silver and gold nanoparticles from BLACKCURRANT RIBES NIGRUM and their characterization with FTIR,UV-VIS,TEM,SEM & AFM

1. Name Ayesha Saleem
Roll number 21
Semester 8th
Section Analytical Chemistry
Instructor Dr. Tayyaba Shehzadi
Course code Chem-407
Course title
Luminescence Spectroscopy and Thermal Analysis
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2. Synthesis of nanoparticles by using
Blackcurrant Ribes nigrum
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3. Blackcurrant Blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.) is a shrub commonly grown in
various parts of the world of temperate climate. Its tasteful
fruits are a rich source of vitamin C and other health
beneficial substances such as routine, organic acids, pectins,
micro- and macronutrients and essential oils.
Blackcurrant fruits contain polyphenolic substances with
antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, and antibacterial
properties.
Owing to these properties, polyphenols protect and support
many functions of organs and systems and in particular the
digestive, nervous, and circulatory systems.
Reference : www.healthline.com 3

4. Benefits of
Blackcurrant
People take blackcurrant to help their blood flow, immune system, eye health, gut
health, kidney health.
Blackcurrant extracts are shown to reduce risk factors for metabolic conditions
such as type 1 and 2 diabetes.
Blackcurrants contain many vitamins, such as: A, B-5, B-6, B-1, E . The most
significant is vitamin C.
The benefits of vitamin C are many. The body uses vitamin C to metabolize
protein and form collagen, which is essential for skin care and anti-aging.
Blackcurrant leaves also have a range of properties, including
Antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, Antiviral, Antitoxic, Antiseptic, anticancer.
Blackcurrant seed oil contains gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), a type of omega-6
fatty acid that’s been said to help ease inflammation in the body.
The high GLA and anthocyanin content can help reduce joint or muscles Pain,
Stiffness, Soreness and damage.
Blackcurrant juice is high in potassium and GLA, which can help lower your blood
pressure too.
The GLA also helps cells in your heart resist damage and slows down platelet
clumping in your blood vessels. 4

5. Nanotechnology Nanotechnology has shown remarkable applications in
biomedicine, diagnosis and antibacterial treatments, and is
now transforming the agricultural sector, particularly with the
development of novel nanopesticides and nanofertilizers.
Metal nanoparticles, especially the noble metals, have mainly
been studied because of their strong optical absorption in the
visible region caused by the collective excitation of free-
electron gas.
Au-NPs are being viewed as fundamental building blocks of
nanotechnology. Also, the gold nanoparticles are employed in
many fields as biosensing, catalysis, electronics, enzyme
electrodes, super conductors and cancer therapy.
Ag-NPs have generated wide interest as they have numerous
applications in different fields, such as dentistry, clothing,
catalysis, mirrors, optics, photography, electronics, and the
food industry.
Reference: www.britannica.com 5

