The document discusses biodiversity and species diversity. It defines biodiversity as the variety of living things in a given area, including plants, animals, fungi and microorganisms. A species is the basic unit of biodiversity. Species diversity refers to the number and abundance of different species in a community. It is measured by species richness, which is simply the number of species, and species evenness, which measures how evenly abundant each species is. A community with many unique species and even abundance across species has higher diversity.

1. Prepared by: Sir Gino

2. explain the concept of biodiversity specifically species diversity,
recognize the value of biodiversity in our community, and
create a project proposal on how we can protect and
conserve our community’s biodiversity for future generations.

3. Explain the concept of a species.

4. Biodiversity is coined from the words “biological diversity”.
It describes how varied living things are in a certain area -
plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms as well as the
community they form and the habitat they are living in.

5. An organism is part of biodiversity; its products are a
source of food, medicine, clothing, shelter, and energy.
They also play an important role in sustaining balance
in the ecosystem. A group of organisms makes a
population with the basic unit known as species.

6. Genetics diversity
Ecosystem diversity
Species diversity

7. pertains to the difference in the genetic composition of
each organism e.g. Beagle, Shih Tzu, German Shepherd,
and Doberman are all the same species but they differ in
the variety of their genes.

8. concerns the different kinds of places where organisms
live and the interconnections that bind these organisms
together e.g. lakes, rivers, and ponds are all freshwater
ecosystems.

9. deals with the different kinds of organisms e.g.
dragonflies, sunflowers, and dogs are all different
species.

10. • Species diversity talks about the difference within species or
differences between similar species.
• A species is the fundamental unit of diversity.

11. • Species diversity pertains to the number of species and
abundance of every species in a specific community.
• It reflects the richness and evenness of the abundance of
species in a certain place.

12. • High-diversity places consist of numerous kinds
of species.
• Low diversity places may be highly populated but
may not be diverse.

13. High-diversity
places
Low diversity
places
FARM Zoo

14. Typological Species Concept
Biological Species Concept
Phylogenetic Species Concept

15. Defines species as a group whose members share certain
characteristics that distinguish them from other species.

16. Considers species as a distinguished group of
populations whose members are capable of
interbreeding successfully and are reproductively
isolated from the other groups to produce fertile
offspring.

17. Defines species as a group of organisms with a shared,
unique genetic history. It uses this concept to classify
species by looking at a group whose members come
from a common ancestor and have shared a unique
evolutionary history, possessing a combination of
certain defining, or derived traits.

18. Species richness
Species evenness
Species dominance

19. Is the simplest measurement of species diversity. It
relates to the number of species inhabiting a given area
or habitat.

20. For example, if we have two plots of land, A and B, and
plot A has twenty-four species of plants and plot B has
eighty-four species of plants, plot B has higher species
richness.

21. Measures how many individual organisms belong to
each species. It refers to the similarity in numbers or
equal abundance of species in a particular area.

22. Mathematically it is defined as a diversity index, a
measure of biodiversity which quantifies how equal the
community is numerical. So if there are 40 foxes and
1000 dogs, the community is not very even.

23. Refers to a dominant species distributed across a given area.
Species that have high abundance relative to other species in a
community, and have proportionate effects on environmental
conditions, community diversity and/or ecosystem function.

25. Direction: Analyze the given
picture to answer the following
questions.

26. Which community has the lowest
species richness?
Community A

27. Which community has the lowest
species evenness?
Community C

28. Which community of the three has the
highest species diversity, and why?
Community B has both a larger number of species
than Community A and a higher evenness than
Community C