The document provides an overview of biomedical engineering design and related topics presented at Mbarara University of Science and Technology. It discusses what engineering design entails, the engineering design process, considerations for good design such as requirements and regulations. It also covers topics like prototyping, testing, human factors, intellectual property, and engineering ethics.
“Biomedical engineering is a discipline that
advances knowledge in engineering, biology and medicine, and improves human health through cross-disciplinary activities that integrate the engineering sciences with the biomedical sciences and clinical practice.”
“Biomedical engineering is a discipline that
advances knowledge in engineering, biology and medicine, and improves human health through cross-disciplinary activities that integrate the engineering sciences with the biomedical sciences and clinical practice.”
Topic 1 introduction of biomedical instrumentationGhansyam Rathod
Basic Description of the Biomedical Instrumentation subject and basics of the physiological system of human body discussed as per the syllabus of 2EC42 subject offered at Birla Vishvakarma Mahavidyalaya, Engineering Autonomous Institution.
Biomedical engineering or medical engineering is the application of engineering principles and design concepts to medicine and biology for healthcare purposes.
As per the Syllabus of EC453- Biomedical Instrumentation of the BVM Engineering College, EC Department, the topic -1 slides developed. This is just a basic overview of biomedical instrumentation.
DESIGNING A CAREER IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING- MUBESABrian Matovu
Discover your potential and ability by trying to venture into the field of biomedical engineering. It doesn't matter what profession your doing but what matters is how much you want to do and help about the current health problems in the country.
Enjoy the presentation on designing a career in Biomedical Engineering.
Modern imaging modalities with recent innovationGrinty Babu
This is a presentation on the modern diagnostic modalities used in the healthcare industry. Introduction to modality, Modalities of radiology. Hyperspectral Imaging, Electromagnetic Acoustic Imaging, Superconducting magnetic system, Waterscale mega microchip.
It has been expleined in these slides that how 3D bioprinters work and some of them have been introdused. Also some examples of use 3D bioprinter in reality are introduced.
Finally feature of 3D bioprinters in human life has been explained.
Topic 1 introduction of biomedical instrumentationGhansyam Rathod
Basic Description of the Biomedical Instrumentation subject and basics of the physiological system of human body discussed as per the syllabus of 2EC42 subject offered at Birla Vishvakarma Mahavidyalaya, Engineering Autonomous Institution.
Biomedical engineering or medical engineering is the application of engineering principles and design concepts to medicine and biology for healthcare purposes.
As per the Syllabus of EC453- Biomedical Instrumentation of the BVM Engineering College, EC Department, the topic -1 slides developed. This is just a basic overview of biomedical instrumentation.
DESIGNING A CAREER IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING- MUBESABrian Matovu
Discover your potential and ability by trying to venture into the field of biomedical engineering. It doesn't matter what profession your doing but what matters is how much you want to do and help about the current health problems in the country.
Enjoy the presentation on designing a career in Biomedical Engineering.
Modern imaging modalities with recent innovationGrinty Babu
This is a presentation on the modern diagnostic modalities used in the healthcare industry. Introduction to modality, Modalities of radiology. Hyperspectral Imaging, Electromagnetic Acoustic Imaging, Superconducting magnetic system, Waterscale mega microchip.
It has been expleined in these slides that how 3D bioprinters work and some of them have been introdused. Also some examples of use 3D bioprinter in reality are introduced.
Finally feature of 3D bioprinters in human life has been explained.
2_Analogy btw science math and engineering and ED.pptxaabhishekkushwaha9
An analogy between SMEs (Small and Medium Enterprises) and design could be drawn in various ways, highlighting similarities in their characteristics, processes, or importance. Here's one analogy:
Foundation and Flexibility:
SMEs are often likened to the building blocks of an economy, providing the foundation for growth and innovation. Similarly, design serves as the foundation for products, services, and experiences, shaping their functionality, usability, and aesthetics.
Just as SMEs need to be flexible and adaptable to changing market conditions, design also requires flexibility to meet evolving user needs, technological advancements, and design trends.
