The document summarizes various aspects of human biological and health development from infancy through late adulthood. It covers topics such as body growth, brain development, sleep patterns, feeding methods, childhood growth, adolescent changes, and aging. Key points include rapid brain and body growth in infancy, sleep issues being common in young children, puberty beginning earlier in girls, risky behavior tendencies in teens due to an immature prefrontal cortex, various health changes that can occur in middle to late adulthood, and diseases often being the cause of death for elderly adults.
This document summarizes the major biological and health changes that occur throughout the human lifespan from infancy to late adulthood. It outlines the typical physical, cognitive, and behavioral developments associated with infancy, childhood, adolescence, and the three stages of adulthood (early, middle, late). Key changes discussed include growth rates, sleep patterns, brain development, nutrition needs, and health risks at each life stage. The document provides references for its developmental descriptions.
Growth is monitored through regular anthropometric measurements and plotting on growth charts. Factors affecting growth include genetics, nutrition, infections and socioeconomic status. The WHO growth charts provide standardized growth references based on optimal growth of children from diverse backgrounds. Regular monitoring allows early identification of growth faltering due to disorders or malnutrition.
Slideshow is from the University of Michigan Medical
School's M1 Human Growth and Development sequence
View additional course materials on Open.Michigan:
openmi.ch/med-M1GrowthDevelopment
The Impact of Early School Start Times on TeensDebbieOMoore
Since the 1990's, school districts across the country have utilized a tiered bus system and staggered school start times to save money. Based on zero science, high school students were often selected to start the day in the 7:00 o'clock hour. Research now has irrefutably shown that early school start times are detrimental for adolescents. Sleep deprivation among teens is widespread and chronic. Many school boards resist delaying high school start times due to myths and fear of change.
The document discusses growth and development in children. It defines growth as a quantitative increase in body size through cell multiplication, while development is the qualitative functional and physiological maturation of an individual. The principles of growth include cephalocaudal development from head to tail, proximodistal development from center to extremities, and general to specific development from broad abilities to fine motor skills. Factors that influence development are genetic, prenatal such as maternal health, and postnatal including nutrition, environment and socioeconomic status. The document outlines assessments of physical growth parameters and developmental milestones.
School age lecture ppp summer 2012 new textJHU Nursing
1) The school age child spans ages 6-12 years, with continued growth and maturation of body systems. Growth slows but continues steadily at about 2.5 inches and 7 pounds gained per year.
2) This is a time of cognitive development according to Piaget, and psychosocial development as described by Erikson, where children develop a sense of competence and industry. Moral development occurs as well.
3) Health risks include obesity, which prevention strategies target through nutrition education, physical activity promotion, and environmental changes. Nursing care focuses on developmentally appropriate anticipatory guidance.
This document discusses teenage pregnancy, including its definition, incidence, causes, diagnosis, effects, impact, and prevention. It notes that teenage pregnancy occurs most often in developing countries, where risks include malnutrition and poor healthcare. Causes mentioned include lack of education on safe sex, peer pressure, drugs/alcohol, and lack of contraceptive use. Effects on teenage mothers can include higher health risks for themselves and their babies as well as impacts to education and employment. Prevention strategies discussed include health education programs, counseling, and agencies working to lower rates.
This chapter discusses physical, motor, and sensory development in infancy. It covers:
- Physical growth patterns in infants including rapid weight gain and growth in height in the first year. The brain triples in size by age 2.
- Motor development progresses from reflexes to sitting, crawling, and walking. Gross motor skills develop before fine motor skills.
- Sensory development also follows patterns as vision matures and objects become more distinct, and perception of sounds improves.
This document summarizes the major biological and health changes that occur throughout the human lifespan from infancy to late adulthood. It outlines the typical physical, cognitive, and behavioral developments associated with infancy, childhood, adolescence, and the three stages of adulthood (early, middle, late). Key changes discussed include growth rates, sleep patterns, brain development, nutrition needs, and health risks at each life stage. The document provides references for its developmental descriptions.
Growth is monitored through regular anthropometric measurements and plotting on growth charts. Factors affecting growth include genetics, nutrition, infections and socioeconomic status. The WHO growth charts provide standardized growth references based on optimal growth of children from diverse backgrounds. Regular monitoring allows early identification of growth faltering due to disorders or malnutrition.
Slideshow is from the University of Michigan Medical
School's M1 Human Growth and Development sequence
View additional course materials on Open.Michigan:
openmi.ch/med-M1GrowthDevelopment
The Impact of Early School Start Times on TeensDebbieOMoore
Since the 1990's, school districts across the country have utilized a tiered bus system and staggered school start times to save money. Based on zero science, high school students were often selected to start the day in the 7:00 o'clock hour. Research now has irrefutably shown that early school start times are detrimental for adolescents. Sleep deprivation among teens is widespread and chronic. Many school boards resist delaying high school start times due to myths and fear of change.
The document discusses growth and development in children. It defines growth as a quantitative increase in body size through cell multiplication, while development is the qualitative functional and physiological maturation of an individual. The principles of growth include cephalocaudal development from head to tail, proximodistal development from center to extremities, and general to specific development from broad abilities to fine motor skills. Factors that influence development are genetic, prenatal such as maternal health, and postnatal including nutrition, environment and socioeconomic status. The document outlines assessments of physical growth parameters and developmental milestones.
