This document provides an overview of key concepts from the Biology 212 course on Biochemistry, The Cell, and Genetics. It discusses the five unifying themes of biology, which are that all living things share heritable genetic information, organization and emergent properties, interactions with the environment, use of energy and matter, and evolution. Examples are given to illustrate these themes at different levels of biological organization from molecules to ecosystems. Key topics covered include cells, DNA, heredity, organization, biochemistry, and natural selection.
The document outlines the core unifying themes of biology, including evolution, heredity, diversity and unity of life, structure and function, cells, emergence, interdependence, regulation, energy transfer, and the nature of science. It describes how evolution accounts for the unity and diversity of life through natural selection and adaptation. It also discusses how genetic information is passed down through DNA and how organisms are classified based on their evolutionary relationships.
Bio chapter 1 biochemistry, the cell, & geneticsAngel Vega
Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry

KEY CONCEPTS
1.1 The study of life reveals common themes
1.2 The Core Theme: Evolution accounts for the unity and
diversity of life
1.3 In studying nature, scientists make observations and form and test hypotheses
1.4 Science benefits from a cooperative approach and
diverse viewpoints
This document contains a summary of the key unifying themes of biology according to a class on the subject taught by Dr. Eneida Díaz. It lists 8 unifying themes: 1) New properties emerge at each level of the biology hierarchy, 2) Organisms interact with each other and their environment, 3) Life requires energy transfer and transformation, 4) Structure and function are correlated at all levels of biological organization, 5) The cell is the basic unit of structure and function of organisms, 6) Continuity of life is based on heritable information in DNA, 7) Feedback mechanisms regulate biological systems, and 8) Evolution accounts for the unity and diversity of life. For each theme,
Those things that you have learned in elementary, you will learn it in this lesson, but it is extended. In this lesson, you will something new, which is Unifying themes. It contains a lot of important things as new and old.
This document is a biology paper from the University of Puerto Rico discussing the unifying themes of biology. It outlines 7 themes - reproduction, response to the environment, energy processing, order, growth and development, regulation, and evolutionary adaptation - and their relation to the key properties of life. Each theme is explained in 1-2 sentences focusing on how organisms interact with each other and their environment.
The document summarizes key themes in biology according to Campbell Biology. It discusses 7 major themes: 1) New properties emerge at different levels of biological organization. 2) Organisms interact with their environment. 3) Life requires energy transfer and transformation. 4) Structure and function are correlated. 5) The cell is the basic unit of life. 6) Heritable information is contained in DNA. 7) Feedback mechanisms regulate biological systems. Each theme is explained and illustrated with examples.
Biology can be unified through several themes. All levels of life from cells to ecosystems are systems of interacting parts. Structure and function are also related, as different structures suit different functions. Finally, organisms maintain homeostasis and evolve over time, explaining both unity and diversity in life.
This document discusses several unifying themes in biology including: biological systems, cells as the basic unit of life, structure and function, reproduction and inheritance, interaction with the environment, energy and life, regulation, adaptation, evolution, and the relationship between biology and society. It provides examples for each theme, such as describing cells, organs, and whole organisms as systems of interacting parts and explaining how adaptation leads to evolution through natural selection over time.
The document outlines the core unifying themes of biology, including evolution, heredity, diversity and unity of life, structure and function, cells, emergence, interdependence, regulation, energy transfer, and the nature of science. It describes how evolution accounts for the unity and diversity of life through natural selection and adaptation. It also discusses how genetic information is passed down through DNA and how organisms are classified based on their evolutionary relationships.
Bio chapter 1 biochemistry, the cell, & geneticsAngel Vega
Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry

KEY CONCEPTS
1.1 The study of life reveals common themes
1.2 The Core Theme: Evolution accounts for the unity and
diversity of life
1.3 In studying nature, scientists make observations and form and test hypotheses
1.4 Science benefits from a cooperative approach and
diverse viewpoints
This document contains a summary of the key unifying themes of biology according to a class on the subject taught by Dr. Eneida Díaz. It lists 8 unifying themes: 1) New properties emerge at each level of the biology hierarchy, 2) Organisms interact with each other and their environment, 3) Life requires energy transfer and transformation, 4) Structure and function are correlated at all levels of biological organization, 5) The cell is the basic unit of structure and function of organisms, 6) Continuity of life is based on heritable information in DNA, 7) Feedback mechanisms regulate biological systems, and 8) Evolution accounts for the unity and diversity of life. For each theme,
Those things that you have learned in elementary, you will learn it in this lesson, but it is extended. In this lesson, you will something new, which is Unifying themes. It contains a lot of important things as new and old.
This document is a biology paper from the University of Puerto Rico discussing the unifying themes of biology. It outlines 7 themes - reproduction, response to the environment, energy processing, order, growth and development, regulation, and evolutionary adaptation - and their relation to the key properties of life. Each theme is explained in 1-2 sentences focusing on how organisms interact with each other and their environment.
