Social health program; role of world health organization in Indian national p...Dr. Sharad Chand
This topic explains the Social health program; the role of the world health organization in the Indian national program. This is useful for understanding the importance of social health and the role of WHO.
According to a Lancet study (2012), in India, tobacco-related cancers represented 42·0% of male and 18·3% of female cancer deaths
India also has one of the highest rates of oral cancer in the world as the consequence of high prevalence of smokeless tobacco use
Social health program; role of world health organization in Indian national p...Dr. Sharad Chand
This topic explains the Social health program; the role of the world health organization in the Indian national program. This is useful for understanding the importance of social health and the role of WHO.
According to a Lancet study (2012), in India, tobacco-related cancers represented 42·0% of male and 18·3% of female cancer deaths
India also has one of the highest rates of oral cancer in the world as the consequence of high prevalence of smokeless tobacco use
A decentralized system of disease surveillance for timely and effective public health action with a focus on functional integration of surveillance components of various vertical programmes.
Polio is a viral disease that destroys the nerve cells present in the spinal cord causing paralysis or muscle weakness to some part of the body.
Pulse Polio Programme was launched in 1995 after a resolution for a global initiative of polio eradication was adopted by World Health Assembly (WHA) in 1988.
This ppt contains all the information about National Leprosy Eradication programme (NLEP). It is useful for students of the medical field learning Preventive and social medicine, Swasthavritta (Ayurved) and everyone who is interested in in knowing about it
A decentralized system of disease surveillance for timely and effective public health action with a focus on functional integration of surveillance components of various vertical programmes.
Polio is a viral disease that destroys the nerve cells present in the spinal cord causing paralysis or muscle weakness to some part of the body.
Pulse Polio Programme was launched in 1995 after a resolution for a global initiative of polio eradication was adopted by World Health Assembly (WHA) in 1988.
This ppt contains all the information about National Leprosy Eradication programme (NLEP). It is useful for students of the medical field learning Preventive and social medicine, Swasthavritta (Ayurved) and everyone who is interested in in knowing about it
In South Africa, we’re concerned about the burden of tobacco and especially about the tactics adopted by the tobacco industry to target youth. Research shows tobacco use is often initiated and established during adolescence and young adulthood.”
Smoking remains a major preventable cause of disease and premature death globally. Read more http://www.cansa.org.za/avoid-tobacco/
Dr. Terry F. Pechacek, professor of health management and policy at the School of Public Health at Georgia State University, discusses strategies for tobacco control, including the impact of of e-cigarettes.
NPCDCS, NP-NCDs, recent updates in national program for non-communicable diseases, components under NPCDCS, Objectives, strategies, behavioral changes, health activities at sub-center, at community health center, at district hospital, urban health check up scheme, cancer component, tobacco control legislation, provisions under COTPA act, NTCP.
ICH Guidelines for Pharmacovigilance.pdfNEHA GUPTA
The "ICH Guidelines for Pharmacovigilance" PDF provides a comprehensive overview of the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) guidelines related to pharmacovigilance. These guidelines aim to ensure that drugs are safe and effective for patients by monitoring and assessing adverse effects, ensuring proper reporting systems, and improving risk management practices. The document is essential for professionals in the pharmaceutical industry, regulatory authorities, and healthcare providers, offering detailed procedures and standards for pharmacovigilance activities to enhance drug safety and protect public health.
The Importance of Community Nursing Care.pdfAD Healthcare
NDIS and Community 24/7 Nursing Care is a specific type of support that may be provided under the NDIS for individuals with complex medical needs who require ongoing nursing care in a community setting, such as their home or a supported accommodation facility.
Leading the Way in Nephrology: Dr. David Greene's Work with Stem Cells for Ki...Dr. David Greene Arizona
As we watch Dr. Greene's continued efforts and research in Arizona, it's clear that stem cell therapy holds a promising key to unlocking new doors in the treatment of kidney disease. With each study and trial, we step closer to a world where kidney disease is no longer a life sentence but a treatable condition, thanks to pioneers like Dr. David Greene.
India Clinical Trials Market: Industry Size and Growth Trends [2030] Analyzed...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, "India Clinical Trials Market- By Region, Competition, Forecast & Opportunities, 2030F," the India Clinical Trials Market was valued at USD 2.05 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.64% through 2030. The market is driven by a variety of factors, making India an attractive destination for pharmaceutical companies and researchers. India's vast and diverse patient population, cost-effective operational environment, and a large pool of skilled medical professionals contribute significantly to the market's growth. Additionally, increasing government support in streamlining regulations and the growing prevalence of lifestyle diseases further propel the clinical trials market.