School age lecture ppp summer 2012 new textJHU Nursing
1) The school age child spans ages 6-12 years, with continued growth and maturation of body systems. Growth slows but continues steadily at about 2.5 inches and 7 pounds gained per year.
2) This is a time of cognitive development according to Piaget, and psychosocial development as described by Erikson, where children develop a sense of competence and industry. Moral development occurs as well.
3) Health risks include obesity, which prevention strategies target through nutrition education, physical activity promotion, and environmental changes. Nursing care focuses on developmentally appropriate anticipatory guidance.
This document discusses teenage pregnancy, including its definition, incidence, causes, diagnosis, effects, impact, and prevention. It notes that teenage pregnancy occurs most often in developing countries, where risks include malnutrition and poor healthcare. Causes mentioned include lack of education on safe sex, peer pressure, drugs/alcohol, and lack of contraceptive use. Effects on teenage mothers can include higher health risks for themselves and their babies as well as impacts to education and employment. Prevention strategies discussed include health education programs, counseling, and agencies working to lower rates.
This chapter discusses physical, motor, and sensory development in infancy. It covers:
- Physical growth patterns in infants including rapid weight gain and growth in height in the first year. The brain triples in size by age 2.
- Motor development progresses from reflexes to sitting, crawling, and walking. Gross motor skills develop before fine motor skills.
- Sensory development also follows patterns as vision matures and objects become more distinct, and perception of sounds improves.
Prenatal Factors Affecting Motor Developmentkayumangi
The document discusses various prenatal factors that can affect motor development and increase the risk of birth defects. It notes that 1 in 28 babies born in the US have some type of birth defect, including heart defects, skeletal deformities, and chemical imbalances. Conditions in the mother like asthma, cancer, diabetes, and STDs can increase risk. Prenatal malnutrition, drugs/alcohol/smoking, stress, teenage pregnancy, and hereditary/chromosome/genetic disorders can also negatively impact prenatal development. Environmental factors and maternal stress during pregnancy are associated with various infant and childhood health issues. Regular prenatal care is important for monitoring these potential risks.
1) Physical growth is determined by both genetic and environmental factors such as nutrition and experience.
2) There are two main patterns of physical growth - from head to toe (cephalocaudal) and from the center of the body outward (proximodistal).
3) Growth occurs very rapidly in infancy, steadily in childhood, with a marked growth spurt at puberty typically between ages 11-13, after which growth may still occur.
The document discusses physical development in preschool-aged children. It covers changes to the body including growth in height, weight, brain development, and motor skill development. It also addresses children's health, nutrition, illnesses, injuries, abuse, resilience, and toilet training. The document provides information on developmental milestones in these areas for preschool-aged children.
In Paediatrics, Growth and Development are very important. Growth is the assessment of child's nutritional status. This lecture is the backbone of Paediatrics.
According to the WHO, malnutrition is by far the biggest contributor to child mortality
Under-weight births and IUGR (intra-uterine growth restrictions) cause 3 million child deaths a year.
According to the Lancet, consequences of malnutrition in the first two years is irreversible.
Malnourished children grow up with worse health and lower educational achievements.
Malnutrition can exacerbate the problem of diseases such as measles, pneumonia and diarrhoea.
But malnutrition can actually cause diseases itself , and can be fatal in its own right
The term 'faltering growth' is widely used in relation to infants and young children whose weight gain occurs more slowly than expected for their age and sex.
In the past, this was often described as a ‘failure to thrive’ but this is no longer the preferred term :-
partly because ‘failure’ could be perceived as negative,
but also because lesser degrees of faltering growth may not necessarily indicate a significant problem but merely represent variation from the usual pattern when measured against the standardized growth charts (WHO Growth Charts
The document summarizes growth and development from infancy to one year. It discusses physical growth including weight, length, head circumference, and other body measurements. It also covers motor, cognitive, psychosocial, and other developmental milestones. Common problems and nursing responsibilities for infants are mentioned. The conclusion restates the importance of understanding infant growth and development.
Why do teenagers find it difficult to go to sleep at a "decent" hour? And why do they find it so painful to wake up early? Sleep patterns change dramatically in the teenage years, and these changes are completely normal! Here's why...
Introduction to Risk Factors for Pregnancy
Other Risk Factors For Pregnancy
1. Adolescent Pregnancy
2. Elderly Primigravida
3. Unwed Mothers
4. Sexual abuse before and during pregnancy
Consequences Of Adolescent Pregnancy
The document provides information on growth and development in children from infancy through adolescence. It defines growth and development, outlines the stages and domains of development, and normal developmental milestones. Key points include defining growth versus development, identifying factors that influence development, describing normal growth parameters and developmental milestones, and signs of potential developmental delays.
Physical changes during puberty can affect adolescents' self-esteem. Boys and girls experience maturation at different rates which can cause insecurity. Factors like social acceptance, behavior, academic performance, athletics, and physical appearance influence self-esteem. Societal pressures promote thin ideals that lead some teens to unhealthy behaviors. Parents can support teens' healthy development by avoiding criticism, encouraging sleep, nutrition, activity, and open communication. Teens should accept their changing bodies and set realistic goals for themselves.