The document summarizes key themes in biology according to Campbell Biology. It discusses 7 major themes: 1) New properties emerge at different levels of biological organization. 2) Organisms interact with their environment. 3) Life requires energy transfer and transformation. 4) Structure and function are correlated. 5) The cell is the basic unit of life. 6) Heritable information is contained in DNA. 7) Feedback mechanisms regulate biological systems. Each theme is explained and illustrated with examples.
Biology can be unified through several themes. All levels of life from cells to ecosystems are systems of interacting parts. Structure and function are also related, as different structures suit different functions. Finally, organisms maintain homeostasis and evolve over time, explaining both unity and diversity in life.
This document discusses several unifying themes in biology including: biological systems, cells as the basic unit of life, structure and function, reproduction and inheritance, interaction with the environment, energy and life, regulation, adaptation, evolution, and the relationship between biology and society. It provides examples for each theme, such as describing cells, organs, and whole organisms as systems of interacting parts and explaining how adaptation leads to evolution through natural selection over time.
There are several theories about how life originated on Earth. One of the most widely accepted is the primordial soup theory, which proposes that life began in a "soup" of organic molecules. Scientists like Stanley Miller and Harold Urey conducted experiments to test this theory by simulating early Earth conditions and forming amino acids, the building blocks of life. Other experiments explored how self-replicating molecules like RNA could form protocells, the simplest early life forms. These experiments helped connect abiotic chemistry to the emergence of the first living organisms and showed how the basic requirements for life could arise naturally under plausible early Earth conditions.
The document summarizes key biological concepts through examples. It discusses how jellyfish in Palau lost their stinging ability due to lack of predators, demonstrating emergent properties. It also explains how honey bees and humans depend on each other through pollination and food. Finally, it provides the example of sweating as a negative feedback mechanism to regulate body temperature.
ZOO1-Introduction:Themes in the study of Life LeizlAnnaMaria
1. The document introduces key themes in the study of life, including evolution as biology's core theme. It explores characteristics of life and levels of biological organization.
2. Organisms interact with their environment, exchanging matter and energy in ecosystems through nutrient cycling and one-way energy flow. Structure and function are correlated across levels of organization.
3. Cells are the basic units of structure and function, with prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell types. Heritable information is contained in DNA which provides the continuity of life.
4. Feedback mechanisms regulate biological systems at all levels through negative feedback which slows processes, and positive feedback which speeds them up. Evolution occurs through natural selection,
Life science is the study of living things or biology. It has many branches including molecular biology, genetics, physiology, and ecology. The big ideas in life science are that organisms are diverse yet share characteristics, groups change over time, structure and function are linked, and organisms follow natural physical principles.
• THEMES OF LIFE:
o BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS
o THE CELLULAR BASIS OF LIFE
o STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
o REPRODUCTION AND INHERITANCE
o ENVIRONMENTAL INTERACTIONS
o ENERGY AND LIFE
o REGULATION
o EVOLUTION AND DIVERSITY
o SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY
o SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY
The document provides information on key biology concepts across multiple levels of organization:
- Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things, and come in two main types - prokaryotic and eukaryotic.
- Organisms are made of tissues, organs and organ systems that work together to carry out essential functions.
- Populations of the same species interact with other populations and communities of organisms within an ecosystem, all of which make up the biosphere.
This document provides an overview of key themes in biology, including:
1) Biology can be studied at different levels from molecules to ecosystems, and new properties emerge at each level.
2) Organisms interact with their environments, exchanging matter and energy.
3) Evolution accounts for the unity and diversity of life through common descent and natural selection.
The document provides information about cells and their organization. It begins by asking the reader to draw a graphic showing the relationship between organ, cell, tissue, organism, and organ system without notes. It then provides additional terms - organelle, atom, molecule - to add to the graphic. The document explains that an organelle is a structure within a cell, an atom is the smallest particle of an element, and a molecule is a collection of atoms held together by bonds. It then asks the reader to confirm if this matches their graphic. The document then provides more details about cells, cell theory, the two types of cells - prokaryotes and eukaryotes - and examples of organelles and their functions.
All living things share characteristics including being made of cells, reproducing, metabolizing or obtaining and using energy, maintaining homeostasis, passing on hereditary traits, responding to their environment, growing, developing, and adapting through evolution. The document outlines these key characteristics of life and provides examples to illustrate each one.
This document provides an introduction to life science concepts, including:
1. Defining life and its seven key characteristics like response to stimuli, metabolism, and reproduction.
2. Exploring theories on the origin of life from spontaneous generation to the Miller-Urey experiment.
3. Describing nine unifying themes in the study of life from biological systems and cellular organization to evolution and scientific inquiry.
This document discusses the 10 levels of biological organization from the largest to smallest scale: biosphere, ecosystems, communities, populations, organisms, organ systems, tissues, cells, organelles, and molecules/atoms. An example for each level is given using an oak tree in a deciduous forest ecosystem in western Michigan. The document also lists relevant Michigan grade level content expectations around understanding biological organization and interdependence within ecosystems.
This document provides an overview of biology as the study of life. It discusses that biology examines life at multiple levels, from cells to ecosystems. Some key points covered include:
- Biology examines characteristics of living things like growth, response to stimuli, reproduction, metabolism, and evolution.
