This document discusses development from prenatal stages through early childhood. It describes the three prenatal stages of germinal, embryonic, and fetal, covering weeks 1-40 of development. Key aspects of development are then outlined for infancy/toddlerhood and early childhood, including physical, cognitive, language, motor, social, and emotional development. The stages and milestones discussed provide an overview of growth and changes from conception through age 5.
A project to promote conceptual learning for all;
Dr. Amjad ali arain; University of Sind; Faculty of Education; Pakistan
Stages or periods of development and learning
A project to promote conceptual learning for all;
Dr. Amjad ali arain; University of Sind; Faculty of Education; Pakistan
Stages or periods of development and learning
it is uploaded to nurse educator to teach students about unit -2 healthy child in pediatric nursing. it also help the para medics & general public about normal growth & development of child. it also help to identify deviation from normal growth.
Similar to Development of Learners at Various Stage by Annah Belgira.pptx (20)
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
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This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
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Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
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Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
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The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
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3. Prenatal Period /
Development
The process of prenatal development
occurs in three main stages. The first
two weeks after conception are
known as the germinal stage, the
third to eight week is known as
embryonic period, and the time from
the ninth week until birth is known
as the fetal period.
5. The two-week period after conception is called the germinal stage. Conception
occurs when a sperm cell combines with an egg cell to form a zygote. About
thirty-six hours after conception, the zygote begins to divide quickly. The
resulting ball of cells moves along the mother’s fallopian tube to the uterus.
Stage 1: The Germinal Stage (WEEKS 1 TO 2)
6. The embryonic stage lasts from the end of the germinal stage to two months after conception. The
developing ball of cells is now called an embryo. In this stage, all the major organs form, and the
embryo becomes very fragile. The biggest dangers are teratogens, which are agents such as viruses,
drugs, or radiation that can cause deformities in an embryo or fetus. At the end of the embryonic period,
the embryo is only about an inch long.
Stage 2: The Embryonic Stage (WEEKS 3 TO 8)
7. The last stage of prenatal development is the fetal stage,
which lasts from two months after conception until birth.
About one month into this stage, the sex organs of the
fetus begin to form. The fetus quickly grows as bones and
muscles form, and it begins to move inside the uterus.
Organ systems develop further and start to function.
During the last three months, the brain increases rapidly in
size, an insulating layer of fat forms under the skin, and
the respiratory and digestive systems start to work
independently.
Stage 3: The Fetal Stage (WEEKS 9 TO 40)
8. Fetal Viability
Around twenty-two to twenty-six weeks after conception,
the fetus reaches the age of viability, after which it has
some chance of surviving out-side the womb if it is born
prematurely. The chances of a premature baby’s survival
increase significantly with each additional week it remains
in the mother’s uterus.
● Fetal viability depends largely on the fetal organ
maturity and environmental conditions.
● Viability of a fetus means having reached such a stage
of development as to be capable of living, under
normal conditions, outside the uterus.
9. Although the womb provides protection, the fetus remains
indirectly connected to the outside world through its mother.
Several factors that are linked to the mother can harm the
fetus
● Poor nutrition
● Use of alcohol
● Smoking
● Use of certain prescription or over-the-counter drugs
● Use of recreational drugs such as cocaine, sedatives, and
narcotics
● X-rays and other kinds of radiation
● Ingested toxins, such as lead
● Illnesses such as AIDS, German measles, syphilis, cholera,
smallpox, mumps, or severe flu
Adverse Factors Affecting Fetal Development
12. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
Mothers who drink heavily during pregnancy
may have babies with fetal alcohol syndrome.
Babies with this syndrome may have
problems such as small head size, heart
defects, irritability, hyperactivity, mental
retardation, or slowed motor development.
Fetal alcohol syndrome is incurable.
13. Prenatal Influences
During each prenatal stage, genetic and environmental factors can affect development. The developing fetus is completely
dependent on the mother for life. It is important that the mother takes good care of herself and receives prenatal care, which is
medical care during pregnancy that monitors the health of both the mother and the fetus.
-Prenatal Period is the period of time before birth. A woman nutritional needs are high during this time , because a woman
may not know that she is pregnant, she maybe poorly nourished or take alcohol or drugs.
-With regular prenatal care women can reduce the risk of pregnancy.
14. This stage marks the physical growth during the first two years. It is also considered as one of the most remarkable
and busiest times of Development. Rapid changes in the infant's body and brain support learning, motor skills, and
perpetual capacities.
Infancy is defined as the first year of life
after birth. For the first month after birth, an
infant is called as newborn.
Toddlerhood- a toddler is a young child who
is learning to walk or “toddle”. It generally
between the age of 1 to 2 years.
Infancy and
Toddlerhood
15. The term "cognitive" means knowledge. This development has to do with the way children learn and think.
Children learn things by imitating their parents. This goes along with deferred imitation, which is when a child
experiences something, and remembers it after 24 hours and imitates it. This happens with children from 14-24
months old.
Cognitive Development: From Birth to 2 years
The Sensorimotor Stage (Birth to 2 Years)
Major characteristics and developmental changes during
this stage:
•Know the world through movements and sensations
•Learn about the world through basic actions such as
sucking, grasping, looking, and listening
•Learn that things continue to exist even when they cannot
be seen (object permanence)
•Realize that they are separate beings from the people and
objects around them
•Realize that their actions can cause things to happen in the
world around them
16. Emotional Development in infants and toddlers are very important for the rest of their lives.
Adult-child interaction is very good for a child's emotional development. Infant's using social
referencing which "is the ability to search for and use the emotional signals of others to guide
behavior in new situations." This means that a child understands their caregiver's emotion and can
feed off of that. This can also be called emotional referencing (Woolfolk & Perry, 2012).
