The document describes the biosynthesis and characterization of copper oxide nanoparticles from papaya plant extracts. Copper oxide nanoparticles were synthesized using fruit, peel, and leaf extracts of papaya by mixing the extracts with copper sulfate solution. The nanoparticles were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, TEM, SEM, and AFM. UV-Vis analysis showed absorption peaks around 300nm. XRD analysis revealed the crystalline nature of the particles with sizes ranging from 10-20nm. TEM and SEM images showed the spherical morphology of the particles. FTIR showed the presence of functional groups involved in nanoparticle synthesis. The copper oxide nanoparticles exhibited good antimicrobial activity against M. luteus and E. coli.

2. Biosynthesis and characterisation of copper
oxide nanoparticle from papaya plant
Presented by
N.Fathima
Under the guidance of
Dr. R . RAGEL MABEL SAROJA

3. Introduction
 The science and engineering technology of nanosystem is one of the most
demanding and top growing sectors of nanotechnology
 Nano technology is generally considered to be at a size below 0.1 m or 100nm.
 The first scientific description of the properties of nanoparticles was provide in
1857 by michael faraday in his famous paper “Experimental relations of gold to light”.
 Papaya is a member of caricaceae family papaya has more carotene compared to
other fruits such as apple,guavas.
 Papaya also has several industrial uses.

4. Synthetic method
Preparation of fruit extract
25 gm of papaya fruit crushed with 100ml of double distilled water
and filter. The filtrate was collected as sample of fruit extract.
Preparation of peel extract
25 gm of papaya peel crushed with 100ml of double distilled water
and filter. The filtrate was collected as sample of peel extract.
Preparation of leaf extract
25 gm of papaya leaf boiled with 100ml of double distilled water for
70°Cand filter. The filtrate was collected as sample leaf extract.

5. Bio synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticle
Fruit extract
About 4.9 gm of copper sulphate weighed accurately
prepared in the solution of 200ml SMF with distilled water.
10 ml of papaya fruit extract solution was added with 90
ml of copper sulphate solution.
The mixture is allowed stand for 4 hours.
Pink colour solution was turned into dark blue colour.

6. Peel extract
About 4.9 gm of copper sulphate weighed accurately
prepared in the solution of 200ml SMF with distilled water.
10 ml of papaya peel extract solution was added with 90 ml
of copper sulphate solution.
The mixture is allowed stand for 4 hours.
Pink colour solution was turned into brown colour.

7. Leaf extract
About 4.9 gm of copper sulphate weighed accurately
prepared in the solution of 200ml SMF with distilled water.
10 ml of papaya leaf extract solution was added with 90 ml
of copper sulphate solution.
The mixture is allowed stand for 4 hours.
White colour solution was turned into brown colour.

8. Characterization of copper oxide nanoparticle
UV-Vis spectroscopy
Fourier Transform Infra Red Spectroscopy(FTIR)
X-Ray diffraction
Transmission Electron Microscopy(TEM)
Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM)
Atomic Force Microscopy(AFM)
Antimicrobial activity

9. shows the UV-Visible control
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
282
Absorbance
wavelength(nm)

10. UV-Visible spectra of copper oxide nanoparticle from
papaya fruit extract
200 400 600 800 1000 1200
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
287
Absorbance
wave length(nm)

11. UV-Visible spectra of copper oxide nanoparticle
from papaya peel extract
150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
270
Absorbance
wavelength(nm)

12. UV-Visible spectra of copper oxide nanoparticle from
papaya leaf extract
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900
0
1
2
3
4
295
Absorbance
wavelength(nm)

13. 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1142.25
1731.232356.35
773.75
1620.99
(%Transmittance)
wavelength(cm
-1
)
shows the FTIR spectrum of control

14. FTIR spectrum of copper oxide nanoparticle
Papaya fruit extract
4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
615.48
1100.43
3418.82
1384.37
1632.762923.43
%Transmittance
wavelength(cm
-1
)
N-H stretching (3418.82 cm
-1
)
(primary amine)
 C-H stretching (2923.43 cm
-1
)
(Alkane)
N=O stretching(1632.76 cm-1)
(nitrites)
S=O stretching( 1384.37 cm-1)
(sulfate)
C-O stretching(1100.43 cm-1)
(Aliphatic ether)
C-H stretching(615.48 cm-1)
(Alkyne)

15. Papaya peel extract
4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
1150.18
1210.23
658.45
994.97
1624.67
3442.16
(%Transmittance)
wavenumber(cm
-1
)
 N-H stretching(3442.16cm
-1
)
(Primary amine)
 N=O stretching(1624.67cm
-1
)
(Nitrites)
O-O stretching(1210.23cm-1)
(Alcohol)
C-O stretching(1150.18cm-1)
(Aliphatic ether)
C=C bending(994.97cm-1)(Alkene)
O-H bending(658.45cm-1)(Alcohol)