6. Au-NPs
• To prepare the extract:
• 3 g powder of R. nigrum fruit
was boiled with 130 mL
distilled water during 50 min
in temperature 90oC.
• Prepared clear extracts of R.
nigrum fruit were used for
the synthesis of Au
nanoparticles.
• 20 mL extract was mixed
with 0.3 mM
HAuCl4(chloroauric acid) in
ratio 1:1.
• The solution was stirred 24 h
in darkness.
Ag-NPs
• To prepare extract:
• 5 g powder of Ribes
nigrum fruits and boiling
them in 250 ml of sterile
milliQ water for the period of
45 min in the temperature
of 90oC.
• Prepared clear extracts of R.
nigrum fruit were used for
the synthesis of Ag
nanoparticles.
• 20 ml extract was mixed with
10 ml of AgNO3(1 mM).
• The solution was stirred 24 h
in darkness.
Synthesis
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7. Au-NPs
The sample was measured for its maximum absorbance using UV–
Vis spectrophotometry.
UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy was used for determination of
optical properties of Au-NPs in the range 400-700nm.
FTIR was used for the investigation of binding properties of
synthesized Au nanoparticles. Spectral range of 4000– 380 cm -1
with a resolution of 4 cm-1 was used.
TEM was used for the structural characterization of Au-NPs
operating at 80kV.
AFM is used for the study of Surface morphology of the synthesized
Au nanoparticles.
SEM was used for the determination of size of synthesized Au
nanoparticles.
Characterization of Au-NPs.
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8. • The formation of synthesized gold
nanoparticles using fruit extract of R.
nigrum was monitored using UV–Vis spectral
analysis.
• As it is well known, UV–Vis spectroscopy is
the most widely used technique for
structural characterization nanoparticles.
• Also, absorbance of synthesized gold
nanoparticles was monitored after 24 h of
reaction.
• The absorbance of prepared solution was
measured in a wavelength range from 400 to
700 nm.
• Absorption spectra of the reaction media
have absorbance at 537nm which confirmed
the presence of synthesized gold
nanoparticles.
UV-Visible spectroscopy of Au-NPs
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9. FTIR Spectroscopy for Au-NPs
• The study identified the biomolecules present in
extracts of R. nigrum fruit that are responsible
for the reduction and stabilization processes of
the green synthesis of nanoparticles.
• Also, in the sample the peaks at 3307cm_1
,2140cm_1, 1634 cm_1, 426cm_1 and 398cm_1were
observed.
• The band at 3307cm_1 corresponds to hydroxyl
group of alcohols and phenols. The peaks at
2140cm_1 and 1634cm_1are characteristic of the
double bonds such as C=C, C=O, C=C, C=N.
• These bindings indicate the presence of
bioactive compounds such polyphenols,
anthocyanins, vitamin C and B present in fruit of
R. nigrum.
• Also, FTIR spectra confirm the presence of
compounds that are able to bioreduce nanogold.
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10. TEM and SEM of Au-NPs
• Transmission Electron Microscopy
(TEM) images were used to
characterize the size, shape and
morphology of the particles.
• The TEM images present an approval
with the UV–Vis absorption spectra.
• Average particle size of NP is 20nm.
• The morphology of the synthesized gold
nanoparticles using fruit extract of R.
nigrum was verified by scanning electron
microscope (SEM) Quanta FEG 250 (FEI).
• The selected sizes of the nanoparticles
are from 16.97 nm to 23.66 nm.
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11. AFM topography of Au-NPs
• The measurement of the diameter of
particles was performed on the basis
of the measurement of the particles’
height against the background and
read from the intersections of AFM
topography.
• The diameter of particles, determined
on the basis of 10 measurements, was
12.7 ±3.2 nm.
• This result is consistent with the
measurement of particle diameter
using SEM microscopy.
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References (slide 6-11): Dobrucka, R., Dlugaszewska, J., &
Kaczmarek, M. (2016). Antimicrobial and cytostatic activity of
biosynthesized nanogold prepared using fruit extract of Ribes
nigrum. Arabian Journal of Chemistry.