Problem-Solving Approach:
SMEs typically thrive by addressing niche markets, solving specific problems, or fulfilling unmet needs. Similarly, design is fundamentally about problem-solving, whether it's improving user experiences, optimizing efficiency, or enhancing aesthetics.
Both SMEs and design involve identifying challenges, brainstorming solutions, and implementing strategies to achieve desired outcomes.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
2. if a “picture is worth a thousand words”, then in
medtech, “a prototype is worth a thousand pictures.”
3. Introductions…
• Is NOT research or craftsmanship!
• Involves devices, processes, re-engineering, systems, optimization,
regulations, finances, innovation, invention, entrepreneurship, etc.
9. Engineer
An engineer is a professional practitioner of engineering,
who has mathematical and scientific training and can
apply such knowledge, together with ingenuity, to
design and build complicated products, machines,
structures or systems and thus develops solutions for
technical problems.
10. Engineering Design
• An engineering design pulls together (i.e. synthesizes)
something new or arranges existing things in a new
way to satisfy a recognized need of society. Engineering
designs considers the limitations imposed by
practicality, regulation, safety, and cost.
11. Discovery versus Design
• Discovery is getting the first knowledge of something
• Design is the creation of new things
12. Design…
• Science versus Engineering
• Science is knowledge based on observed facts and tested truths
arranged in an orderly system that can be validated and
communicated to other people.
• Engineering is the creative application of scientific principles used to
plan, build, direct, guide, manage, or work on systems to maintain
and improve our daily lives
13. Design…
• Scientists versus Engineers
• Scientists see things as they are and ask, WHY?
• Engineers see things as they could be and ask, WHY NOT?
15. Challenges of Engineering Design
• Creativity: creation of something that has not existed before
•
• Complexity: requires decisions on many variables and parameters
• Choice: requires making choices between many solutions at all levels, from
basic concepts to the smallest detail
• Compromise: requires balancing multiple and sometimes conflicting
requirements 15
16. Importance of Engineering Design
1. Design costs very little in terms of
the overall product cost but its
decisions has major event on the
overall cost
2. Defects introduced in the design
phase cannot be compensated in
the manufacturing phase
3. Design process should be
conducted to develop quality, cost-
competitive products in the
shortest time possible
16
[Source: Dieter & Schmidt 2013]
17. Engineering Design Process
Involves analysis and synthesis
Analysis
• Decompose problem into manageable
parts
• Calculate as much about the part’s
behavior as possible, using
appropriate disciplines in science,
engineering and computational tools,
before the part exists in physical form
Synthesis
• Identification of the design elements
that comprise the product, how it is
decomposed into parts and the
combination of the part solutions
into a total workable system
17
Requires Systems Thinking!
18. Iterative Engineering Design Process
• Complex systems can be decomposed into a sequence of design processes
• Iteration repeated trials
• Gives opportunity to improve design on basis of preceding outcome
• More knowledgeable team may arrive at acceptable solutions faster
• Requires high tolerance of failure
• Requires determination to persevere and work out the problem
• Often involve tradeoffs and arrive at near-optimal solutions
18[Source: Asimov 1962]
19. Problem-solving Methodology for
Engineering Design
1. Defining the problem
o Needs analysis, a difficult task
o True problem not always what it seems at first
o Requires iterative reworking as the problem is better understood
o Problem statement must be as specific as possible
19
20. Problem-solving Methodology for
Engineering Design…
2. Gathering the information
o Understand state of the art
o Many sources of information, unstructured, unordered
o Ask questions
What do I need to find out?
Where can I find it?
How can I get it?
How credible and accurate is the information?
How do I interpret the information for my specific need?
When do I have enough information?
What decisions result from this information?