- Major fields include zoology, botany, anatomy, physiology, ecology, and genetics.
- Central themes revolve around the cellular basis of life, heredity, matter and energy, growth and development, homeostasis, and evolution.
- Biology aims to understand the unity and diversity of life on Earth through scientific inquiry.
The document discusses key aspects of studying life through biology. It outlines several characteristics shared by all living things, such as being made of cells, growing and developing, responding to stimuli, reproducing, maintaining homeostasis, obtaining and using energy, evolving over time, and consisting of a universal genetic code. It also examines major fields and concepts in biology like ecology, biotechnology, and molecular and genomic studies. The metric system and safety procedures are highlighted as important aspects of performing biological investigations and experiments.
Biology is the scientific study of life. The biosphere includes all living things and environments on Earth. It contains incredible biodiversity that generally increases closer to the equator. A species is a group of organisms that can reproduce, and there are over 2 million identified species. All organisms share characteristics like being made of cells and needing energy. Unifying themes in biology show how different levels of life are connected through systems and how structure and function are related. Organisms must maintain homeostasis to survive. Evolution accounts for both the diversity and unity among living things over time through natural selection. Science involves making observations, forming hypotheses, and testing ideas through experiments to gather evidence and understand phenomena.
EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE Unifying Themes Of LifeJadeGamb
The document provides an overview of key topics in biology including:
1. The three major fields of biology are botany, zoology, and microbiology.
2. DNA and RNA are the basis of inheritance, with DNA containing genes and RNA helping to build proteins from DNA instructions.
3. Organisms are divided into prokaryotes and eukaryotes, with prokaryotes being unicellular and lacking membrane-bound organelles while eukaryotes can be unicellular or multicellular and have membrane-bound organelles.
4. The three domains of life are bacteria, archaea, and eukarya. Bacteria and archaea are prokaryotic
1. The document discusses the key themes of biological organization, from molecules to cells to organisms and ecosystems. It explains that biological systems exhibit hierarchical organization, with emergent properties at each new level. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things. DNA encodes the instructions that direct cellular functions and enable inheritance.
2. Structure and function are correlated across all levels of biological organization. Organisms exist as open systems that interact continuously with their environments. Regulatory mechanisms like feedback loops help maintain stability in living systems. Diversity and unity are both evident across the tree of life.
3. Evolution by natural selection is the core theme of biology, as it explains the unity and diversity of life on Earth through
1. Biology is organized into hierarchical levels from molecules to ecosystems. Novel properties emerge at each level through interactions between components.
2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things. DNA contains the genetic instructions that are passed from parents to offspring and ensure the continuity of life.
3. Structure and function are correlated at all levels of biological organization, from molecules to ecosystems. Organisms exist as open systems that interact continuously with their environments.
The document provides an overview of key concepts in biology by summarizing 7 points:
1) New properties emerge at higher levels of biological organization from molecules to ecosystems.
2) Organisms interact with their physical environment and other organisms in complex relationships.
3) Life requires the transfer and transformation of energy to carry out functions.
4) Structure and function are closely related at all levels from cells to organisms.
5) The cell is the basic unit of structure and function in organisms.
6) The continuity of life is based on heritable DNA containing genetic information.
7) Feedback mechanisms allow biological processes to self-regulate themselves.
Po l2e ch01 lecture principles of life edited sphsJames Franks
The document provides an overview of AP Biology, including information about the AP Biology exam. It discusses the four big ideas of biology: evolution, energy and molecular building blocks, information storage and transmission, and complex interactions between biological systems. It also describes the seven science practices used in biology. The remainder of the document outlines Chapter 1, which discusses the common aspects of structure, function and energy flow in living organisms. It explains that all life on Earth descended from a single-celled common ancestor and shares characteristics like DNA, cells, metabolism and replication. The evolution of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells as well as multicellular organisms is summarized.
This document provides an overview of a course on cytology and cell physiology. It discusses the basic structure and functions of cells, including the evolution of the cell theory and differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Theories on the origin of life and cells are presented, including the serial endosymbiosis theory. Characteristics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are described. The document concludes with assessments for the course.
The document provides a review of key biology concepts across several topics:
1) It begins with an outline of topics including cell biology, genetics, evolution, microscopy, and ecology.
2) It then presents vocabulary terms and their definitions related to these topics, such as organic compounds, ATP, osmosis, and active transport.
3) The document concludes by listing additional review concepts and questions to test understanding of the material.
There are several theories about how life originated on Earth. One of the most widely accepted is the primordial soup theory, which proposes that life began in a "soup" of organic molecules. Scientists like Stanley Miller and Harold Urey conducted experiments to test this theory by simulating early Earth conditions and forming amino acids, the building blocks of life. Other experiments explored how self-replicating molecules like RNA could form protocells, the simplest early life forms. These experiments helped connect abiotic chemistry to the emergence of the first living organisms and showed how the basic requirements for life could arise naturally under plausible early Earth conditions.
