EVSBCOM

1. Introduction to
Biodiversity
Biodiversity refers to the variety of life on Earth, including the diversity of
species, genes, and ecosystems. It encompasses the multitude of interactions
among species and their environment, providing numerous ecological services
essential for human well-being and survival.
by Utkarsh Sharma

2. Definition of Biodiversity
1 Variety of Life Forms
Biodiversity encompasses
the differing life forms,
including plants, animals,
microorganisms, and
ecosystems.
2 Genetic Variation
It includes the diversity of
genes within species,
crucial for adaptation and
evolution.
3 Ecosystem Diversity
Refers to the various
habitats, communities, and
ecological processes on
Earth.

3. Importance of Biodiversity
Ecological Balance
Biodiversity ensures the stability
and resilience of ecosystems,
contributing to overall
environmental health.
Economic Value
Provides essential resources such
as food, medicine, and raw
materials, contributing to
economic prosperity.
Cultural Significance
Enriches human culture and
tradition, influencing art,
spirituality, and heritage.

4. Patterns of Biodiversity
1
Latitudinal Gradient
Diversity of species increases towards the equator due to favorable climate and
resources.
2
Altitudinal Gradient
Species richness decreases with altitude due to changes in environmental
conditions.
3
Biodiversity Hotspots
Areas with exceptionally high levels of species richness along with high endemism.

5. Latitudinal Gradient of Species Richness
Equator High species diversity
Poles Low species diversity
Factors: Climate, resources, and evolutionary history

6. Altitudinal Gradient of Species
Richness
Lower Altitudes
More diverse habitats and favorable
conditions for various species.
Higher Altitudes
Harsher environments and lower species
diversity due to decreasing resources.

7. Biodiversity Hotspots
Endemic Species
Unique species found only in
specific regions with high levels of
biodiversity.
Conservation Priority
Areas in need of urgent
conservation efforts to protect
threatened species and
ecosystems.
Tropical Rainforests
Hotspots often coincide with
tropical rainforests, supporting
incredible biodiversity.

8. Factors Influencing Global Diversity
7 continents
Geographical Distribution
Each continent contributes to global biodiversity with
unique ecosystems and species.
Climate change
Environmental Conditions
Drastic changes in climate can significantly impact
global biodiversity patterns.

9. Human Impacts on Biodiversity
1 Habitat Destruction
Human activities such as deforestation and urbanization lead to loss of natural
habitats.
2 Overexploitation
Excessive hunting, fishing, and harvesting contribute to the decline of many
species.
3 Pollution
Toxic substances & waste affect ecosystems, leading to significant biodiversity loss.

10. Conservation Efforts and Future
Challenges
Protected Areas
Establishment and management of national
parks and reserves for biodiversity conservation.
Sustainable Practices
Promotion of sustainable agriculture and
responsible resource management.
Climate Change Adaptation
Addressing the impact of climate change on
biodiversity and ecosystems.
Global Cooperation
Collaborative efforts to address the complex
challenges facing biodiversity conservation.