Maternal nutrition and avoiding drugs and environmental hazards during pregnancy are important factors that can affect development. Adequate weight gain and nutrient intake are needed to support fetal growth. Women at risk of nutritional deficiencies may require counseling. Certain drugs, infections, radiation, and other toxins are teratogens that can cause birth defects, especially during the first trimester of rapid development. Proper breastfeeding and child nutrition are also crucial, as deficiencies in micronutrients like iron, iodine, and vitamins can impair cognitive and behavioral development. Overall nutrition has reciprocal effects between mother and child.
This document discusses physical, motor, and brain development in children and adolescents. It covers early childhood development including communication skills, learning colors and math, and early reading. Middle childhood sees enjoyment of practicing motor and learning skills. Adolescence brings puberty changes like growth spurts. Factors like nutrition, genetics, exercise, and sleep affect growth. Physical disabilities, sensory impairments, learning disabilities, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder are also examined.
The document summarizes various topics related to child development between the ages of 1-6 years old, including body changes, brain development, injuries, abuse, and maltreatment. During this period, children experience significant growth and skill development. Their bodies become leaner and more proportional. Their brains continue developing structures that allow for improved thinking and motor skills. Risks include accidental injuries, which are a leading cause of death, as well as various forms of maltreatment that can negatively impact long-term health and development.
This document discusses preterm birth and care of preterm infants. It defines preterm birth as birth before 37 weeks of gestation. It describes developmental milestones from 26-36 weeks gestation. It discusses risks like diabetes and smoking. It outlines management of preterm infants including in the NICU with incubators and kangaroo care. It also discusses long term risks of prematurity like cerebral palsy.
UG class from MCH chapter of Park textbook and other onl. Includes topics such as- child growth and development, preterm, low birth weight, KMC, feeding, neonate, growth assessment, growth charts.
This document discusses child development from birth through adolescence. It covers the major areas of development - gross motor, fine motor, language, social/emotional - and provides typical milestones for various age groups like sitting up alone by 6 months and walking by 12-15 months. The document also mentions tools for assessing development like the Denver Developmental Screening Test and discusses prolonged development during school age and the biological, psychological, and social changes of adolescence.
Growth and development proceed in regular patterns from head to toes and center of body outward. Physical growth is measured by height, weight, and head circumference, while development refers to increased skills and functions. Growth and development are influenced by prenatal factors like maternal health and fetal positioning, as well as postnatal environment including nutrition, socioeconomics, and family structure. Development occurs through distinct stages from infancy to adolescence characterized by physical, cognitive, and social-behavioral milestones. Delays in meeting milestones may indicate developmental issues.
1. Infants develop cognitively and physically according to several principles, including from head to tail and from the center of the body outward. Their senses and motor skills emerge according to predictable patterns in the first years.
2. Brain development proceeds rapidly through synaptogenesis, myelination, and synaptic pruning. The brain exhibits plasticity and is shaped by experiences in sensitive periods.
3. Infants progress from reflexes to purposeful motor skills to locomotion and fine motor coordination according to their neurological, physical, and environmental development. Cognition emerges from sensorimotor skills to symbolic thought and language comprehension.
Physical development in early childhood is marked by growth in both body and brain. The body grows in height and weight, with the average child gaining 2 1/2 inches and 5-7 pounds per year. The brain grows rapidly as well, reaching about 95% of its adult size by age 6. Motor skills also develop, with gross motor skills like running and jumping emerging by ages 3-4 and fine motor skills improving precision of hands and fingers. Proper nutrition, exercise, sleep, and avoiding illness are important for supporting physical growth and development during these early years.
The document summarizes growth and development from infancy to one year. It discusses physical growth including weight, length, head circumference, and other body measurements. It also covers motor, cognitive, psychosocial, and other developmental milestones. Common problems and nursing responsibilities for infants are mentioned. The conclusion restates the importance of understanding infant growth and development.
Prenatal Factors Affecting Motor Developmentkayumangi
The document discusses various prenatal factors that can affect motor development and increase the risk of birth defects. It notes that 1 in 28 babies born in the US have some type of birth defect, including heart defects, skeletal deformities, and chemical imbalances. Conditions in the mother like asthma, cancer, diabetes, and STDs can increase risk. Prenatal malnutrition, drugs/alcohol/smoking, stress, teenage pregnancy, and hereditary/chromosome/genetic disorders can also negatively impact prenatal development. Environmental factors and maternal stress during pregnancy are associated with various infant and childhood health issues. Regular prenatal care is important for monitoring these potential risks.
1) Physical growth is determined by both genetic and environmental factors such as nutrition and experience.
2) There are two main patterns of physical growth - from head to toe (cephalocaudal) and from the center of the body outward (proximodistal).
3) Growth occurs very rapidly in infancy, steadily in childhood, with a marked growth spurt at puberty typically between ages 11-13, after which growth may still occur.
The document discusses physical development in preschool-aged children. It covers changes to the body including growth in height, weight, brain development, and motor skill development. It also addresses children's health, nutrition, illnesses, injuries, abuse, resilience, and toilet training. The document provides information on developmental milestones in these areas for preschool-aged children.