The document summarizes key biological concepts through examples. It discusses how jellyfish in Palau lost their stinging ability due to lack of predators, demonstrating emergent properties. It also explains how honey bees and humans depend on each other through pollination and food. Finally, it provides the example of sweating as a negative feedback mechanism to regulate body temperature.
ZOO1-Introduction:Themes in the study of Life LeizlAnnaMaria
1. The document introduces key themes in the study of life, including evolution as biology's core theme. It explores characteristics of life and levels of biological organization.
2. Organisms interact with their environment, exchanging matter and energy in ecosystems through nutrient cycling and one-way energy flow. Structure and function are correlated across levels of organization.
3. Cells are the basic units of structure and function, with prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell types. Heritable information is contained in DNA which provides the continuity of life.
4. Feedback mechanisms regulate biological systems at all levels through negative feedback which slows processes, and positive feedback which speeds them up. Evolution occurs through natural selection,
Life science is the study of living things or biology. It has many branches including molecular biology, genetics, physiology, and ecology. The big ideas in life science are that organisms are diverse yet share characteristics, groups change over time, structure and function are linked, and organisms follow natural physical principles.
• THEMES OF LIFE:
o BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS
o THE CELLULAR BASIS OF LIFE
o STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
o REPRODUCTION AND INHERITANCE
o ENVIRONMENTAL INTERACTIONS
o ENERGY AND LIFE
o REGULATION
o EVOLUTION AND DIVERSITY
o SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY
o SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY
The document provides information on key biology concepts across multiple levels of organization:
- Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things, and come in two main types - prokaryotic and eukaryotic.
- Organisms are made of tissues, organs and organ systems that work together to carry out essential functions.
- Populations of the same species interact with other populations and communities of organisms within an ecosystem, all of which make up the biosphere.
This document provides an overview of key themes in biology, including:
1) Biology can be studied at different levels from molecules to ecosystems, and new properties emerge at each level.
2) Organisms interact with their environments, exchanging matter and energy.
3) Evolution accounts for the unity and diversity of life through common descent and natural selection.
The document provides information about cells and their organization. It begins by asking the reader to draw a graphic showing the relationship between organ, cell, tissue, organism, and organ system without notes. It then provides additional terms - organelle, atom, molecule - to add to the graphic. The document explains that an organelle is a structure within a cell, an atom is the smallest particle of an element, and a molecule is a collection of atoms held together by bonds. It then asks the reader to confirm if this matches their graphic. The document then provides more details about cells, cell theory, the two types of cells - prokaryotes and eukaryotes - and examples of organelles and their functions.
All living things share characteristics including being made of cells, reproducing, metabolizing or obtaining and using energy, maintaining homeostasis, passing on hereditary traits, responding to their environment, growing, developing, and adapting through evolution. The document outlines these key characteristics of life and provides examples to illustrate each one.
This document provides an introduction to life science concepts, including:
1. Defining life and its seven key characteristics like response to stimuli, metabolism, and reproduction.
2. Exploring theories on the origin of life from spontaneous generation to the Miller-Urey experiment.
3. Describing nine unifying themes in the study of life from biological systems and cellular organization to evolution and scientific inquiry.
This document discusses the 10 levels of biological organization from the largest to smallest scale: biosphere, ecosystems, communities, populations, organisms, organ systems, tissues, cells, organelles, and molecules/atoms. An example for each level is given using an oak tree in a deciduous forest ecosystem in western Michigan. The document also lists relevant Michigan grade level content expectations around understanding biological organization and interdependence within ecosystems.
This document provides an overview of biology as the study of life. It discusses that biology examines life at multiple levels, from cells to ecosystems. Some key points covered include:
- Biology examines characteristics of living things like growth, response to stimuli, reproduction, metabolism, and evolution.
- Major fields include zoology, botany, anatomy, physiology, ecology, and genetics.
- Central themes revolve around the cellular basis of life, heredity, matter and energy, growth and development, homeostasis, and evolution.
- Biology aims to understand the unity and diversity of life on Earth through scientific inquiry.
The document discusses key aspects of studying life through biology. It outlines several characteristics shared by all living things, such as being made of cells, growing and developing, responding to stimuli, reproducing, maintaining homeostasis, obtaining and using energy, evolving over time, and consisting of a universal genetic code. It also examines major fields and concepts in biology like ecology, biotechnology, and molecular and genomic studies. The metric system and safety procedures are highlighted as important aspects of performing biological investigations and experiments.
Biology is the scientific study of life. The biosphere includes all living things and environments on Earth. It contains incredible biodiversity that generally increases closer to the equator. A species is a group of organisms that can reproduce, and there are over 2 million identified species. All organisms share characteristics like being made of cells and needing energy. Unifying themes in biology show how different levels of life are connected through systems and how structure and function are related. Organisms must maintain homeostasis to survive. Evolution accounts for both the diversity and unity among living things over time through natural selection. Science involves making observations, forming hypotheses, and testing ideas through experiments to gather evidence and understand phenomena.
EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE Unifying Themes Of LifeJadeGamb
The document provides an overview of key topics in biology including:
1. The three major fields of biology are botany, zoology, and microbiology.
2. DNA and RNA are the basis of inheritance, with DNA containing genes and RNA helping to build proteins from DNA instructions.
