Biochemistry introduction
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This document provides an introduction to biochemistry from Dr. Armaan Singh. It begins by emphasizing the importance of attending class, participating in clicker questions for extra credit, and seeing the professor during office hours. The document then defines biochemistry as the chemistry of life and explains how it impacts fields like medicine, agriculture, and industry. It proceeds to outline major areas of biochemistry like macromolecules, metabolism, genetics, and protein synthesis. The document concludes by discussing the cellular organization of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
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Biochemistry introduction
- 2. BEFORE BCH 400 After BCH 400 BCH 400 is heavy on content!!!
- 4. TRY NOT TO FALL BEHIND!!
- 7. PARTICIPATE IN THE CLICKER SYSTEM!!! 20 extra credit points!!
- 8. Feel Free to see me! My office hours are Tuedays from 2:00 to 3:00 PM Or e-mail me for a private audience
- 9. WHAT IS BIOCHEMISTRY? Biochemistry = chemistry of life. Biochemists use physical and chemical principles to explain biology at the molecular level. Basic principles of biochemistry are common to all living organism
- 10. HOW DOES BIOCHEMISTRY IMPACT YOU? Medicine Agriculture Industrial applications Environmental applications
- 11. PRINCIPLE AREAS OF BIOCHEMISTRY Structure and function of biological macromolecules Metabolism – anabolic and catabolic processes. Molecular Genetics – How life is replicated. Regulation of protein synthesis
- 13. ONCE UPON A TIME, A LONG LONG TIME AGO….. Vitalism: idea that substances and processes associated with living organisms did not behave according to the known laws of physics and chemistry Evidence: 1) Only living things have a high degree of complexity 2) Only living things extract, transform and utilize energy from their environment 3) Only living things are capable of self assembly and self replication
- 14. ORIGINS OF BIOCHEMISTRY: A CHALLENGE TO “VITALISM.” Famous Dead Biochemist!
- 15. Fallacy #1: Biochemicals can only be produced by living organisms •1828 Friedrich Wohler •Dead Biochemist #1
- 16. FALLACY #2: COMPLEX BIOCONVERSION OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES REQUIRE LIVING MATTER •1897 Eduard Buchner Dead Biochemists #2 Glucose + Dead Yeast = Alcohol
- 17. FALLACY #2: COMPLEX BIOCONVERSION OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES REQUIRE LIVING MATTER Emil Fischer Dead Biochemists #3
- 18. Fallacy #2: Complex bioconversion of chemical substances require living matter Dead Biochemists #4 1926 J.B. Sumner
- 19. Findings of other famous dead biochemist • 1944 Avery, MacLeod and McCarty identified DNA as information molecules • 1953 Watson (still alive) and Crick proposed the structure of DNA • 1958 Crick proposed the central dogma of biology
- 20. ORGANIZATION OF LIFE elements simple organic compounds (monomers) macromolecules (polymers) supramolecular structures organelles cells tissues organisms
- 21. RANGE OF THE SIZES OF OBJECTS STUDIES BY BIOCHEMIST AND BIOLOGIST 1 angstrom = 0.1 nm
- 22. Most abundant, essential for all organisms: C, N, O, P, S, H Less abundant, essential for all organisms : Na, Mg, K, Ca, Cl Trace levels, essential for all organism: Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn Trace levels, essential for some organisms: V, Cr, Mo, B, Al, Ga, Sn, Si, As, Se, I, ELEMENTS OF LIFE
- 24. MANY IMPORTANT BIOMOLECULES ARE POLYMERS p r o t e i n c o m p le x p r o t e in s u b u n it a m i n o a c id m e m b r a n e p h o s p h o lip id f a t t y a c id c e ll w a ll c e llu lo se g lu co se c h r o m o s o m e D N A n u c le o tid emonomer polymer supramolecular structure lipids proteins carbo nucleic acids
- 25. LIPIDS m e m b r a n e p h o s p h o lip id f a t t y a c idmonomer polymer supramolecular structure
- 26. PROTEINS monomer polymer supramolecular structure Enzyme complex protein subunit amino acid
- 27. CARBOHYDRATES c e ll w a ll c e llu lo se g lu co semonomer polymer supramolecular structure
- 28. c h r o m a t in D N A n u c le o ti d emonomer polymer supramolecular structure NUCLEIC ACIDS
- 29. Common theme: Monomers form polymers through condensations Polymers are broken down through hydrolysis.
- 31. PROKARYOTE CELL
- 32. CELLULAR ORGANIZATION OF AN E. COLI CELL 200 – 300 mg protein / mL cytoplasm
- 33. EUKARYOTE CELL
Editor's Notes
- Nuclear envelope and endoplasmic reticulum of a eukaryotic cell.
- Golgi apparatus. Often associated with the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus is responsible for the modification and sorting of some biomolecules. The proteins inserted into the lumen of the ER are transported to the Golgi apparatus for sorting and secretion. Vesicles carry modified material to destinations inside and outside the cell.
- Mitochondrion. Mitochondria are the main sites of energy transduction in aerobic eukaryotic cells. Carbohydrates, fatty acids, and amino acids are metabolized in this organelle.
- Chloroplast. Chloroplasts are the sites of photosynthesis in plants and algae. Light energy is captured by pigments associated with the thylakoid membrane and used to convert carbon dioxide and water to carbohydrates.