21. Problem-solving Methodology for
Engineering Design …
3. Generation for alternative solutions / design concepts
o Use of creativity, simulation
o Apply scientific principles, use qualitative reasoning
o Need to generate high-quality alternative solutions
21
22. Problem-solving Methodology for
Engineering Design …
4. Evaluation of alternatives and decision making
o Selecting the best among several concepts
o Often under incomplete information
o May consider simulations
o Very important checking, including mathematical check, engineering-sense checks (intuition)
o Consider all conditions / situations (e.g. humdity, vibration, temperature…) in selecting “optimal”
solution
5. Communication of the results
o Oral / written communication,
o Engineering drawings, 3D computer models, software, etc.
23. Problem-solving Methodology for
Engineering Design …
• Iterative nature
• Back and forth among the 5
steps
• Understanding grows
evolve from preliminary to
detailed design
23
Define Problem
Gather Information
Generate Alternative Solutions
Evaluate Alternatives and Make Decision
Communicate Results
25. Considerations of Good Design
• Performance Requirements
• Functional Requirements – for components, sub-assemblies, assemblies
• Aesthetic Requirements – shapes, size, touch and feel
• Environmental Requirements – operations conditions, e.g. temperature, humidity,
dirt, vibration, noise, corrosive conditions, energy conservation, chemical emissions,
(hazardous) waste production, recycling requirements
• Human Factors
• Cost, e.g. price-performance considerations
25
26. Considerations of Good Design
• Regulatory and Social Issues
• Code of ethics require engineers to protect public health and safety
• Regulating agencies include: Occupation, Safety and Health Council,
Consumer Council, Environmental Protection Department, etc.
27. Considerations of Good Design …
• Design Review
• Vital aspect of the design process
• Retrospective study of a design up to that point in time
• Systematic method to identify problems with the design
determining subsequent courses of action, initiate action
to correct problem areas
27
28. Computer-Aided Engineering
• Engineering drawing, facilitating visualization, supported by computer graphics
and modeling, e.g. AutoCAD, SolidWorks, etc.
• Spreadsheets and mathematical tools, e.g. MatLab, Mathematica, etc.
• Enabled concurrent engineering design to minimize time – all aspects of the
design and development are represented in a closely communicating team,
28
29. Engineering Project Management
• Mastery of engineering specialty no longer enough
• Project success requires collaboration across technical disciplines,
organizational elements, stakeholder interest
• Must think of a project as a cohesive whole and not separate parts!
29
31. Engineering Project Management …
• Initial planning crucial
• NASA Rule # 15: a review of most failed project problems indicates that the disasters were well-
planned to happen from the start. The seeds of the problem were laid down early. Initial planning is
most vital [Madden, 100 Rules of NASA Project Managers]
• Project economics, e.g. NASA’s study of software development projects show that the cost of fixing
a defect increases:
• fixing at design phase
• fixing at coding phase (10x)
• fixing at testing phase (100x)
• Lesson
• Invest sufficient planning time and effort early because the cost savings are huge 31
32. 6 Dangerous Planning Mistakes
1. Tolerating vague objectives
2. Ignoring environmental context
3. Using limiting tools and process
4. Neglecting stakeholder interests
5. Mismanaging people dynamics
6. One shot planning
32
33. 4 Fundamental Questions
1. What are we trying to accomplish and why? (Objectives)
2. How will we measure success? (Measures and Verification)
3. What conditions must exist? (Assumptions)
4. How do we get there? (Inputs) 33
34. Q. Measuring Success
• Measures and Verification
• Quantity
• Quality
• Time
• Customers /Users
• Cost
34
35. Q. Inputs
• Actions and activities to produce
Outcomes
• Associated with resources
• Time
• People
• Money
• Etc. 35
38. Budget and Resource Planning
• Time value of money (TVM)
• Capital budgets are essential for supporting project activities over the project
duration; but the value of money changes with time (because of
interest/discount rates) with the concepts of present value (PV), future value
(FV), and discounted cash flow.
• The starting time and finishing time of a scheduled project activity can have
a significant impact on budget planning
38
39. Example: Saving the World
God’s memo:
Noah, I have decided to make it rain for 40 days
and 40 nights. I want you to build a big ark to
hold a pair of all animals on earth, and people, so
you can survive the flood. After the flood, you can
restore life on earth and ensure the long-term
survival of human and animal life. Get everything
ready before the big rain starts in six months. 39
[Source: Schmidt 2009]
43. Team Responsibility and Communication
• The Confused Project Team
• Four people named Everybody, Somebody, Anybody and Nobody worked together.