Growing Prevalence of Lifestyle Diseases
The rising incidence of lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer is a major trend driving the clinical trials market in India. These conditions necessitate the development and testing of new treatment methods, creating a robust demand for clinical trials. The increasing burden of these diseases highlights the need for innovative therapies and underscores the importance of India as a key player in global clinical research.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V - ROLE OF PEADIATRIC NURSE.pdfSachin Sharma
Pediatric nurses play a vital role in the health and well-being of children. Their responsibilities are wide-ranging, and their objectives can be categorized into several key areas:
1. Direct Patient Care:
Objective: Provide comprehensive and compassionate care to infants, children, and adolescents in various healthcare settings (hospitals, clinics, etc.).
This includes tasks like:
Monitoring vital signs and physical condition.
Administering medications and treatments.
Performing procedures as directed by doctors.
Assisting with daily living activities (bathing, feeding).
Providing emotional support and pain management.
2. Health Promotion and Education:
Objective: Promote healthy behaviors and educate children, families, and communities about preventive healthcare.
This includes tasks like:
Administering vaccinations.
Providing education on nutrition, hygiene, and development.
Offering breastfeeding and childbirth support.
Counseling families on safety and injury prevention.
3. Collaboration and Advocacy:
Objective: Collaborate effectively with doctors, social workers, therapists, and other healthcare professionals to ensure coordinated care for children.
Objective: Advocate for the rights and best interests of their patients, especially when children cannot speak for themselves.
This includes tasks like:
Communicating effectively with healthcare teams.
Identifying and addressing potential risks to child welfare.
Educating families about their child's condition and treatment options.
4. Professional Development and Research:
Objective: Stay up-to-date on the latest advancements in pediatric healthcare through continuing education and research.
Objective: Contribute to improving the quality of care for children by participating in research initiatives.
This includes tasks like:
Attending workshops and conferences on pediatric nursing.
Participating in clinical trials related to child health.
Implementing evidence-based practices into their daily routines.
By fulfilling these objectives, pediatric nurses play a crucial role in ensuring the optimal health and well-being of children throughout all stages of their development.
Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
The dimensions of healthcare quality refer to various attributes or aspects that define the standard of healthcare services. These dimensions are used to evaluate, measure, and improve the quality of care provided to patients. A comprehensive understanding of these dimensions ensures that healthcare systems can address various aspects of patient care effectively and holistically. Dimensions of Healthcare Quality and Performance of care include the following; Appropriateness, Availability, Competence, Continuity, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Efficacy, Prevention, Respect and Care, Safety as well as Timeliness.
Medical Technology Tackles New Health Care Demand - Research Report - March 2...pchutichetpong
M Capital Group (“MCG”) predicts that with, against, despite, and even without the global pandemic, the medical technology (MedTech) industry shows signs of continuous healthy growth, driven by smaller, faster, and cheaper devices, growing demand for home-based applications, technological innovation, strategic acquisitions, investments, and SPAC listings. MCG predicts that this should reflects itself in annual growth of over 6%, well beyond 2028.
According to Chris Mouchabhani, Managing Partner at M Capital Group, “Despite all economic scenarios that one may consider, beyond overall economic shocks, medical technology should remain one of the most promising and robust sectors over the short to medium term and well beyond 2028.”
There is a movement towards home-based care for the elderly, next generation scanning and MRI devices, wearable technology, artificial intelligence incorporation, and online connectivity. Experts also see a focus on predictive, preventive, personalized, participatory, and precision medicine, with rising levels of integration of home care and technological innovation.
The average cost of treatment has been rising across the board, creating additional financial burdens to governments, healthcare providers and insurance companies. According to MCG, cost-per-inpatient-stay in the United States alone rose on average annually by over 13% between 2014 to 2021, leading MedTech to focus research efforts on optimized medical equipment at lower price points, whilst emphasizing portability and ease of use. Namely, 46% of the 1,008 medical technology companies in the 2021 MedTech Innovator (“MTI”) database are focusing on prevention, wellness, detection, or diagnosis, signaling a clear push for preventive care to also tackle costs.