3. Organisms are divided into prokaryotes and eukaryotes, with prokaryotes being unicellular and lacking membrane-bound organelles while eukaryotes can be unicellular or multicellular and have membrane-bound organelles.
4. The three domains of life are bacteria, archaea, and eukarya. Bacteria and archaea are prokaryotic
1. The document discusses the key themes of biological organization, from molecules to cells to organisms and ecosystems. It explains that biological systems exhibit hierarchical organization, with emergent properties at each new level. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things. DNA encodes the instructions that direct cellular functions and enable inheritance.
2. Structure and function are correlated across all levels of biological organization. Organisms exist as open systems that interact continuously with their environments. Regulatory mechanisms like feedback loops help maintain stability in living systems. Diversity and unity are both evident across the tree of life.
3. Evolution by natural selection is the core theme of biology, as it explains the unity and diversity of life on Earth through
1. Biology is organized into hierarchical levels from molecules to ecosystems. Novel properties emerge at each level through interactions between components.
2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things. DNA contains the genetic instructions that are passed from parents to offspring and ensure the continuity of life.
3. Structure and function are correlated at all levels of biological organization, from molecules to ecosystems. Organisms exist as open systems that interact continuously with their environments.
The document provides an overview of key concepts in biology by summarizing 7 points:
1) New properties emerge at higher levels of biological organization from molecules to ecosystems.
2) Organisms interact with their physical environment and other organisms in complex relationships.
3) Life requires the transfer and transformation of energy to carry out functions.
4) Structure and function are closely related at all levels from cells to organisms.
5) The cell is the basic unit of structure and function in organisms.
6) The continuity of life is based on heritable DNA containing genetic information.
7) Feedback mechanisms allow biological processes to self-regulate themselves.
Po l2e ch01 lecture principles of life edited sphsJames Franks
The document provides an overview of AP Biology, including information about the AP Biology exam. It discusses the four big ideas of biology: evolution, energy and molecular building blocks, information storage and transmission, and complex interactions between biological systems. It also describes the seven science practices used in biology. The remainder of the document outlines Chapter 1, which discusses the common aspects of structure, function and energy flow in living organisms. It explains that all life on Earth descended from a single-celled common ancestor and shares characteristics like DNA, cells, metabolism and replication. The evolution of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells as well as multicellular organisms is summarized.
This document provides an overview of a course on cytology and cell physiology. It discusses the basic structure and functions of cells, including the evolution of the cell theory and differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Theories on the origin of life and cells are presented, including the serial endosymbiosis theory. Characteristics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are described. The document concludes with assessments for the course.
The document provides a review of key biology concepts across several topics:
1) It begins with an outline of topics including cell biology, genetics, evolution, microscopy, and ecology.
2) It then presents vocabulary terms and their definitions related to these topics, such as organic compounds, ATP, osmosis, and active transport.
3) The document concludes by listing additional review concepts and questions to test understanding of the material.
Here are the key steps to creating a successful terrarium:
1. Choose an appropriate container. Glass jars or tanks work well. The container should have a cover or lid.
2. Add a drainage layer. Use small gravel or aquarium rocks to allow excess water to drain.
3. Add the soil layer. Potting soil or a soil-less potting mix works best. Pack it down firmly.
4. Add plants suitable for low-light conditions. Moss, ferns, and small flowering plants often thrive.
5. Create variation in height and fullness. Mix tall plants in back with short plants in front.
6. Maintain the proper environment. Keep the soil
The document provides an overview of an introductory biology course, including course requirements, key concepts, and the scientific study of life. It defines the characteristics of living things, explores the levels of biological organization and diversity of life forms. Additionally, it outlines the cell theory, gene theory, theory of heredity, and theory of evolution - the four major unifying themes in the study of biology. Students are asked to submit a journal entry responding to topics from the first unit on introduction to biology.
EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE UNIFYING THEME OF LIFEFranciaFeDolor
The document outlines 10 unifying themes in biology:
1. Biological systems have organization across multiple scales from populations to ecosystems.
2. New properties emerge at each level of the biological hierarchy from atoms to biosphere.
3. Structure and function are directly related from cells to organisms, with structures determining functions.
4. Reproduction and inheritance involve sexual reproduction and inheritance of traits from parents via DNA.
5. Life requires energy transfer and transformation from the sun into usable forms.
6. Organisms interact continuously with their environment and other organisms through processes like photosynthesis.
7. Organisms maintain homeostasis to survive in diverse environments through feedback mechanisms.
8. Evolution and
1. The document discusses molecular cell biology, including fundamental cell theory, taxonomy, sources of genetic variability, and model organisms.
2. It describes the key features of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, such as plasma membranes, DNA, organelles, and differences in size and complexity.
3. Sources of genetic variability within and between species are explored, including meiosis, crossing over, transposable elements, gene duplication, and horizontal gene transfer.
1. The document discusses 10 themes in studying life, including that each level of biological organization has emergent properties and cells are the basic units of structure and function of organisms.
2. It also covers that the continuity of life is based on heritable DNA and that structure and function are correlated at all levels of biological organization.