Example:
● Know familiar faces and begins to know if someone is a stranger
● Likes to play with others
● Likes to look at self in the mirror
Emotional Development: In Infant & Toddlers
17. Infants and toddlers are known to be sociable in the first three of their lives. This
is one of the most important developments in a child's life. A child needs to be with
children their age even when they are infants and toddlers. These interactions are
very good for them to experience so they can build relationships, this builds
curiosity. Prosocial development is when a child is helping or comforting a peer
when they are in distress (Woolfolk & Perry, 2012).
Social Development: In Infant & Toddlers
18. One of the most important factors of life is language development. Language development also means any
type of communication, including sign language, gestures, body movements, etc. Infants understand tones and
certain sounds when they are only at the "cooing" stages. Children start talking more when they are 12-18
months old, and this is called the language explosion stage. Below is a graph that shows language
development (Woolfolk & Perry, 2012).
Example:
● Try imitate speech sound
● Say a few words such as dada, mama
● Understand common instruction like come here
Language Development: In Infant & Toddlers
19. Fine Motor skills are
when a child uses their
fingers, thumbs, hands,
and wrists to do
something. An example of
this would be grasping
something or reaching.
Motor Development: In Infant & Toddlers
Large Motor skills is when an
infant/toddler walks, climbs,
crawls, etc.
Some things to help your
child with fine motor skills is
finger painting! An idea for
large motor skills is kicking a
little ball around if they are
able to walk (Woolfolk &
Perry, 2012).
There are two different types of motor development:
21. Early Childhood (3-5 years
of age)
Early childhood development (ECD) encompasses physical, socio
emotional, cognitive and motor development between 0-8 years of age.
Neuro-scientific evidence is rapidly evolving and in 2016, updated
evidence became available on the burden of children at risk of sub-
optimal development, effective interventions, affordability of their
delivery, and the cost of inaction.
22. Early Childhood
• ECD is a priority area of work for WHO, as it is a window of opportunity to
improve health and equity. A continuum of care – from preconception through
the formative early years – is needed to safeguard and maximize children’s
developmental outcomes. The health sector has a key role to play. It has the
potential to reach many families and children during pregnancy, childbirth and
early childhood, and is poised to deliver effective interventions for optimal
development of young children. –WHO
• Early childhood care and education (ECCE), as defined by UNESCO, is the
“holistic development of a child’s social, emotional, cognitive and physical
needs in order to build a solid and broad foundation for lifelong learning and
wellbeing.” We know these experiences shape young learners’ minds, attitudes
and often behaviors. –UNESCO
23. •The physical maturation during
early childhood is an extension of
the child’s prior growth.
•Fine and gross motor skills become
increasingly more refined and
coordinated so that children are able
to carry out activities of daily living
with greater independence.
Physical Development
24. The early childhood stage of
cognitive development is labeled
by Piaget as the preoperational
period.
This stage emphasizes the child’s
inability to think things through
logically without acting it out and it is
the transitional period when the child
starts to use symbols (letters and
numbers) to represent something.
Cognitive
Development
25. They perform gross motor
skills such as running,
jumping, throwing and
biking.
Fine motor skills: stringing
beads, drawing and cutting
with scissors
Motor Skills
26. Erikson (1963) has labeled the psychosocial
maturation level in early childhood as the period of
initiative versus guilt. Children takes on task for
the sake of being involve and on the move.
•Excess energy and a desire to dominate may lead
to frustration and anger on their part.
•Their growing imagination can lead to many fears
(separation, disapproval, pain, punishment and
aggression from others.)
•In this phase of development, children begin interacting
with playmates rather than just playing along side one
another.
• Through play, children in the preschool years also begin
to share ideas and imitate parents of the same sex.
Role playing is typical of this age as the child attempts
to learn the responsibilities of family members.
●At this point, children are just starting to
gain a little bit of independence like toileting,
feeding and dressing.
Psychosocial
Development
27. Erikson (1963) has labeled the psychosocial
maturation level in early childhood as the period of
initiative versus guilt. Children takes on task for
the sake of being involve and on the move.
•Excess energy and a desire to dominate may lead
to frustration and anger on their part.
•Their growing imagination can lead to many fears
(separation, disapproval, pain, punishment and
aggression from others.)
•In this phase of development, children begin interacting
with playmates rather than just playing along side one
another.
• Through play, children in the preschool years also begin
to share ideas and imitate parents of the same sex.
Role playing is typical of this age as the child attempts
to learn the responsibilities of family members.
●At this point, children are just starting to
gain a little bit of independence like toileting,
feeding and dressing.
Psychosocial Development
28. EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT
• A tremendous amount of social and emotional
development takes place during early childhood.
• As kids experience tantrums, mood, swings and an
expanding social world, they must learn more about their
emotions as those other people.
• Throughout the toddler years, temper tantrums are quite
common. There’s a good reason why people often refer
to this stage as the ‘terrible twos’.
•A tremendous amount of social
and emotional development takes
place during early childhood.
•As kids experience tantrums,
mood, swings and an expanding
social world, they must learn more
about their emotions as those
other people.
•Throughout the toddler years,
temper tantrums are quite
common. There’s a good reason
why people often refer to this
stage as the ‘terrible twos’.
Emotional Development