The document outlines the history and structure of governance in Australia, highlighting the establishment of various colonies and the evolution towards a federative constitutional monarchy. It discusses the decentralization of federal power in the late 20th century and examines local government issues, such as the South Australian government's planning decisions impacting autonomy. Two case studies illustrate conflicts between state decisions and local councils regarding development projects, signaling potential future challenges for local governance.

1. Australia Governance

2. Governance History of Australia government System of Australia government Local Government issues Future issues

3. Government History Aboriginal about 200 years ago 26 January New South Wales established Tasmania became a separate colony, after 7 year Western Australia named Queensland in 1859 On 1 January 1901 commonwealth of Australia was born as a dominion of the British Empire. Colony of Victoria found Separate colonies were created from parts of New South Wales: South Australia The Australian Capital Territory was formed from New South Wales Canberra

4. Government System Federal government State government Local government 60 to 70 of the 20 century, the federal government centralized the power. 28 departments Result in -corruption -low efficiency -despotism -unbalance 1987, Hawke government decentralized part of the federal government’s power 18 departments Result in -high efficiency -reinforce the manage -stable -surveillance The Commonwealth of Australia is a Federative constitutional monarchy under a parliamentary democracy There are many times of the reformation within these different level governments. The major issue is how to compartmentalize the responsibility and solve the conflicts .

5. South Australia Local Governments 68 councils operate in South Australia. Councils largely operate autonomously within the framework of the legislation and are primarily accountability to their local communities. They are generally not subject to Ministerial direction by either State or Federal Governments . Sometimes, such as in the area of planning and development, Councils work jointly with the State Government, and their decisions may be subject to advice and direction from State Government .

6. Case Study 1 The Local Government Association (LGA) says it is concerned about the South Australian Government's move to keep Adelaide City Council out of planning decisions involving any development worth more than $10 million. The Council's recent rejection of a $180 million building development in Franklin Street is believed to be one reason for the Government's decision. But Wendy Campana from the LGA says the Government has given no assurance that councils beyond the city will continue being consulted on planning. "That's the system we've always worked with and has worked well in the past, and Adelaide City Council's reputation has been good," she said. "I mean there seems to be one recent case that has caused the concerns of the Government and they've had a knee-jerk reaction to it." Infrastructure Minister Pat Conlon says development projects must not be affected by local politics. "The truth is that Adelaide City Council will always have more major projects, more big developments, more developments of interest to all South Australians than other councils." Mr Conlon says changes introduced two years ago to make the planning process more independent have not worked. Adelaide City Council has condemned the South Australian Government's decision to put an independent assessment body in charge of all city projects worth more than $10 million. "what we try to do with our development Act is to strike a balance between making our city a modern city, allowing new development to occur but also preserving what's good about our city in terms of the history, we need a balance," SA Development Minister Paul Holloway said. NEWS from ABC Adelaide, July 15 2008

7. Case Study 2 The paper factory in Tasmania Burnie in 1985 Fact: The state government of Tasmania want to build a paper factory in the third biggest industry town in Tasmania: Burnie. But the Burnie local council say “No”. Because the pollution for making paper is very bad. But the decision from state already made. The local government have to obey the decision. The issues Adelaide may facing in the future

8. Future The local government is start losing power now!

9. Reference Susan, Ryan, and Bramston troy. The Hawke Government: A Critical Retrospective . sydney: Pluto press Australia, 2003. http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/07/15/2303658.htm http://www.onlineopinion.com.au/view.asp?article=7123 http://www.lga.sa.gov.au/site/page.cfm?u=220