In Paediatrics, Growth and Development are very important. Growth is the assessment of child's nutritional status. This lecture is the backbone of Paediatrics.
According to the WHO, malnutrition is by far the biggest contributor to child mortality
Under-weight births and IUGR (intra-uterine growth restrictions) cause 3 million child deaths a year.
According to the Lancet, consequences of malnutrition in the first two years is irreversible.
Malnourished children grow up with worse health and lower educational achievements.
Malnutrition can exacerbate the problem of diseases such as measles, pneumonia and diarrhoea.
But malnutrition can actually cause diseases itself , and can be fatal in its own right
The term 'faltering growth' is widely used in relation to infants and young children whose weight gain occurs more slowly than expected for their age and sex.
In the past, this was often described as a ‘failure to thrive’ but this is no longer the preferred term :-
partly because ‘failure’ could be perceived as negative,
but also because lesser degrees of faltering growth may not necessarily indicate a significant problem but merely represent variation from the usual pattern when measured against the standardized growth charts (WHO Growth Charts
The document summarizes growth and development from infancy to one year. It discusses physical growth including weight, length, head circumference, and other body measurements. It also covers motor, cognitive, psychosocial, and other developmental milestones. Common problems and nursing responsibilities for infants are mentioned. The conclusion restates the importance of understanding infant growth and development.
Why do teenagers find it difficult to go to sleep at a "decent" hour? And why do they find it so painful to wake up early? Sleep patterns change dramatically in the teenage years, and these changes are completely normal! Here's why...
Introduction to Risk Factors for Pregnancy
Other Risk Factors For Pregnancy
1. Adolescent Pregnancy
2. Elderly Primigravida
3. Unwed Mothers
4. Sexual abuse before and during pregnancy
Consequences Of Adolescent Pregnancy
The document provides information on growth and development in children from infancy through adolescence. It defines growth and development, outlines the stages and domains of development, and normal developmental milestones. Key points include defining growth versus development, identifying factors that influence development, describing normal growth parameters and developmental milestones, and signs of potential developmental delays.
Physical changes during puberty can affect adolescents' self-esteem. Boys and girls experience maturation at different rates which can cause insecurity. Factors like social acceptance, behavior, academic performance, athletics, and physical appearance influence self-esteem. Societal pressures promote thin ideals that lead some teens to unhealthy behaviors. Parents can support teens' healthy development by avoiding criticism, encouraging sleep, nutrition, activity, and open communication. Teens should accept their changing bodies and set realistic goals for themselves.
Maternal nutrition and avoiding drugs and environmental hazards during pregnancy are important factors that can affect development. Adequate weight gain and nutrient intake are needed to support fetal growth. Women at risk of nutritional deficiencies may require counseling. Certain drugs, infections, radiation, and other toxins are teratogens that can cause birth defects, especially during the first trimester of rapid development. Proper breastfeeding and child nutrition are also crucial, as deficiencies in micronutrients like iron, iodine, and vitamins can impair cognitive and behavioral development. Overall nutrition has reciprocal effects between mother and child.
This document discusses physical, motor, and brain development in children and adolescents. It covers early childhood development including communication skills, learning colors and math, and early reading. Middle childhood sees enjoyment of practicing motor and learning skills. Adolescence brings puberty changes like growth spurts. Factors like nutrition, genetics, exercise, and sleep affect growth. Physical disabilities, sensory impairments, learning disabilities, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder are also examined.
The document summarizes various topics related to child development between the ages of 1-6 years old, including body changes, brain development, injuries, abuse, and maltreatment. During this period, children experience significant growth and skill development. Their bodies become leaner and more proportional. Their brains continue developing structures that allow for improved thinking and motor skills. Risks include accidental injuries, which are a leading cause of death, as well as various forms of maltreatment that can negatively impact long-term health and development.
This document discusses preterm birth and care of preterm infants. It defines preterm birth as birth before 37 weeks of gestation. It describes developmental milestones from 26-36 weeks gestation. It discusses risks like diabetes and smoking. It outlines management of preterm infants including in the NICU with incubators and kangaroo care. It also discusses long term risks of prematurity like cerebral palsy.
UG class from MCH chapter of Park textbook and other onl. Includes topics such as- child growth and development, preterm, low birth weight, KMC, feeding, neonate, growth assessment, growth charts.
This document discusses child development from birth through adolescence. It covers the major areas of development - gross motor, fine motor, language, social/emotional - and provides typical milestones for various age groups like sitting up alone by 6 months and walking by 12-15 months. The document also mentions tools for assessing development like the Denver Developmental Screening Test and discusses prolonged development during school age and the biological, psychological, and social changes of adolescence.
Growth and development proceed in regular patterns from head to toes and center of body outward. Physical growth is measured by height, weight, and head circumference, while development refers to increased skills and functions. Growth and development are influenced by prenatal factors like maternal health and fetal positioning, as well as postnatal environment including nutrition, socioeconomics, and family structure. Development occurs through distinct stages from infancy to adolescence characterized by physical, cognitive, and social-behavioral milestones. Delays in meeting milestones may indicate developmental issues.