• An important Outcome needed managing, and Everybody was sure that Somebody would do it.
• Anybody could have done it, but Nobody actually did it.
• Somebody got angry because it was really Everybody’s job.
• Everybody thought that Anybody could do it, but Nobody realized that Somebody
wouldn’t.
• As it turned out, Everybody blamed Somebody when Nobody did what Anybody could have done!
43
[Source: Schmidt 2009]
44. Noah’s Ark Responsibility Chart
R: Responsible (may delegate), P: Participants, C: may be Consulted, A: Approves, I: must be informed
44
[Source: Schmidt 2009]
45. Project Reporting
• Clearly tell others
• Your Objectives
• What you have done
• Why decisions are taken
• Lessons learned
• Results
• Future opportunities
• Use proper quotations, citations and references
45
46. • Order of the Engineer: association for graduate and professional engineers in
North America emphasizing the pride and responsibility in the engineering
profession
• Code of ethics called The Obligations of an Engineer
• The Engineer’s Ring
46
[Source: Wikipedia]
Engineering Ethics
47. Code of ethics: The Obligations of an Engineer
I am an engineer, in my profession I take deep pride. To it I owe solemn obligations.
Since the stone age, human progress has been spurred by the engineering genius.
Engineers have made usable nature's vast resources of material and energy for humanity's benefit.
Engineers have vitalized and turned to practical use the principles of science and the means of
technology.
Were it not for this heritage of accumulated experience, my efforts would be feeble.
As an engineer, I pledge to practice integrity and fair dealing, tolerance, and respect, and to uphold
devotion to the standards and the dignity of my profession, conscious always that my skill carries
with it the obligation to serve humanity by making the best use of Earth's precious wealth.
As an engineer, I shall participate in none but honest enterprises.
When needed, my skill and knowledge shall be given without reservation for the public good.
In the performance of duty and in fidelity to my profession, I shall give the utmost.
47
52. Testing Definition:
•Verifying that a system
satisfies its specified
requirements or identifying
differences between expected
and actual results
53. Testing Definition:
•The process of operating a device
or component under specified
conditions, observing or recording
the results, and making an
evaluation of some aspect of the
system or component
54. Testing…
•Subjecting a device to conditions that
indicate its weaknesses, behavior
characteristics, and modes of failure.
•Ultimate goal: satisfied customer
55. Testing of Prototypes
Problem
Design Constraints
Test Specification
Design
Simulation
Test Verification
Prototyping
Test Verification
Hardware
Implementation
Test Verification
56. Reasons for Testing
•Basic Information (Includes vendor evaluation, vendor
comparison, and component limitability)
•Verification (Process of evaluating the products of a given phase
to correctness and consistency with respect to the products and standards
provided as input to that phase)
•Validation (Process of evaluating a product to ensure compliance
with specified and implied requirements)
58. Stress Testing
•Designed to ascertain how the product reacts
to a condition in which the amount or rate of
data exceeds the amount or rate expected.
•Help determine margin of safety that exists
•Include Duration and Worst Case Scenario
59. Black Box Testing
• Verifies that the end-user requirements are met from the
end-user’s point of view
• Performed without any knowledge of internal structure
• Tester is only interested in finding circumstances in which
the device or program does not behave according to its
specification.
60. Usability activities are NOT clinical Trials
Generally the process will be less stringent:
• More loosely defined, faster
• Will likely involve a relatively small number of people per activity
• Initial studies stress simulation, with no medicinal agents or clinical
impact.
• Dovetail with interaction design, visual design, and marketing activities
64. The application of knowledge about human
behavior, abilities, and other characteristics
of medical device users to the design of
medical devices to demonstrate safe and
effective use.
