breaks down fats
into fatty acids which can be taken into the
body by the digestive tract.
Bile contains:
Mostly cholesterol
Also called bile salts
Billirubin (a breakdown product or RBC )
Water
Body salts ( such as Potassium and Sodium)
Copper and other metals.