1. Infants develop cognitively and physically according to several principles, including from head to tail and from the center of the body outward. Their senses and motor skills emerge according to predictable patterns in the first years.
2. Brain development proceeds rapidly through synaptogenesis, myelination, and synaptic pruning. The brain exhibits plasticity and is shaped by experiences in sensitive periods.
3. Infants progress from reflexes to purposeful motor skills to locomotion and fine motor coordination according to their neurological, physical, and environmental development. Cognition emerges from sensorimotor skills to symbolic thought and language comprehension.
Physical development in early childhood is marked by growth in both body and brain. The body grows in height and weight, with the average child gaining 2 1/2 inches and 5-7 pounds per year. The brain grows rapidly as well, reaching about 95% of its adult size by age 6. Motor skills also develop, with gross motor skills like running and jumping emerging by ages 3-4 and fine motor skills improving precision of hands and fingers. Proper nutrition, exercise, sleep, and avoiding illness are important for supporting physical growth and development during these early years.
The document summarizes growth and development from infancy to one year. It discusses physical growth including weight, length, head circumference, and other body measurements. It also covers motor, cognitive, psychosocial, and other developmental milestones. Common problems and nursing responsibilities for infants are mentioned. The conclusion restates the importance of understanding infant growth and development.
This document summarizes physical, cognitive, and language development in early childhood from ages 2-7. Physically, children experience steady growth in height, weight, and brain development during this period. Cognitively, they progress from Piaget's preoperational stage to using more intuitive thought. Key cognitive milestones include gains in attention, memory, and the emergence of conservation abilities. Language development involves improvements in phonology, morphology, and vocabulary, with most children speaking thousands of words by age 6. Early childhood education approaches emphasize play-based, child-centered learning as well as Montessori and other teaching philosophies.
Development of Learners at Various Stage by Annah Belgira.pptxAnnahPacardoBelgira
This document discusses development from prenatal stages through early childhood. It describes the three prenatal stages of germinal, embryonic, and fetal, covering weeks 1-40 of development. Key aspects of development are then outlined for infancy/toddlerhood and early childhood, including physical, cognitive, language, motor, social, and emotional development. The stages and milestones discussed provide an overview of growth and changes from conception through age 5.
Effects of maternal behavior on featus RubinaShakil
Maternal behavior, nutrition, stress levels, smoking, drinking, and drug use during pregnancy can affect fetal development in several ways. The fetus is physically connected to the mother through the placenta, so anything the mother ingests or experiences passes to the developing fetus. Studies show that malnutrition, excessive or inadequate nutrition, smoking, drinking alcohol, drug use, high stress levels, anxiety, and depression during pregnancy are linked to poorer fetal growth and development, birth defects, premature birth, low birth weight, respiratory problems, intellectual disabilities and behavioral issues after birth. Optimal prenatal nutrition and minimizing harmful exposures are important for ensuring healthy fetal development.
This chapter discusses puberty and biological foundations of adolescent development. It covers:
- What puberty is and its key physical and hormonal changes.
- Determinants of puberty onset like heredity, weight, hormones, and the endocrine system. Environmental factors like urban living can also influence timing.
- Growth spurts during puberty, where height increases by as much as 30% and weight gains 50%. Sexual maturation also occurs.
- Psychological impacts of puberty like changes in body image and potential social/emotional issues from early or late physical development.
- Biological foundations looking at evolution, genetics, and the interplay between heredity and environment in shaping adolescent
Physical development progresses significantly from early childhood through adolescence. Preschoolers experience growth spurts and gain gross and fine motor skills like running, jumping, and drawing. Primary schoolers' growth is steady as they improve coordination and hygiene. Intermediate schoolers experience more growth and may start puberty. During adolescence, major physical changes occur due to puberty, including rapid growth spurts and sexual maturation through development of secondary sex characteristics. Proper nutrition, sleep, and activities are important for optimal development at all stages.
Physical development progresses significantly from early childhood through adolescence. Preschoolers experience growth spurts and gain gross and fine motor skills like running, jumping, and drawing. Primary schoolers' growth is steady as they improve coordination and hygiene. Intermediate schoolers experience more growth and interest in physical activities. During adolescence, puberty causes dramatic physical changes through growth spurts and sexual maturation, leading to adult body proportions. Proper nutrition, sleep, and environments support optimal development at each stage.
Here are the key points to discuss regarding the importance of feeding history in assessing failure to thrive:
- Feeding history provides important information about quantity and quality of milk intake, which is crucial to evaluate nutritional status and growth. Insufficient intake can lead to failure to thrive.
- It identifies issues like improper formula preparation which can cause electrolyte imbalances and affect growth. Common issues are over-dilution reducing nutrients or concentration causing dehydration.
- For breastfed infants, history on breastfeeding patterns reveals issues like poor latch or milk production which impact nutrition. It evaluates if exclusive or mixed feeding and assesses breastmilk intake.
- Changes in feeding amounts and methods over time help identify when growth faltering
Physical Cognitive Development Early Childood.pptxNurVural3
Physical development in early childhood involves steady growth in height and weight, with body fat declining. Children's brains grow rapidly during this period, reaching 90% of adult size by age 5. This growth is facilitated by myelination and increased neural connections. Motor skills also develop significantly between ages 3-5, with improvements in gross motor abilities like jumping, running, and stair climbing as well as in fine motor coordination.
