The biosphere is the sum of all living organisms and their environments, first introduced by geologist Zuk in 1875. It serves functions such as energy transformation, maintaining atmospheric gas levels, obtaining chemical elements, and breaking down organic matter. The biosphere has evolved over 3.5 billion years through three main stages, reflecting increasing complexity and productivity, alongside human impact via the technosphere.

1. Biosphere-Origin ,Structure &
Development
Presented by Alexander
10b

2. What is the Biosphere?
-The term biosphere was introduced by the
Austrian geologist Zuk in 1875
-The biosphere is the total sum of all living
organisms and parts of physical environment
which are being changed by the vital activity
of organisms. In other words the part of the
Earth’s surface and atmosphere in which
there are living organisms.

3. Functions of the organisms in the
biosphere
4 main functions:
-transform energy
-maintain the gas content of the atmosphere
constant
-obtain chemical elements from the physical
environment
-break down organic matter into inorganic one

4. Functions of the organisms in the
biosphere
-Energy transformation-green plants convert
light energy into chemical energy that animals
use. Thus chemical energy is distributed
between all living organisms
-Maintaining the gas content-O is released in
the process of photosynthesis and CO - in the
process of respiration.The constant quantity
of O & CO in the atmosphere is a result of the
vital activity of organisms.
2
2
2
2

5. Functions of the organisms in the
biosphere
-Obtaining chemical elements-organisms obtain
some chemical elements ,necessary for their
construction ,from their physical env.
-Breaking down of organic matter-Decomposers
transform organic compounds into inorganic
ones and in this way plants can use them
again.

6. Boundaries of the Biosphere
-Atmosphere boundary-the ozone layer(Spores
of microorganisms can be encountered at a
height of 22km)
-Hydrosphere boundary-living organisms are
encountered even in the Marian trench
-Lithosphere boundary-A great number of
bacteria are found in oil wells at a depth of
2km.Very few bacteria are found at a depth of
4km.

8. Biosphere development and evolution
The biosphere came into being when life began
on Earth(~3,5 billion years ago). Since then the
biosphere has constantly been changing as
the species diversity has been increasing it has
become more complex and it’s productivity
has increased.

9. Biosphere development and evolution
The evolution of the biosphere has passed
through three basic stages:
-First stage-biochemical cycles originate and
energy flows through them
-Second stage-life moves on land and the
structure of the biosphere becomes more
complex
-Third stage-the species of man originates and
the techno sphere has comes into being.