65. Human factors ‘engineers’
- discover and apply information about human
behavior, abilities, limitations, and other
characteristics to the design of tools, machines,
systems, tasks, jobs, and environments for
productive, safe, comfortable and effective human
use.
66. Human Factors And
Product Design
3 KEY FOCAL POINTS.
USEFUL
• Meets recognized needs
• Supports goals & objectives
• Improves the outcome
• Enhances performance or
efficiency
• etc...
USABLE
• Fit, reach, strength
• Visible, audible, etc.
• Understandable
• Informative
• Learnable
• etc...
DESIRABLE
• Pleasure in use
• Satisfaction with outcome
• Fit, feel, & finish
• Cultural, social, lifestyle
impact
• Sense of empowerment
• etc...
Successful
Products
SUCCESSFUL PRODUCTS
connect on all levels – they are
USEFUL, USABLE, &
DESIRABLE
70. Why conduct Human Factor Studies;
• Lower the number of potential use or user errors.
• Reduces the risks associated with the use of the device.
• Lowers the training costs for the end users.
• Reduces the costly device service and support.
73. Intellectual Property (IP)
Intellectual property broadly connotes property rights in
creations of the mind including inventions, industrial
designs, literary and artistic works, symbols and images
(Atwine, 2003). The legal protection of intellectual property
thus identifies exclusive rights of a person to exploit or
license particular creations of human ingenuity (Atwine,
2003).
74. IP…
• intellectual property rights management geared
towards the development of research findings into
innovations, transfer thereof to users and private
sector aimed at their commercialization and
exploitation.
75. Categories of IP
• Copy Rights
• Patents
• Utility models
• Industrial designs
• Trade secretes
• Geographical
indications
• Trade marks
76. Copyrights- Eligibility
• The kind of works protected by copyright include, but not limited
to;
1. literary and artistic works such as; novels, poems, plays,
newspapers, adverts, films, musical compositions,
choreography, paintings, drawings, photographs,
2. sculptures and architecture, maps, technical drawings and
3. Computer software, programs and databases.
77. Copy Right…
• For such works to become eligible for copyright,
sufficient effort must have been expended to make the
work original in character and the work must have been
written down, recorded or otherwise reduced to material
form with or without consent or be a work which is
intended to be used by the author as a model or pattern
to be multiplied by any industrial process
78. • A creative work is automatically protected by copyright
after creation. The work must be original and fixed into
tangible form. Works are protected irrespective of their
merit but must not infringe another person’s work.
79. How long does copyright protection last?
• For Natural persons, Copyright is protected for the lifetime of the author
and 50 years after his death.
• For Corporations/ Companies, Copyrights is protected for 50 years after
the date of the 1st publication.
• Anonymous work or works of unknown authors, 50 years after.
• Computer programs; 50 years after the program becomes available to the
public.
81. Patents
• The law (Patents Act, Cap 216) defines [Patents Act, S.8 (1)] an
invention as a solution to a specified technological problem,
which may be or may relate to a product or process. However the
following are not inventions: [Patents Act, S.8 (2) (a)]
(a) Discoveries and scientific and mathematical theories;
(b) Plant/animal varieties or biological processes for the production of: plants, animals
(c) Schemes, rules or methods for doing business performing purely mental acts or playing
games;
(d) Methods of treatment of the human animal body;
(e) Mere presentation of information.
82. Utility model
• A Utility Model is an exclusive right granted by the government for an
innovation/invention, which is either a product or process that offers a
new technical solution to a problem.
• A product or process that is new and is useful can be protected using
this system. Their term of protection is 10 years. Registration for a utility
model is simple and fast, and gives the holder the right to exclude
others from exploiting the protected innovation/invention.
83. • Utility Models provide protection for incremental
improvements to products and processes and it is
very relevant for SMEs.
• For Example: Printing- roller cleaning system, fruit
sorting machine, simple bottle cleaning machine etc.
84. A patent, like a utility model, is an exclusive
right granted by the government for an invention.
Protected inventions can range from simple things like a
safety pin to sophisticated items like juice processing
machine.