The document outlines the major biological and health changes that occur throughout the human lifespan from birth to death. It discusses the stages of infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and late adulthood. Key biological changes at each stage include rapid brain development in infancy, puberty and hormonal changes in adolescence, peak physical performance in early adulthood, and cognitive and physical decline in late adulthood. Health priorities shift from infant nutrition and safety to immunizations in childhood, risk-taking in adolescence, preventing cardiovascular disease in adulthood, and managing chronic illnesses in late adulthood.
During the preschool years, children experience significant physical and cognitive development. Their bodies grow stronger as muscle size increases and bones become sturdier. The brain grows rapidly, particularly areas related to motor skills, senses, and cognitive abilities. Major developmental milestones include gaining independence using the bathroom and developing hand preferences. Children's health risks include injuries, illnesses, nutrition issues like obesity, and extreme threats like abuse and neglect. Parents can support development by providing a healthy lifestyle, education on safety, and nurturing caregiving relationships.
This document provides an overview of a university module on health throughout the lifespan. It includes 5 taught days split between in-person and online learning. Assessments include a 3,000 word case study on a patient's life and health and a 1,000 word summary of learning. The module will cover key stages of life, health at each stage, developmental milestones, and the impact of illness. It warns students that some topics may be sensitive and provides support resources. The document then outlines physical, cognitive, social, and language developmental milestones from infancy through age 3.
This document discusses pediatric growth and development from fetal development through childhood. It covers the principles of growth including cephalocaudal and proximodistal direction from general to specific abilities. Factors that can influence growth such as genetics, nutrition, environment and medical conditions are explained. The document also provides guidelines for monitoring growth through measurements of weight, length, head circumference, chest circumference and dental development at different ages.
Physical and cognitive development in early childhoodAbigael Mabalot
Physical growth slows in early childhood from ages 3 to 6 as children lose their roundness and develop more adult-like proportions. Nutrition remains important as obesity risks increase, and diet should emphasize lean proteins, fruits and vegetables while limiting sugars and saturated fats. Motor skills advance as children gain strength, coordination and control over their bodies. Illnesses are common but help build immunity, while accidents pose risks that parents can help mitigate.
This document discusses growth and development in children. It defines growth as a quantitative increase in physical size while development refers to qualitative improvements in skills and abilities. The document outlines the major stages of growth from infancy to adolescence and lists factors that can influence development such as genetics, prenatal environment, nutrition, and socioeconomic status. It also provides examples of developmental milestones in areas like gross motor skills, fine motor skills, language, and social skills that children typically reach at certain ages from birth to 2 years old.
The document discusses various physical and cognitive changes that occur during the play years from ages 1-6. Key developments include body changes like growth patterns and eating habits, rapid brain growth and development of motor skills. The prefrontal cortex matures, improving impulse control and attention. Children also face risks from injuries, abuse, and nutritional deficiencies during this period. Avoiding harm requires primary, secondary and tertiary prevention strategies.
The document discusses developmental progression in children from birth to age 5. It describes typical developmental milestones and signs that may indicate developmental delay. It outlines factors that influence growth and development, such as genetics, environment, nutrition and illness. The stages of growth from prenatal to adolescence are provided. The principles, investigation and management of abnormal development are also summarized.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
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A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...
Biological and health changes
1. Human Biological
and Health Development
By Jason Arca, Anne Hobbs, Tara Polich, and Martha Rivera
Alliant International University, School Psychology MAE Program
PPS6009 Life Span Development
2. Body Growth in Infancy
● On average, North American newborns are 20 inches long and weigh
7 ½ pounds
● Most newborns lose between 5 and 7 percent of their body weight in
the first days
● As soon as they adjust to sucking, swallowing, and digesting, they
grow quickly
● By the time they have reached 4 months they often double their birth
weight
● Infants grow approximately ¾ inch per month during the first year
● Growth rate slows down a lot in the second year of life
● At age 2, infants weigh about 26 to 32 pounds
● A typical 2-year-old is 32 to 35 inches tall
3. Brain Changes in Infancy
● The EGG is used to measure brain development in infancy
● The newborn’s brain is about 25 percent of its adult weight
● At two, the brain is about 75 percent of its adult weight
● The myelin sheath and connections between dendrites are
two important developments during the first two years
● The areas of the brain do not mature consistently
● The motor control centers around brain develop at about 2
month of age
● At about one year, the brain allows speech to occur
● Brain activity may be depressed in children who grow up
in a deprived environment
● As the frontal lobe matures, infants are able to regulate
their physiological states (such as sleep)
4. Sleep in Infancy
● Newborns sleep an average of 12.8 hours per day
● The most common infant sleep-related problem reported by parents is nighttime waking
● REM sleep occurs for a much longer period in infancy than any other point in life
● Infants spend about half of their sleep time in REM sleep
● SIDS is the number one cause of infant death in the United States
● When infants are placed on their backs to sleep their risk of SIDS is reduced
● Prone sleeping, maternal smoking, and bed sharing place infants at the greatest risk of SIDS
5. Breast Vs. Bottle Feeding
● Most people believe that breastfeeding is better for a child’s health
● In 2008 over 75% of newborns were breast fed
● The American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Breastfeeding recommends
exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months and to continue as other foods
are introduced
Benefits of Breastfeeding for the Child
● Less gastrointestinal infections
● Less respiratory tract infections
● Protects against wheezing in babies
● Less likely to develop middle ear infections
● Lowers chances of being overweight or obese in childhood, adolescence, and
adulthood
● Less likely to develop type 1 diabetes in childhood and type 2 in adulthood
● Less likely to develop SIDS
6. Growth In Childhood
Early Childhood (Preschool)
● When children reach the preschool years, the percentage of increase in height and weight
decreases with each additional year (Santrock,2016).
