This document contains a presentation outline for a study on photoplethysmogram (PPG) based biometric identification incorporating age and physiological variability. The presentation includes an introduction to the problem statement and research questions. It outlines the research objectives, methodology including literature review, expected outcomes and milestones. It discusses biometrics, PPG signals, types of biometrics and how biometric systems work. The document reviews related literature and limitations of prior work. It proposes specific objectives for the study and outlines the research activities and timeline.

1. In the name of allah who Is most mercIful and
most BenefIcent

2. Presenter:
Syed Absar Kazmi
G1220119
MSc (Electronics)
1st Semester
Supervisor : Dr. Khairul Azami
.
Study of Photoplethysmogram (PPG) Based
Biometric Identification Incorporating Age and
Physiological Variability

3. Introduction
Problem statement/significance
Research question/Hypothesis
Research objective: Key & specific
Research Methodology
Literature Review
Expected outcomes
Milestone
References
OUTLINE

4. What is "Biometrics"
• Biometrics (“Bio-“ stands for life and“metric” is to measure)
• It actually measures and analyze the biological traits of a human
being.
• Biometric is the automated process of identifying or verifying an
individual based upon his or her behavioural or physical charteristics

5. HISTORY OF BIOMETRICS
• Biometrics was used during prehistoric times.
• Chinese used fingerprinting in the 14th
Century for
identification.
• In the 17th
century fingerprinting was used to seal official
documents.

6. Why Biometrics?
Identity theft is not possible
Password remembrance problem does not exist
Cannot be predicted or hacked
Cannot be shared
Percieved as more secure

7. Characteristics of Biometrics
• Automated method of recogninizing an individual is based on two main
characteristics
• Physical characteristics are related to physical shape of the body for
instance,fingerprint ,face recongnition,hand geometry,iris reconnition
etc..
• Behavioural characteristics are related to the behaviour of a person for
instance voice pitch,speaking style,typing rthym ,signature etc..

8. Types of Biometrics First Generation

9. Hemoglobin light absorption spectrum
 Hemoglobin absorbs the Red and
Infra-red light rays
 Red light is reflected back
 Infra-red light penetrates through
 Feature basis the Pulse oximetry and
Photoplethysmography (PPG)
Fig Hemoglobin light absorption spectra

10. Photoplethysmogram (PPG)
 PPG is based on the idea that the light absorption changes
due to variation in the cardiac induced blood
 PPG signal is composed of the following major
components
a) The high frequency AC signal due to fluctuating
arterial blood
b) The low frequency AC signal due to fluctuations in
venous blood
c) The DC signal for capillaries, bones and skin-color
Fig Absorption of light due to mutiple
components of PPG
Fig 1. Easy Pulse Sensor with
Arduino Board
Fig PPG signal for
standing condition

11. How does a biometric system work?
• The system works in two steps. First, it must process the collection of your biometric trait,
This is known as enrollment which is electronics representation known as templateThe
second step is when the system checks your charteristics in the databases to verify or
identify your identity.
• Verification
• one to one verifiication
• 1:1 ratio
• system will macthes with single template in database and provide the result
• Identification
• one to many
• 1:N
• system will macthes with several templates in database and provide the result

12. Biometric Identificaiton
Biometric identification system complements traditional security mechanisms such as pin
numbers,passwords and ID cards.Its operation is based on pattern recognitionn method by
acquiring physical traits from individual using sensors which is regarded as biometric samples
(recognition data ) and matching these samples with template dataset (enrolment data).the
identification process is shown in figure

13. Problem Statement
The main features going to consider as follows,
1. -This work is to increase the acceptability of PPG based biometric identification by
incorporating age and physiological varibility.
2.We will develop a robust and reliable PPG based biometric identification system
incorporating physical conditions to overcome fluctuations.
3.Currently, many researches are doing feature extraction techniques, However there are still
some open issues such as the fluctuations,destortion taking in consideration will propose
Simple extraction techniques to select unique and discreminant attributes.

14. Objective
• This study embarks on the following objectives
1.To determine the effect of applying biometric identification on PPG signals
incorporated with different age group and physiological variability
2.To propose an innovative biometric sample extraction technique that is simple and
accurate using PPG signals with different age group and physiological conditions.
3.To analyze the performance of the system design .