16. Papaya leaf extract
4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
1161.40 660.97
995.26
1197.55
3442.45
1627.34
(%Transmittance)
wavelength(cm
-1
)
N-H stretching(3442.45cm
-1
)
(primary amine)
N=O stretching(1627.34cm
-1
)
(Nitrites)
C-O stretching(1197.55cm
-1
)
(Aliphatic ether)
C-O stretching(1161.40cm
-1
)
(Ester)
C=C bending(995.26cm
-1
)
(Alkane)
O-H bending(660.97cm
-1
)
(Alcohol)

17. XRD pattern of synthesized copper oxide nanoparticle from
papaya fruit extract
The particle size and crystalline nature of copper oxide nanoparticles
was determined by XRD.
The average crystalline size of the synthesized copper oxide nano
particles was calculated to be 14 nm using Debye-Scherrer equation

18. XRD pattern of synthesized copper oxide
nanoparticle from papaya peel extract
Crystalline size of copper oxide nanoparticles was
calculated using the Scherer’s equation and the size was found to be
around 10 nm.

19. XRD pattern of synthesized copper oxide nanoparticle from
papaya leaf extract
The sharp and narrow diffraction peaks indicating
highly crystalline structure nature and also phase purity of
nanoparticles. The particle size will be obtained at 16nm.

20. TEM image of copper oxide nanoparticle from
papaya fruit extract
The TEM images confirm that the obtained copper oxide
nanoparticles are irregular and spherical in morphology with a particle size
of 14 nm.

21. TEM image of copper oxide nanoparticle from papaya
peel extract
The TEM image of copper oxide nanoparticles synthesized using
copper sulphte stabilized by papaya peel extract shows the size of copper oxide
nanoparticles is 12nm.

22. TEM image of copper oxide nanoparticle from papaya
leaf extract
The copper oxide nanoparticles were homogeneous and
agglomerated with a particle size of 20 nm.

23. SEM image of copper oxide nanoparticle from papaya
fruit extract
The surface morphology and size of the nanoparticles were observed
by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis.
The average particle size was found to be 18nm.

24. SEM image of copper oxide nanoparticle from papaya peel
extract
The SEM image clearly showed rough agglomerations of nano structural
homogeneities with spherical morphologies of copper oxide nanoparticles.
The SEM observation showed the presence of agglomerated nanospheres
with an average diameter of 15 nm.

25. SEM image of copper oxide nanoparticle from papaya
leaf extract
The particles are small and uniform size, almost spherical in nature
which is free from agglomeration.
The particle size of copper oxide nano particles was detected as 24 nm.

26. AFM image of copper oxide nanoparticle
2D and 3D image of copper oxide nanoparticle from papaya fruit
extract
The average grain size was found to be 12.5 nm of 3D profile
image.

27. 2D and 3D image of copper oxide nanoparticle from papaya peelextract
The topography of AFM micrographs clearly indicated that the
formulated copper oxide nanoparticle possess spherical in shape.
The particle size of copper oxide nanoparticle was detected as 10.5 nm.

28. 2D and 3D image of copper oxide nanoparticle from papaya
leaf extract
The AFM image depicts that fractal, porous, homogeneous and
densely packed small grains are observed over the entire surface of
scanned area.
The average grain size was found to be 16.4 nm of 3D profile
image.

29. ANTI-MICROBIAL ACTIVITY
Micro organism Zone of inhibition
(mm)
Ampicillin
fruit peel leaf
Gram positive strain
M. luteus (MCC 2155) 10 8 13 16
S. aureus (MCC 2408) 9 7 11 14
B. subtilis (MCC 2511) 8 7 11 14
Gram negative strain
E. coli (MCC 2412) 7 6 11 13
P. putida (clinical
sample)
6 5 10 15
K. pneumoniae (MCC
2451)
7 5 9 14

30. Antimicrobial activity of copper oxide nanoparticle
using papaya plant extract

31. Anti microbial activity of copper oxide nanoparticle
using papaya plant extract
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
fruit peel leaf standard
Series 1
Series 2
Series 3
The Antimicrobial activity of biosynthesised copper oxide nanoparticle from papaya
(fruit,peel,leaf) was carried out on ,M. Luteus and E.coli show good antimicrobial activity
compare with other human pathogens.

32. Conclusion
The metal oxide of copper oxide nanoparticles were synthesized using by papaya fruit,
peel and leaf extract.
The characterization of copper oxide nanoparticle under the uv-visible spectroscopy
analysis show around the peak at 300nm.
FTIR studies confirmed the biofabrication of the copper oxide nanoparticle by the
action of different functional groups present in the extract solution.
The bending vibration and stretching bonds present in the sample was confirmed by
FTIR spectroscopy.
XRD study the copper oxide nanoparticles are crystalline in nature and the size is
around 16nm.
TEM analysis reveals that the copper oxide nanoparticles were spherical in shape and
the size is around 20nm.
The surface morphology of the copper oxide nanoparticle was observed from the SEM
analysis. The average size from 15 nm to24 nm.
Atomic force morphology reveals that the copper oxide nanoparticles are spherical
shape and size ranging between 10 nm to 20 nm.
M. Luteus and E.coli show good antimicrobial activity compare with other human
pathogens.