● At this time, girls are smaller than boys and have more fatty tissue, while boys have more
muscle tissue.
● As their bodies start to lengthen, they begin to slim down and lose their “baby fat”.
● All children grow at different rates. Some children might be significantly taller than the
rest. This variation is a result of mostly heredity, but environmental experiences play a
role as well.
● A child’s ethnic group and diet are the two biggest contributors when it comes to height
and weight.
Middle and Late Childhood (Elementary School)
● During this time, children are growing at a slow, yet consistent rate (an average of 2-3
inches per year).
● The average 8 year old is about 4 feet 2 inches and weighs 56 pounds.
● Weight gain is a result of the increase in size of the skeletal system, muscular system, and
the bodies organs.
● At this age, a child experiences significant changes in proportions. Head circumference,
waist circumference, and leg length all start to decrease while they grow.
7. Children’s Health
● Although disease is not as big of a threat as it use to be, it is still very important
for parents to be sure that their children are getting the immunizations they
need.
● Parents can improve their child’s health by avoiding accidents.
● Accidents include: falls, poison, burns, car accidents, foreign objects,
suffocation, and choking.
● It is the job of the parents or caregiver to keep a close eye on the child at all
times. The caregiver should make sure a young child’s surroundings are clear
of objects that could lead to an accident. In addition, the caregiver must be sure
that a child is securely strapped in when riding in a motor vehicle.
● In addition, research has found that children are at risk for health problems
when they live in a home where a parent or guardian smokes.
● Caregivers should also limit their drinking, or avoid it all together while their
children are young.
● Unfortunately, roughly 11 million young children in the United States are
malnourished as a result of poverty (Santrock, 2016). This increases their risk
of contracting both major and minor diseases.
● Experts are trying their best to come up with ways to help improve the health of
children living in poverty.
8. Sleep During Childhood
● According to Dr. Carolyn Thiedke (2001), many children have difficulty sleeping.
● Odd sleeping behaviors are one of the most common reasons for doctor office visits.
● Dr. Thiedke (2001) states that there are studies that have shown that “night awakenings” are common throughout early
childhood. In fact, 1 in 3 children up until the age of 4 will continue to wake up multiple times during the night and cannot go
back to sleep without the help of a parent.
● One example of a sleeping disorder is night terrors. Night terrors are common in children ages 3 to 8. They are most likely
caused by stress and fatigue. The best way to avoid any further night terrors is to eliminate any stress from the child’s
environment, and to make sure they are getting plenty of rest.
● Another common unhealthy sleeping behavior is a child’s constant attempt at delaying sleep. These children are usually dealing
with major autonomy and separation problems. The best way for parents to deal with this is by ignoring the child’s demands. A
common demand is “one more story”. Giving the child objects like a blanket or a stuffed animal could also help the situation.
9. Adolescent Body Growth and Development
● Adolescence is characterized by a growth spurt and other pubertal changes
● Girls start their growth spurt younger than boys.
● Boys later surpass girls in height and weight, as they grow at a faster rate.
● Puberty is typified by physical and behavioral changes caused by increase
in release of hormones by endocrine glands:
○ Hypothalamus (eating and sexual behavior)
○ Pituitary gland (growth and regulates other glands.
○ Ovaries in girl (menstruation and ovulation, release of eggs from
ovaries)
○ Testes in boys (sperm production)
● These changes often lead to teens and young adults to be overly self-
consciousness of body image.
Mean/typical feature Girls Boys
Growth spurt begins 9 years 11 years
Peak of pubertal change 11 1/2 years 13 1/2 years
Height increase per year 3 1/2 inches 4 inches
Order of appearance of
pubertal changes
Enlargement of breasts
Appearance of publc hair
Appearance of armpit hair
Widening of hips
First menstruation
Ovulation
Increase size of penis & testes
Appearance of pubic hair
Voice change
First ejaculation
Appearance of armpit hair
Growth of facial hair
From Twardos, M. (2011) “Average Height of American
Boys and Girls in Feet vs. Age”. Retrived from
http://theinformationdiet.blogspot.com/2011/11/average-
height-of-american-boys-and.html
U.S. GROWTH CHART FROM 2000 CDC DATA
SUMMARY OF PUBERTAL CHANGES OF GIRLS VS. BOYS
10. Brain Development from
Adolescence to Young Adulthood
● Neurons are continually pruned, becoming more specialized
through skills being acquired.