An invention that is Novel, Inventive and is industrially
applicable may be granted using a Patent.
The term of protection for patents is 20 years.
For the patent to remain in force the patent holder is
required to pay annual maintenance fees.
85. Industrial Design
The ornamental or aesthetic aspect of a useful article (product).
The design may consist of three-dimensional features, such as
the shape or surface of an article, or two-dimensional features,
such as patterns, lines or color.
The appearance of a product, it’s what makes a product attractive
and appealing to a consumer’s eye
86. • Industrial designs are applied to a wide variety of products
of industry and handicraft items: from packages and
containers to furnishing and household goods, from lighting
equipment to jewelry, and from electronic devices to
textiles. Industrial designs may also apply to graphic symbols
and graphical user interfaces (GUI)
• Industrial design rights are granted for FIVE (5) years
renewable for two more consecutive five year term.
• Industrial design protection does not protect the technical
features of the product.
87. Industrial design to be protected…
• New-there is no identical design already available to the
public before the date of filing, or application for
registration.
• Original-must be independently created by designer,
and not a copy or imitation of existing designs.
88. Trademark
• A trademark is a distinctive sign that identifies certain goods or services
produced or provided by an individual or a company from those of other
enterprises. A Trademark may consist of any word, symbol, design, slogan,
logo, sound, smell, colour, label, name, signature, letter, numeral or any
combination of them and should be capable of being represented
graphically. The Trademark has to be distinctive, non-descriptive and not
likely to cause confusion. The Trademark owner has the exclusive rights
to prevent others from using the same or confusingly similar mark.
89. Technology and Innovation Support Centers
(TISCs)
• The WIPO Technology and Innovation Support Center
(TISC) program provides innovators in developing
countries with access to locally based, high quality
technology information and related services, helping
them to exploit their innovative potential and to create,
protect, and manage their intellectual property (IP) rights.
90. Services offered by TISCs may include:
• Access online patent and non-patent resources and IP-related
publications;
• Assistance in searching and retrieving technology information;
• Training in database search;
• On-demand searches (novelty, state-of-the-art and infringement);
• Monitoring technology and competitors;
• Basic information on industrial property laws, management and
strategy, and technology commercialization and marketing.
91. 25TISC in Uganda
• Uganda Registration Services Bureau
• Mbarara University of Science and
Technology
• Kyambogo University
• Infectious Diseases Institute
• Busitema University
• Uganda National Council for Science and Technology
• Uganda Pharmaceutical Society
• Uganda Industrial Research Institute
• 9. NACCRI (NARO)
10. NAFORRI(NARO)
11. NABUIN(NARO)
• 12. MUZARDI(NARO)
13. NALIRRI(NARO)
14. RWEBITABA (NARO)
15. NARL(NARO)
16. NASARRI(NARO)
• 17. NACORI(NARO)
18. KAZARDI(NARO)
19. ABI ZARDI(NARO)
20. MBAZARDI(NARO)
21. BUGIZARDI(NARO)
22. NGETTA ZARDI(NARO)
23. BULINDI (NARO)
24. NAFIRRI(NARO)
25. Makerere University , Main Library
92. References
• M. Asimov, “Introduction to Design,” Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ. 1962.
• C.S. Park, Contemporary Engineering Economics, Prentice Hall, 2002
• C. L. Dym, P. Little, E. J. Orwin, and R. Erik Spjut, “Engineering Design: A Project-Based Introduction”,
Third Edition, Wiley, 2009.
• T. Schmidt, “Strategic Project Management Made Simple,” Wiley 2009.
• E. A. Stephan, D. R. Bowman, W. J. Park, B. L. Sill, and M. W. Ohland, “Thinking Like an Engineer: An
Active Learning Approach”, Pearson, 2012.
• G. Dieter and L. Schmidt, “Engineering Design,” 5/e, McGraw Hill, 2013.
• IET publication: “A Guide to Technical Report Writing”, online www.theiet.org
• Personal communication, Dr. Dorbin Ng, CUHK SEEM
92