3. Additionally, it mentions that organisms are open systems that interact continuously with their environments.
The document summarizes key properties and structures of cells. It discusses that all living things are made of cells, which are the basic unit of life. It describes the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and some of the major organelles in plant and animal cells like the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, cell membrane, cytoskeleton etc. It explains their functions and importance for cellular processes.
The document summarizes 11 themes that unify biology:
1. Hierarchy - Biological systems are organized from the molecular to the biosphere level.
2. Homeostasis - Feedback loops allow living organisms to regulate internal conditions.
3. Metabolism - All living things process energy and molecules to grow and reproduce.
4. Evolution - Life shares common descent and natural selection shapes diversity.
5. Genetics - DNA provides genetic instructions that are passed from parents to offspring.
6. Emergence - Complex systems exhibit properties not present in individual parts.
7. Regulation - Interconnected regulatory pathways allow organisms to respond to changes.
8. Compartmentalization - Membranes and organ
1. Biology is the science that studies life and living organisms. It examines the cell, the basic unit of life, as well as levels of organization above the cell including tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms, populations, communities, and ecosystems.
2. All living things share two main characteristics - they require energy and contain DNA. Energy is required for functions like growth, development, reproduction, and homeostasis. DNA contains instructions that pass from parents to offspring and allow for inheritance, development, and growth.
3. The main levels of biological organization are the cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, and ecosystem. Ecosystems are controlled by energy flow and nutrient cycling between organisms
1. According to the cell theory, all living things are composed of cells or cell products, cells are the smallest unit of life, and new cells are produced from existing cells. However, some exceptions exist, such as muscle cells having multiple nuclei and giant algae and fungal hyphae challenging the definition of a cell.
2. In single-celled organisms, one cell carries out all life functions including metabolism, response, homeostasis, growth, reproduction, excretion, and nutrition. These functions are evident in paramecium through contracting vacuoles, cilia movement, consuming food vacuoles, and dividing nuclei.
3. As cell size increases, the surface area to volume ratio decreases, limiting
1. The document provides an overview of cell biology, defining key terms and outlining the history and development of cell theory.
2. It describes the origins of cell theory from early microscope observations by Hooke and the later formulation of cell theory by Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow.
3. The document concludes with descriptions of different levels of cellular organization, types of cells (prokaryotic and eukaryotic), and differences between plant and animal cells.
The document provides an overview of key concepts in ecology and living environment including:
1) Ecology is the study of interactions between organisms and their environment, which can be studied at different levels from organisms to ecosystems.
2) Abiotic and biotic factors influence the distribution of organisms and determine an ecosystem's carrying capacity.
3) Photosynthesis uses light energy to produce sugars from carbon dioxide and water, while cellular respiration releases energy from sugars to produce ATP.
The document discusses biology and the levels of organization of living things. It explains that biology is the study of living organisms and how they interact with their environment. It describes the hierarchical levels of organization from the biosphere level down to molecules. Key levels include ecosystems, organisms, cells, organelles and molecules. The document also discusses the unity of life based on DNA and how cells are the basic functional units of organisms. It provides examples to illustrate biological concepts like producers and consumers in ecosystems.
The document discusses cells and cell theory. It begins by outlining cell theory - that all living things are made of cells, cells come from pre-existing cells, and cells are the basic units of life. It then compares prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, noting that eukaryotic cells are more complex with membrane-bound organelles like the nucleus. The document lists and describes several organelles found in eukaryotic cells and their functions, such as the mitochondria that produces energy and the Golgi apparatus that packages proteins. It concludes by contrasting plant and animal cells, noting that plant cells have cell walls and plastids while animal cells do not.
This document provides a review of key concepts from chemistry of life, cell biology, genetics, and evolution. It defines organic compounds and the six elements that make up living things. It describes the four major categories of organic molecules and their structures and functions. It also reviews cell structures, organelles, and the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Genetic concepts like DNA, genes, mutations, and Mendelian genetics are summarized. Finally, it defines evolution by natural selection and provides evidence to support the theory of evolution.
Similar to Biochapter1 biochemistrythecellgenetics-151125135547-lva1-app6892 (20)
This document discusses suffixes and terminology used in medicine. It begins by listing common combining forms used to build medical terms and their meanings. It then defines several noun, adjective, and shorter suffixes and provides their meanings. Examples are given of medical terms built using combining forms and suffixes. The document also examines specific medical concepts in more depth, such as hernias, blood cells, acromegaly, splenomegaly, and laparoscopy.
The document is a chapter from a medical textbook that discusses anatomical terminology pertaining to the body as a whole. It defines the structural organization of the body from cells to tissues to organs to systems. It also describes the body cavities and identifies the major organs contained within each cavity, as well as anatomical divisions of the abdomen and back.
This document is from a textbook on medical terminology. It discusses the basic structure of medical words and how they are built from prefixes, suffixes, and combining forms. Some key points:
- Medical terms are made up of elements including roots, suffixes, prefixes, and combining vowels. Understanding these elements is important for analyzing terms.