● Four sections of the brain undergo changes:
○ Limbic system, attributed to emotions and reward-
seeking, completely develops by early adolescence.
○ Prefrontal cortex, responsible for reasoning and long-
term decision-making, fully matures at 18-25 years.
○ Corpus callosum, which connects the two hemispheres,
becomes thicker (Santrock, 2016, p. 98).
○ Cerebellum, which is involved coordination of different
intellectual processes (Spinks, 2002).
● Since the limbic system matures much earlier than the
prefrontal cortex or cerebellum, teens seek short-term
rewards without thinking of long term consequence, leading
to risky behavior.
Adult and teen brain, JDeCarli (2009). Pro Consumer Safety.
Developing prefrontal cortex JDeCarli (2009). Pro Consumer Safety.
11. Behaviors and Environment
● Teens circadian clock shifts forward, creating a tendency to stay up
later and wake up later (Spinks).
● Viewing electronic media late at night and caffeine use is attributed to
teens not getting adequate sleep during this critical phase of growth
(Santrok, p. 107).
● Giving in to peer pressure is common, due to immature development of
prefrontal cortex.
● Many aspects of health will be determined if adolescents engage in
risky behaviors, such as drug abuse, unprotected sex, and activities
that can injure.
● Body image issues can lead to depression and eating disorders.
● Emerging and young adults are more likely to suffer from chronic
illnesses due to poor health habits, and have more than double the
mortality rate of adolescents (Santrok, p. 120).
● One study shows illegal drug use becomes more and more common as
grade level increases from 8th to 12th grades (Santrok, p. 141). Anggara, E. (2010). [Image]. Retrieved from
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/th
umb/7/7a/Kissing_by_Teen_1.jpg
12. Middle Adulthood
Women and men at the age of 40 are now entering middle adulthood. Some of the
physical and health changes that middle age adults experience occur at an earlier age
for some and later for others. The way one lives their life and the genes they inherit will
also play a vital role on when and if any or all of these changes can occur. If someone
chooses to drink excessively, smoke regularly, not exercise, and deprive themselves of
sleep, then this can lead to poor health and impairs life satisfaction ( Blake, 2015,
Donatelle, 2013). An adult, who early on eats right, exercises, can handle stress well,
and makes sure to rest, will have a better life satisfaction later on.
At this stage in life adults may start to experience some
or most of the following issues:
● Changes in vision begin affecting the ability to focus on
close objects and objects in the distance
● Hair begins to thin out and can begin to grey
● Skin becomes drier, wrinkles, and age spots start to
appear
● Immune system is less effective
● Height loss and weight gain may occur
● Reproduction system is changing
● Hearing loss might begin
● Difficulty Sleeping
13. Women vs Men
● Menopause (menstrual periods end
and no longer fertile)
● Sex drive decreases
● Live an average of 80.8
years
● Higher chance of non-
fatal chronic condtions
● Higher chance of
hypertension &
visuals problems
● 80 % of osteoporosis
cases are women
● Testosterone production sperm
count declines gradually but
don’t lose fertility
● Erectile Dysfunction
● Sex drive decreases gradually
● Live an average of 75.7 years
● Higher chance of a fatal chronic
condition
● Higher chance of hearing
problems
● 20% of osteoporosis
cases are men
14. Late Adulthood to Death
Today, more and more individuals are living longer lives. There were 72,000
centenarians living in the U.S. at that time and the number is expected to increase
to 600,000 by 2050 (U.S. Census Bureau, 2011). 23% of women and 17% of men
aged 85 years or older have a chance of developing a neurological disorder like
Dementia. Dementia is a neurological disorder that can lead to adults not being
able to physically care for themselves and unable to recognize familiar things.
Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s are just two types of dementia, that both can be
treated with drugs to subside their symptoms and slow down the disease, but
eventually those individuals will succumb to the disease. Cardiovascular disease
was once the number one cause of death amongst this age but cancer is now the
leading cause of death. 60% of US adults between the age of 65-74 die from
cancer or cardiovascular disease( Murphy,Xu & Kochanek, 2012)
Source:Hebert LE, Weuve J, Scherr PA, Evans DA. Alzheimer
disease in the United States (2010-2050) estimated using the
2010 Census. Neurology 2013;80(19):1778-83.
At this stage in life adults might experience some of the
following issues:
● Physical decline & less energy
● Decrease in muscle mass & reaction time is slower
● Immune system less effective
● The body & its organs are becoming less efficient
15. References
Hebert LE, Weuve J, Scherr PA, Evans DA. Alzheimer disease in the United States (2010-2050) estimated using the
2010 Census. Neurology 2013;80(19):1778-83.
Santrock, J.W. (2016). A Topical Approach to Life-span Development (8th ed). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill
Education.
Spinks, S. (Writer, Director). (2012, January 31). Inside the Teenage Brain. [Television series episode] In S. Spinks
(Producer), Frontline. Boston: PBS. Retrieved from https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/film/inside-the-teenage-
brain/.
Thiedke, C. C. (2001). Sleep Disorders and Sleep Problems in Childhood. American Family Physician, 63(2), 277-
285. Retrieved September 8, 2018, from https://www.aafp.org/afp/2001/0115/p277.html.