12. Ag-NPs
UV-vis absorption spectrum of Ag-NPs was performed in the
spectrophotometer Cary E 500.
The reduction of silver ions was monitored by UV-Vis spectrum of
the solution between the ranges of 350–800 nm.
TEM was used for the structural characterization of Ag-NPs
operating at 80kV.
AFM was used for study of surface morphology of the synthesized
Ag-NPs.
SEM was used for determination of sizes of Ag-NPs.
FTIR was used for the investigation of binding properties of
synthesized Ag nanoparticles. Spectral range of 4000– 380 cm -1
.
Characterization of Ag-NPs.
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13. • UV-vis spectra of the synthesized Ag-NPs
using extract of Ribes nigrum fruits.
• The absorbance was read at 48 h, 72 h, 96
h and 120 h after preparing the solution of
Ag-NPs.
• The number and frequency of
measurements stemmed from the fact that
the time required for the complete
reduction of metal ions during the
biosynthesis of metal nanoparticles using
bacteria and fungi is from 24 to 120 h.
• The absorption spectra of the reaction
media have the absorbance at 450 nm that
has confirmed the presence of Ag-NPs.
UV-Vis Spectroscopy for Ag-NPs
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14. • Clear and broad absorbance bands were
observed at 3311 cm−1, 2139 cm−1, 1634
cm−1, 423 cm−1.
• A broad peak at 3311 cm−1 shows O − H
stretching due to alcoholic group. The
intense peaks were observed at 2139 cm−1
and 1634 cm−1, attributed to C = C stretch
in aromatic ring and C = O stretch in
polyphenols present for the fruits of Ribes
nigrum.
• The observed peaks have considered
major functional groups in different
chemical classes such as polyphenols and
anthocyanins.
• It is confirmed, among others, by studies
on the content of biologically active
substances in Ribes nigrum.
• Due to such properties of the compounds,
the fruit extract of Ribes nigrum was used
in order to synthesize Ag-NPs.
FTIR of Ag-NPs
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15. • The TEM images of synthesized Ag-NPs
using the water extract of Ribes
nigrum show that the particles are
monodispersed and spherical in shape.
• The size range of the nanoparticles
was found to be 5–10 nm.
• Imaging by means of SEM microscopy
shows the presence of nanoparticles from
35.15 nm to 59.60 nm.
• The particles are larger than those
visualized by transmission electron
microscopy.
• The particle sizes determined by means
of TEM were from 5 nm to 10 nm.
TEM and SEM of Ag-NPs
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16. • AFM measurements indicate the presence
of nanoparticles with typical diameters of
about 8 nm.
• This result is consistent with the
measurement of particle diameter using
transmission electron microscopy.
• Figure presents the AFM images of the
synthesized Ag-NPs using the fruit extract
of Ribes nigrum. Figure (a) shows the
topography for AFM 5 μm × 5 μm and figure
6(b) shows the topography for AFM 3 μm × 3
μm.
•
AFM topography of Ag-NPs
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References(slide 12-16): Dobrucka, R., Kaczmarek, M., &
Dlugaszewska, J. (2018). Cytotoxic and antimicrobial effect of
biosynthesized silver nanoparticles using the fruit extract of Ribes
nigrum. Advances in Natural Sciences: Nanoscience and
Nanotechnology, 9(2), 025015.

17. Nano particle Synthesis Method Characterization Applications
Gold 3g+150mL distilled
water heat at 90oC for
50mins.
UV-Vis ,FTIR
,SEM,TEM & AFM.
bio sensing, catalysis,
electronics, enzyme
electrodes, super
conductors and
cancer therapy.
20 mL extract was
mixed with 0.3 mM
HAuCl4 in ratio 1:1.
Silver 5g+150mL distilled
water heat at 90oC for
50mins.
UV-Vis ,FTIR
,SEM,TEM & AFM.
dentistry, clothing,
catalysis, mirrors,
optics, photography,
electronics, and the
food industry.
20 ml extract was
mixed with 10 ml
of AgNO3(1 mM).
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18. Techniques Gold Nanoparticles
Au-NPs
Size (nm)
Silver nanoparticles
Ag-NPs
Size (nm)
UV-Vis 537nm 450nm
FTIR Peaks at 3307cm_1 ,2140cm_1, 1634
cm_1, 426cm_1 and 398cm_1were
observed.
Absorbance bands were observed at
3311 cm−1, 2139 cm−1, 1634 cm−1, 423
cm−1.
SEM Morphology of NP is determined. The
selected sizes of the nanoparticles
are from 16.97 nm to 23.66 nm.
Morphology shows the presence of
nanoparticles from 35.15 nm to
59.60 nm.
TEM Gold nanoparticles with hexagonal,
triangle and spheres shapes. The
average particle size of
Au-NP is 20 nm.
The size range of the nanoparticles
was found to be 5–10 nm.
AFM The diameter of particles,
determined on the basis of 10
measurements, was 12.7 ±3.2 nm.
The nanoparticles with typical
diameters of about 8 nm.
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19. Au-NPs
• Base on the study, the prepared gold nanoparticles using
fruit extract of Ribes nigrum offer effective bioactive
factor for growth inhibition of bacteria and fungi.
• The conducted studies constitute the basis for further
investigations of the potential use of nanogold as
chemotherapeutics.
Ag-NPs
• Based on the obtained results, synthesized Ag-NPs
demonstrated the excellent antimicrobial effects.
Moreover, biosynthesized Ag-NPs exhibited high efficacy
against human lung cancer.
• Such results provide opportunities in the search of an
effective anti-cancer lead.
Conclusion
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20. FTIR- Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
TEM- Transmission electron microscopy
SEM- Scanning electron microscopy
AFM- Atomic force microscopy
NP - Nano Particle
Au - Aurum
Ag - argentum
Used terms
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21. Any Question
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