The document is a six-month training report for Waseem Ahmad submitted to the Ram Devi Jindal College of Engineering and Technology. It provides details about Highland Automobiles Private Limited, the company where the training took place. Highland Automobiles is a private company incorporated in 1996 that manufactures transportation equipment. It is located in Jammu and Kashmir, India. The report describes various mechanical systems of automobiles like the engine, transmission, drive shaft, differential, suspension system, cooling system, steering system, and braking system.

1. SIX MONTHS
TRANING REPORT
IN
HIGHLAND AUTOMOBILE LTD.
RAM DEVI JINDAL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF MECHNICAL ENGG.
Presentation Prepare By:-
Name:- Waseem Ahmad
Roll No:-2006789
Course:- B.tech 8th Sem

2. Highland Automobiles Private Limited is a Private incorporated on
25 September 1996. It is classified as Non-govt company and is
registered at Registrar of Companies, Jammu. Its authorized share
capital is Rs. 20,000,000 and its paid up capital is Rs. 10,000,000. It
is inolved in Manufacture of transport equipment n.e.c. Highland
Automobiles Private Limited's Annual General Meeting (AGM) was
last held on 29 September 2018 and as per records from Ministry of
Corporate Affairs (MCA), its balance sheet was last filed on 31
March 2018. Directors of Highland Automobiles Private Limited are
Amjad Ansari and Kumail Hussain Ansari. Highland Automobiles
Private Limited's Corporate Identification Number is (CIN)
U35912JK1996PTC001574 and its registration number is 1574.Its
Email address is kumailansari@astrixinfra.in and its registered
address is ANSARI COMPLEXSONAWAR SRINAGAR,(J.& K.)
JAMMU AND KASHMIR JK 000000 IN . Current status of Highland
Automobiles Private Limited is - Active.

3. • Motorized vehicle consisting of four wheels and powered
by an internal engine. Automobiles are used to transport
people and items from one location to another location.
After years or various designs, inventors were able to
develop a functional general design that is utilized by
major automakers as the foundation of their designs.
Automobiles generally use gasoline to fuel the internal
engine, but technological advances have led to the
design of cars that run on electricity and even water.

5. »A machine for converting thermal
energy into mechanical energy or
power to produce force and
motion.

10. • A clutch is a mechanical device that engages and disengages the
power transmission, especially from driving shaft to driven shaft.
• Clutches are used whenever the transmission of power or motion
must be controlled either in amount or over time (e.g., electric
screwdrivers limit how much torque is transmitted through use of a
clutch; clutches control whether automobiles transmit engine power
to the wheels).
• In the simplest application, clutches connect and disconnect two
rotating shafts (drive shafts or line shafts). In these devices, one
shaft is typically attached to an engine or other power unit (the
driving member) while the other shaft (the driven member) provides
output power for work. While typically the motions involved are
rotary, linear clutches are also possible.

12. That part of a car's
transmission containing the
train of gears, and to which
the gear lever is connected.

14. • A drive shaft, driveshaft, driving shaft, propeller shaft (prop shaft), or
Cardan shaft is a mechanical component for transmitting torque and
rotation, usually used to connect other components of a drive train
that cannot be connected directly because of distance or the need
to allow for relative movement between them.
• As torque carriers, drive shafts are subject to torsion and shear
stress, equivalent to the difference between the input torque and the
load. They must therefore be strong enough to bear the stress,
whilst avoiding too much additional weight as that would in turn
increase their inertia.
• To allow for variations in the alignment and distance between the
driving and driven components, drive shafts frequently incorporate
one or more universal joints, jaw couplings, or rag joints, and
sometimes a splined joint or prismatic joint

16. It is used to transfer the power to rear axle
from gear box in rear wheel drive vehicles
• The differential is used to transfer the
rotary motion of the propeller shaft into
reciprocating motion of the rear wheels.
• It is used to negotiate curves