- Common prefixes include hypo-, epi-, and cis-. Common suffixes include -itis, -algia, and -ectomy.
- Dozens of combining forms are provided, such as gastro- meaning stomach, cardi- meaning heart, and aden- meaning gland.
- Rules are provided for analyzing terms, such as reading from the suffix backward and dropping combining vowels before suffixes starting with vowels
This document is the copyright information for Chapter 25 on Cancer from the 6th edition of the textbook Molecular Cell Biology published in 2008 by W. H. Freeman and Company. The chapter was authored by a team that includes Lodish, Berk, Kaiser, Krieger, Scott, Bretscher, Ploegh, and Matsudaira.
This document is the copyright information for Chapter 24 on Immunology from the 6th edition of the textbook Molecular Cell Biology published in 2008 by W. H. Freeman and Company. The chapter was authored by Lodish, Berk, Kaiser, Krieger, Scott, Bretscher, Ploegh, and Matsudaira.
Nerve cells, also known as neurons, are highly specialized cells that process and transmit information through electrical and chemical signals. This chapter discusses the structure and function of neurons, how they communicate with each other via synapses, and how signals are propagated along neurons through changes in their membrane potentials. Neurons play a vital role in the nervous system by allowing organisms to process information and coordinate their responses.
This document is the copyright information for Chapter 22 from the 6th edition of the textbook "Molecular Cell Biology" published in 2008 by W. H. Freeman and Company. The chapter is titled "The Molecular Cell Biology of Development" and is authored by Lodish, Berk, Kaiser, Krieger, Scott, Bretscher, Ploegh, and Matsudaira.
This document is the copyright information for Chapter 21 from the sixth edition of the textbook "Molecular Cell Biology" published in 2008 by W. H. Freeman and Company. The chapter is titled "Cell Birth, Lineage, and Death" and is authored by Lodish, Berk, Kaiser, Krieger, Scott, Bretscher, Ploegh, and Matsudaira.
This document is the copyright page for Chapter 20 from the 6th edition of the textbook "Molecular Cell Biology" published in 2008 by W. H. Freeman and Company. The chapter is titled "Regulating the Eukaryotic Cell Cycle" and is authored by a group of scientists including Lodish, Berk, Kaiser, Krieger, Scott, Bretscher, Ploegh, and Matsudaira.
This document is the copyright information for Chapter 19 from the 6th edition textbook "Molecular Cell Biology" published in 2008 by W. H. Freeman and Company. The chapter is titled "Integrating Cells into Tissues" and is authored by Lodish, Berk, Kaiser, Krieger, Scott, Bretscher, Ploegh, and Matsudaira.
This chapter discusses microtubules and intermediate filaments, which are types of cytoskeletal filaments that help organize and move cellular components. Microtubules are involved in processes like cell division and intracellular transport, while intermediate filaments provide mechanical strength and help integrate the nucleus with the cytoplasm. Together, these filaments play important structural and functional roles in eukaryotic cells.
This chapter discusses microfilaments, which are one of the three main types of cytoskeletal filaments found in eukaryotic cells. Microfilaments are composed of actin filaments and play important roles in cell motility, structure, and intracellular transport. They allow cells to change shape and to move by contracting or extending parts of the cell surface.
This document is the copyright page for Chapter 16 from the 6th edition of the textbook "Molecular Cell Biology" published in 2008 by W. H. Freeman and Company. The chapter is titled "Signaling Pathways that Control Gene Activity" and is authored by a group of scientists including Lodish, Berk, Kaiser, Krieger, Scott, Bretscher, Ploegh and Matsudaira.
This document is the copyright page for Chapter 15 of the 6th edition textbook "Molecular Cell Biology" by Lodish, Berk, Kaiser, Krieger, Scott, Bretscher, Ploegh, and Matsudaira. It provides the chapter title "Cell Signaling I: Signal Transduction and Short-Term Cellular Responses" and notes the copyright is held by W. H. Freeman and Company in 2008.
This document is the copyright page for Chapter 14 from the 6th edition textbook "Molecular Cell Biology" published in 2008 by W. H. Freeman and Company. The chapter is titled "Vesicular Traffic, Secretion, and Endocytosis" and is authored by a group of scientists including Lodish, Berk, Kaiser, Krieger, Scott, Bretscher, Ploegh and Matsudaira.
This chapter discusses how proteins are transported into membranes and organelles within cells. Proteins destined for membranes or organelles have targeting signals that are recognized by transport systems. The transport systems then direct the proteins to their proper destinations, such as inserting membrane proteins into membranes or delivering soluble proteins into organelles.
This document is the copyright information for Chapter 12 from the sixth edition of the textbook "Molecular Cell Biology" published in 2008 by W. H. Freeman and Company. The chapter is titled "Cellular Energetics" and is authored by Lodish, Berk, Kaiser, Krieger, Scott, Bretscher, Ploegh, and Matsudaira.
This chapter discusses the transmembrane transport of ions and small molecules across cell membranes. It covers topics such as passive transport through membrane channels and pumps, as well as active transport using ATP. The chapter is from the 6th edition of the textbook Molecular Cell Biology and is copyrighted by W. H. Freeman and Company in 2008.