In addition, there has also been a lasting impact on consumer and medical demand for home care, supported by the pandemic. Lockdowns, closure of care facilities, and healthcare systems subjected to capacity pressure, accelerated demand away from traditional inpatient care. Now, outpatient care solutions are driving industry production, with nearly 70% of recent diagnostics start-up companies producing products in areas such as ambulatory clinics, at-home care, and self-administered diagnostics.
CRISPR-Cas9, a revolutionary gene-editing tool, holds immense potential to reshape medicine, agriculture, and our understanding of life. But like any powerful tool, it comes with ethical considerations.
Unveiling CRISPR: This naturally occurring bacterial defense system (crRNA & Cas9 protein) fights viruses. Scientists repurposed it for precise gene editing (correction, deletion, insertion) by targeting specific DNA sequences.
The Promise: CRISPR offers exciting possibilities:
Gene Therapy: Correcting genetic diseases like cystic fibrosis.
Agriculture: Engineering crops resistant to pests and harsh environments.
Research: Studying gene function to unlock new knowledge.
The Peril: Ethical concerns demand attention:
Off-target Effects: Unintended DNA edits can have unforeseen consequences.
Eugenics: Misusing CRISPR for designer babies raises social and ethical questions.
Equity: High costs could limit access to this potentially life-saving technology.
The Path Forward: Responsible development is crucial:
International Collaboration: Clear guidelines are needed for research and human trials.
Public Education: Open discussions ensure informed decisions about CRISPR.
Prioritize Safety and Ethics: Safety and ethical principles must be paramount.
CRISPR offers a powerful tool for a better future, but responsible development and addressing ethical concerns are essential. By prioritizing safety, fostering open dialogue, and ensuring equitable access, we can harness CRISPR's power for the benefit of all. (2998 characters)
2. INTRODUCTION
• Tobacco has been identified as the foremost cause of death and
disease that is entirely preventable.
• There are two types of tobacco products that are commonly used: 1.
1. smoking tobacco
2. smokeless tobacco.
• Smoking tobacco products include bidis, cigarettes, pipes, cigars,
hookah.
Smokeless tobacco products are chewing tobacco, betel quid with
tobacco, khaini, gutka, pan masala with tobacco.
• Workers engaged in tobacco cultivation suffer from an occupational
illness known as green tobacco sickness (GTS), an acute form of
nicotine toxicity resulting from absorption of nicotine through the skin.
3. GLOBALAND INDIA SCENARIO
As per WHO, if current trends continue, by 2030 tobacco use will
kill more than 8 million people worldwide each year.
• Nearly 8 - 9 lakh people die every year in India due to diseases
related to tobacco.
• Nearly 50% of cancers in males and 25% cancers in females in
India are directly attributed to tobacco use.
• Major risk factor for Cancer, Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD),
Diabetes, Chronic Lung Disease, stroke, infertility, blindness,
Tuberculosis (TB), Oral Cavity etc.
4. EVOLUTION OF NTCP
• The National Tobacco Program was launched in 2007 - 08
under 11 th Five Year Plan .
• India is party to the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco
Control (FCTC) and is committed to implementing all provisions
of this international treaty.
• In order to protect the youth and masses from the adverse
effects of tobacco usage and to discourage the consumption of
tobacco the Govt. Of India enacted and comprehensive tobacco
control law namely – “Cigarettes and other Tobacco Products
(Prohibition of Advertisement and Regulation of Trade and
Commerce, Production, Supply and Distribution) Act, 2003. (
COTPA-2003 )
5. AIMS OF NTCP
• Promote a healthful environment by prohibiting smoking in public
places.
• Help the people quit tobacco use.
• To bring about greater awareness about the harmful effects of
tobacco use and Tobacco.
• Regulate and subsequently ban all tobacco related AD’S and
promotions.
• To fulfill the obligations under the WHO Framework Convention on
Tobacco Control (FCTC).
6. OBJECTIVES
• To bring about greater awareness about the harmful effects
of tobacco use and Tobacco Control Laws.
• To facilitate effective implementation of the Tobacco
Control Laws.
Ensure effective implementation of the COTPA 2003
• The objective of this program is to control tobacco
consumption and minimize the deaths caused by it
7. IMPLEMENTATION OF NTCP
• The technical assistance is provided by the identified officers from
the Directorate General of Health Services
i.e. Deputy Director General (DDG) / Chief Medical Officer (CMO).
• The NTCC is supported by Consultants in specific areas of tobacco
control like Policy, Legal, National Coordination and IEC & Advocacy.