18. • The wheel and axle is one of six simple machines
identified by Renaissance scientists drawing from Greek
texts on technology. The wheel and axle is generally
considered to be a wheel attached to an axle so that
these two parts rotate together in which a force is
transferred from one to the other. In this configuration a
hinge, or bearing, supports the rotation of the axle.
• This system is a version of the lever with loads applied
tangentially to the perimiter of the wheel and axle,
respectively, that are balanced around the hinge, which
is the fulcrum. The mechanical advantage of the wheel
and axle is the ratio of the distances from the fulcrum to
the applied loads, or what is the same thing the ratio of
the radial dimensions of the wheel and axle

20. • It is the main machine portion having all
the components required for the operation
and running of the automobile. therefore,
the portion of the automobile without body
is called chassis.
• Body provides supports in a vehicle

22. car

24. Automobile
• Suspension is the system of tires, tire air, springs, shock absorbers
and linkages that connects a vehicle to its wheels and allows
relative motion between the two.Suspension systems serve a dual
purpose — contributing to the vehicle's roadholding/handling and
braking for good active safety and driving pleasure, and keeping
vehicle occupants comfortable and a ride quality reasonably well
isolated from road noise, bumps, vibrations,etc.These goals are
generally at odds, so the tuning of suspensions involves finding the
right compromise. It is important for the suspension to keep the road
wheel in contact with the road surface as much as possible,
because all the road or ground forces acting on the vehicle do so
through the contact patches of the tires. The suspension also
protects the vehicle itself and any cargo or luggage from damage
and wear. The design of front and rear suspension of a car may be
different.

25. system
• coil spring

26. absorber

27. • cooling system to take care of that heat. In fact, the
cooling system on a car driving down the freeway
dissipates enough heat to heat two average-sized
houses! The primary job of the cooling system is to keep
the engine from overheating by transferring this heat to
the air, but the cooling system also has several other
important jobs.
• The engine in your car runs best at a fairly high
temperature. When the engine is cold, components wear
out faster, and the engine is less efficient and emits
more pollution. So another important job of the cooling
system is to allow the engine to heat up as quickly as
possible, and then to keep the engine at a constant
temperature.

28. system

29. • The most conventional steering arrangement is to turn
the front wheels using a hand–operated steering wheel
which is positioned in front of the driver, via the steering
column, which may contain universal joints (which may
also be part of the collapsible steering column design), to
allow it to deviate somewhat from a straight line. Other
arrangements are sometimes found on different types of
vehicles, for example, a tiller or rear–wheel steering.
Tracked vehicles such as bulldozers and tanks usually
employ differential steering — that is, the tracks are
made to move at different speeds or even in opposite
directions, using clutches and brakes, to bring about a
change of course or direction.

31. to convert the kinetic energy of the moving
object into heat, though other methods of
energy conversion may be employed. For
example, regenerative braking converts
much of the energy to electrical energy, which
may be stored for later use. Other methods
convert kinetic energy into potential energy in
such stored forms as pressurized air or
pressurized oil. Eddy current brakes use
magnetic fields to convert kinetic energy into
electric current in the brake disc, fin, or rail,
which is converted into heat. Still other
braking methods even transform kinetic
• A brake is a mechanical device that inhibits motion, slowing or stopping a
moving object or preventing its motion.
• Most brakes commonly use friction between two surfaces pressed together
• Brakes are generally applied to rotating axles or wheels, but may also take
other forms such as the surface of a moving fluid (flaps deployed into water
or air). Some vehicles use a combination of braking mechanisms, such as
drag racing cars with both wheel brakes and a parachute, or airplanes with
both wheel brakes and drag flaps raised into the air during landing.

33. Accessories
• The lighting system of a motor vehicle consists
of lighting and signalling devices mounted or
integrated to the front, rear, sides, and in some
cases the top of a motor vehicle. This lights the
roadway for the driver and increases the
conspicuity of the vehicle, allowing other drivers
and pedestrians to see a vehicle's presence,
position, size, direction of travel, and the driver's
intentions regarding direction and speed of
travel. Emergency vehicles usually carry
distinctive lighting equipment to warn drivers and
indicate priority of movement in traffic.

35. •Thank you