15. Research Methodology
» Analytical study
» Development
» Design
» Implementation
» Avaluation
– Comparison of our solution with a Benchmark
– Preparation and Submission of final Dissertation
report

16. Letrature review
Modelling of PPG based biometric mechanism
Identify and extract salient features in different conditions and age groups
Experimentations/Optimize parameters/Classifier
Analyze results and conclusion
Research Activities

17. Literature Review
Reference
Work Findings Limitations
[4-8]
PPG based person identification system is an active
research, and related work has been done on subjects
in resting condition only
different age group and
physiological variability affect are not
considered towards subject
identification
[4] Total 17 subjects were considered and arfacts has been
taken when subjects were in rest conditionon chair to
ensure that their muscles were in relaxed condition
.Verification was carried our based on Euclidean
distance between sample and template vectors
when compared with other types of
biometrics .such as fingerprint,iris or
ECG these well known and commonly
used modalities are superior in terms
of calssifying individulas
[5] 17 healthy subjects were under investigation samples
has been taken for 1 minute fuzzy logic was
implemented for featue extraction for two different
triats
The physiological conditions of hte
volunteers during data acquisition
were unclear
[7] The paper designed a hardware to collect PPG focused
on signal amplification so the result enmhance the
ability to generate a good dataset for biometric
The experiment and results were not
focusing on classification
performance such as accuracy rate

18. Expected Outcomes
New method of PPG based biometric identification will capable to identify
individuals based on age groups and different physiological conditions.
Noval technique of PPG based identification incorporating physiological
varibility.The capacity to solve this issue suggest a practical biometric system
whcih is able to recognize in different enviroments.
publishing article(s) in revered international or local journals and thesis.

19. Specific or Potential biometric Implications
Goveronment
Digital Signature,Criminal identification ,e-passport,National ID,Driving liecense
Private Sector:
Entry control security,Online transaction,Bank security
Education facilities
School and academics
Financial institutions
ATM ,Credit cards & online services
Web Implications
Secure transactionate,Corporate applicaitons
Army & Homeland security
Verifying army personals in battle fields
Public Sector
Recognizing patient for remote monitoring facilites ,Insurance

20. Milestone
S.no Research Activities Jan Feb March April May June July August September
1 Literature Review
,Research studies and
required analysis
2
Modelling of PPG based
biometric mechanism
3.
Improvising on PPG
based person
identification
techniques
4
Identify and extract the
salient features based
on different age groups
and physiological.
5
Results ,finding and
publication from the
research work
6 Thesis Writing

21. Research Publications
1. Mansoor Hussain Shah, Syed Absar Kazmi, Khairul Azami Sidek and Sheroz
Khan, Fatema-tuz-Zohra Iqbal "Photoplethysmographic Based Heart Rate
Variability for Different Physiological Conditions" SCORed 2014
2.Mansoor Hussain Shah, Syed Absar Kazmi, Khairul Azami Sidek and Sheroz
Khan, Fatema-tuz-Zohra Iqbal "Power Spectrum Density Based Analysis of
Photolythsmographic signal for different physiological Conditions"
• ICSIMA 2014
3. Mansoor Hussain Shah ,Sheroz Khan , Khairul Azami Sidek , Syed Absar
Kazmi
"Measurement of Photoplythsmography signal for Heart Rate Variability and
comparison of two different Age Groups " I2MTC

22. References
[9] http://www.umanick.com/en/biometric-system-work/
[4] A novel biometric approach in human verification by photoplethysmographic signals
Information Technology Applications in Biomedicine, 2003.
4th International IEEE EMBS Special Topic Conference Written by: Gu, Y.Y.; Zhang,
Y.; Zhang, Y.T.
[6] Photoplethysmographic authentication through fuzzy logic
Gu, Y.Y. ; Joint Res. Center for Biomed. Eng., Chinese Univ. of Hong Kong, Shatin, China ; Zhang, Y.T
Biomedical Engineering, 2003. IEEE EMBS Asian-Pacific Conference
[8] Feasibility study of photoplethysmographic signals for biometric identification
Spachos, P. ; Jiexin Gao ; Hatzinakos, D.
Digital Signal Processing (DSP), 2011 17th International Conference on
DOI: 10.1109/ICDSP.2011.6004938
A Pilot Study on Using Derivatives of Photoplethysmographic Signals as a Biometric Identifier
[10] Jianchu Yao ; Xiaodong Sun ; Yongbo Wan
Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2007. EMBS 2007.
29th Annual International Conference of the IEEE

23. References
[11] A Pilot Study on Using Derivatives of Photoplethysmographic Signals as a Biometric Identifier
Jianchu Yao ; Xiaodong Sun ; Yongbo Wan
Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2007. EMBS 2007. 29th Annual International Conference of the
[12] Design of a photoplethysmographic sensor for biometric identification
Yongbo Wan ; Xiaodong Sun ; Yao, J.
Control, Automation and Systems, 2007. ICCAS '07. International Conference on

24. Thank
You……….
Any queries?