DESIGNING OF HYBRID POWER GRID FOR REMOTE VILLAGE

1. AN ASSIGNMENT ON DESIGNING OF HYBRIDE
POWER GRID FOR REMOTE VILLAGE
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OE TECHNOLOGY
JAMSEDPUR
Submitted by :-
Rajbala Purnima Priya
rajbalapurnimapriya@gmail.com

2. ASSIGNMENT – 2
DESIGN OF HYBRIDE POWER GRID FOR REMOTE VILLAGE
ABSTRACT
World is an urgent need of sustainable way of development and the use of renewable energy plays a
vital role in it. The drastic change in climate drew the attention of scientists and environmentalists.
Global warming is rapidly increasing all over the world. The greenhouse effect is the process in which
radiation from an earth’s atmosphere heats the surface of the earth to a temperature above what it
would be without this atmosphere. Burning of fossils fuels produces huge amount of green house gas
(carbon dioxide).Worldwide46%of carbon dioxide emissions comes from the burning of coal only and it
is responsible for 72% of total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the electricity sector only. Inthis
assignmentwediscusstheimportanceof standalonehybrid powergrid for a small village. The design of
a hybrid power grid consists of solar, wind, biomass and micro hydro power plant to supply
uninterrupted power to the load or consumers. A diesel generator is added to ensure unbroken power
supply and to take care of irregular nature of solar and wind power plant.
INTRODUCTION
A hybridpowergrid system consists of two or more energy systems, an energy storage system, power
conditioningequipmentanda controller . A hybrid energy system may or may not be connected to the
grid.Theyare generallyindependent of large centralized electric grids and are used in rural or remote
areas. Hybridsystems,because the name impliescombine twoor more modes of electricity generation
together, using renewable technologies such as solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind turbines. Hybrid
systems provide a high level of energy security through the combination of generation methods.
1. Diagram of solar-wind Hybrid system

3. Methodology
● Solararray or photovoltaic(PV) cellshasabsorbedsunbeambyradiationandprovideselectric
energy.
● Solarpanelsare the mediumtoconvertsolar energyintoelectrical power.
● A windturbine obtainsitspowerinputbyconvertingthe force of the windintotorque (turning
power) actingonthe rotor blades.
● The quantityof energywhichthe windtransferstothe rotor dependsonthe densityof air,the
rotor area andtherefore the windspeed.
● Both systems(solar&windturbine) have producedDCpower.
● The both electricpowershave storedinthe batterybythe batterycharger.
● Both powershave beencontrolledbyinverter(DC/AC)andsuppliedtothe lightingsystem.
Need for Hybridisation
● For increasingoutput.
● For fulfillingdemandof aconsumer.
● Providinguninterruptedpowersupply.
● Systemcan designforbothoff gridand an grid.
Advantages of Hybrid System
● It isfree and available inadequatequantitiesinalmostpartsof the worldwhere people live.
● It isan inexhaustiblesource of energy.
● Wind- Solarisavailable wholeyear.
● The setupdevice isverysimple.
● The wind- solarenergyconversionsystemismore stable.
● It requiresalittle maintenance andoperationcost.
● Easy installationmethod.
● Environmentfriendly.
● The value to supplyunitpowerisrelativelylessthanotherrenewableenergy.
Electrical Loads DemandBy The Remote Village
The small village consists of 23 families. They required electricity for basic needs like illumination of
bulbsinnightand fansfor summerdays. For agriculture purpose several pumpsare requiredforcertain
period. For charging phones and laptops, PC etc, and usage of refrigerator at summer days , therefore
summer season are peak days of electricity consumption.

4. Electricity consumption table-
Name of appliances No of appliances Energy consumption in
watt
Total energy
consumption(kWh/day)
Bulb 200 9 10.8
Fan 200 30 108
Pump 18 373 26.856
Refrigerator 24 150 64.8
Charging electric
equipment
24 40 3.84
Use of bulbsat the nights for 6 hours every day for whole year, fans and refrigerator is to be use for 18
hours a day for summer (march-october) for 18 hours per day. Charging of electronic devices use 4
hours per day of electricity whole year, and the pump of 0.5HP is to be use for 2 hours for agriculture
purpose for an average of 4 months.
Component details of Hybrid
Components Size Life
Diesel
generator
22 kW 15000 hours
PV Cell 325W 25 years
Wind power
plant
10KW 25years
Converter 50 kW 10 years
Battery 1 kWh 15 years
1.1 PV cell
For application of a village large amount of solar energy is required and for that it is necessary
that the solar panel should be highly efficient and maintenance should be minimum, so
considering these requirements I selected Canadian solar cell of 325W polycrystalline cell.
Though the capital cost will be more for such PV cell.
Table-2 System component table
Table 1- various appliances load table

5. 1.2 Converter
Converter needs to maintain flow of energy between AC and DC power system components.
The rated power of the inverter should be equal to or larger than the peak load but since the
load will supply both from the renewable and non-renewable, even below the peak would be
installed. For purposed micro-grid the peak load is 37.26 kW therefore selecting converter of
25% more power converter for stable working of grid, so selecting 50kW converter.
1.3 Diesel generator
Diesel generators do not allow running at less than the minimum load ratio of 30%. Generator
size is among the input sizes to consider working with thermal power grid and solar PV to meet
the load requirement in the case of n grid input and no sunshine times. Power rating is 22kW of
selected diesel generator.
1.4 Battery
A battery from HOMER library is to be selected in order to reduce the fluctuation of load.
Conclusion
In almost all the options the initial capital is more and operating is little more than but this
micro-grid is environment and the load on the fossil fuel will decrease and co2 emission will also
reduce enormously, so In future prospective micro-grid is an emerging option.
HOMER software executes the optimization process in order to determine the best solution in
terms of component size and Total Net present cost of hybrid renewable energy system based
on several combinations of equipment. Hence, multiple possible combinations of equipment
could be obtained for the hybrid renewable energy system due to different size of PV array
system, number of wind turbines, size of generator, number of batteries and size of dc-ac
converters.