8. District Level
Dedicated District Tobacco Control Cells for effective implementation and
monitoring of tobacco control initiatives
The key activities include
• Training of Key stakeholders: health and social workers, NGOs, school
teachers, enforcement officers etc.
• Information, Education and Communication (IEC) activities
• School Programmes
• Monitoring tobacco control laws
• Setting-up and strengthening of cessation facilities at the district level
9. IMPLEMENTATION OF NTCP
• Currently, the Programme is being implemented in all 36
States/Union Territories covering around 612 districts across the
country..
• Although COTPA 2003 is valid all over the country,
implementation of the same would be better.
• During the plan period, Tobacco Cessation Centers [TCCs] would
also be established to help people who wishes to quit tobacco
consumption in any from
10. National level
• Public awareness/mass media campaigns for awareness building and
behavioral change.
• Establishment of tobacco product testing laboratories.
• Mainstreaming research and training on alternative crops and
livelihood with other nodal Ministries.
• Monitoring and evaluation including surveillance of STCC,DTCC.
• Integrating NTCP as a part of health-care delivery mechanism under
the National Health Mission framework.
11. State Level
Dedicated State Tobacco Control Cells for effective implementation and monitoring of
tobacco control initiatives. The activities include;
• State Level Workshop
• Training of Trainers Programme for staff appointed at DTCC under NTCP.
• Refresher training of the DTCC staff.
• Training on tobacco cessation for Health care providers.
• Law enforcers training / sensitization Programme
12. CONTROLLING MEASURES
• The various activities planned to control tobacco use are as follows:
• Training and Capacity Building of health and social workers, NGOs, school
teachers, and enforcement officers
• IEC activity
• Monitoring Tobacco Control Laws and Reporting
• Survey and Surveillance.
13. CONTROLLING MEASURES
• Smoking in public places is prohibited and is a punishable offence.
• Direct/Indirect advertisements of tobacco products including sponsorship
and promotion are prohibited and is a punishable offence.
• Sale of tobacco products to and by minors (less than 18 years of age) is
prohibited and is a punishable offence.
• Sale of tobacco products within 100 yards of Educational Institutions is
prohibited and is a punishable offence.
• It is mandatory to display the pictorial warnings on tobacco products
packages.
14. ACHIEVEMENT
• National Tobacco Control Programme is being implemented in about 612 districts in all
States/UTs presently.
• The prevalence of tobacco use has reduced by six percentage points from 34.6% to 28.6%
during the period from 2009-10 to 2016-17. The number of tobacco users has reduced by
about 81 lakh (8.1 million).
15. ACHIEVEMENT
• Large specified health warnings on tobacco products covering
85% on both side of the principal display area of tobacco product
packs and inclusion of Quitline Number (1800112356) in the
specified health warnings for creating awareness among tobacco
users, and give them access to counseling services to effect
behavior change
• Regulation of the use of Cigarettes and other tobacco products in
films and TV programme.
• Established three National Tobacco Testing Laboratories
16. BARRIERS FOR THE EFFECTIVE
IMPLEMENTATION
Patient-related barriers:
• They do not have the motivation to quit tobacco use.
• They will consider tobacco cessation only when they have a related
health problem.
• lack of awareness of tobacco cessation centers (TCC).
17. Policy related barriers:
• NTCP does not have responsibility for taxation of tobacco
products, tax remains an underused tool to reduce tobacco
consumption in India.
• Tobacco related products are very easily available in road
side pan shop.
• Smuggling of tobacco products by youth and ignorance of
smokeless tobacco control approach are major challenges.
• Lack of Interdepartmental coordination in implementation
of COTPA 2003 (Police, transport, education)
18. BENEFIT OF QUITING TOBACCO
In 8 hours: Oxygen levels return to normal.
In 24 hours: Risk of heart attack begins to decrease.
In 72 hours: Lung function improves.
In 1-9 months: Coughing and shortness of breath decreases.
In 12 months: Risk of heart disease is half as compared to tobacco user.
In 5 years: Stroke risk is reduced.
In 10 years: Risk of lung cancer is less than half as compared to tobacco user.
In 15 years: Risk of heart disease is similar to a person who never smoked.
19. CONCLUSION
• Government of India launched the National
Tobacco Control Programme (NTCP) in the year
2007-08 during the 11th Five-Year-Plan
with the aim to create awareness about the
harmful effects of tobacco consumption.