This document is the copyright information for Chapter 10, titled "Biomembrane Structure", from the sixth edition of the textbook "Molecular Cell Biology" published in 2008 by W. H. Freeman and Company. The chapter was written by a team of authors including Lodish, Berk, Kaiser, Krieger, Scott, Bretscher, Ploegh and Matsudaira.
This document is the copyright information for Chapter 9 from the 6th edition of the textbook "Molecular Cell Biology" published in 2008 by W. H. Freeman and Company. The chapter is titled "Visualizing, Fractionating, and Culturing Cells" and is authored by Lodish, Berk, Kaiser, Krieger, Scott, Bretscher, Ploegh, and Matsudaira.
CapTechTalks Webinar Slides June 2024 Donovan Wright.pptxCapitolTechU
Slides from a Capitol Technology University webinar held June 20, 2024. The webinar featured Dr. Donovan Wright, presenting on the Department of Defense Digital Transformation.
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
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𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
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A business may deal with both sales and purchases occasionally. They buy things from vendors and then sell them to their customers. Such dealings can be confusing at times. Because multiple clients may inquire about the same product at the same time, after purchasing those products, customers must be assigned to them. Odoo has a tool called Reception Report that can be used to complete this assignment. By enabling this, a reception report comes automatically after confirming a receipt, from which we can assign products to orders.
2. Deep Reading
• Read as an overview
• Read and highlight
• Read and take notes
• Read, take notes, answer questions
• Read, take notes, answer questions, use the
text to fill in lecture notes
• Read, take notes, answer questions, synthesize
with lecture notes, write sample questions
• Teach someone/something what you learned
4. 1. What is the correct order (from small to large)?
a) cells, organelles, organ system, community,
ecosystems
b) molecules, organism, population, communities,
biosphere
c) molecules, cells, tissues, ecosystems, communities
d) organelles, cells, population, biosphere, ecosystems
e) cells, organs, population, ecosystems, communities
5. 1. What is the correct order (from small to large)?
a) cells, organelles, organ system, community,
ecosystems
b) molecules, organism, population, communities,
biosphere
c) molecules, cells, tissues, ecosystems, communities
d) organelles, cells, population, biosphere, ecosystems
e) cells, organs, population, ecosystems, communities
6. Five Unifying Themes of Biology
1.Heritable Information for continuity of life: all
organisms begin with one cell
2.Organization: emergent properties of biological
systems from order–newest emerging properties from
bioinformatics; Structure and function are correlated at
all levels of organization
3.Interactions with other organisms & environment
4.Energy and Matter: Regulation through feedback
mechanisms
5.CORE THEME: Evolution Explains Unity &
Diversity
7. LE 1-2
Order.
Evolutionary adaptation.
Response to the
environment.
Regulation.
Energy processing.
Reproduction.Growth and
development.
Properties of life—this semester at a molecular level!
Emergent properties
from Organization
Energy and
matter:
Biochemistry &
feedback
Interactions
Hereditary Information for continuity
Core theme
All begins with one cell that
divides many, many times
Structure & function
correlated at all levels
8. Theme 1. The
cell houses
information
Membrane
Cytoplasm
EUKARYOTIC CELL PROKARYOTIC CELL
DNA
(no nucleus)
Membrane
1 µm
Organelles
Nucleus (contains DNA)
10. DNA double helix Single strand of DNA
Nucleotide
Cell
Nucleus DNA
Theme 1. Heritable Information
11. Entire genome in every cell—differential gene expression to differentiate. DNA
directs the development of an organism.
Sperm cell
Nuclei
containing
DNA
Egg cell
Fertilized egg
with DNA from
both parents
Embryo’s cells
With copies of
inherited DNA
Offspring with traits
inherited from both parents
12. A Clone of Xenopus laevis Frogs
Nuclei from a
single female in
tail-bud tadpole
stage with 3
albino mutations
All clones are
female and
albino
16. Theme 2. Organization leads to
Emergent Properties of Biological
Systems— e.g. ordering a myriad of
biochemical reactions results in
a- CELL
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Outer membrane
and cell surface
Arabidopsis 2010: Projects to Determine the Function of Every Gene For a Systems
Map for the Small Mustard Plant, Arabidopsis
http://www.nsf.gov/bio/pubs/awards/2010awards.htm
17. Systems Biology
• High-throughput technology
output = mass quantities of data
• Bioinformatics
organizing the data to learn about relationships
and uncover hidden truths
• Interdisciplinary teams
requires knowledge & expertise from computer
science, mathematics, biology, chemistry, physics,
engineering, etc.
20. The entire library of genes is on a slide—see
which ones each cell light up
21. Microarray Analysis of Those Genes Whose Expression in the Early Xenopus
Embryo Is Caused by a specific transcription factor, Xnr1
22.
23. 2. Which of the following scientific studies would
represent an example of a “systems biology”
approach?
a) measuring the effect of an invading insect that eats
oak leaves on the numbers of oak trees and on any
subsequent changes in the number and types of
decomposer fungi in the soil
b) discovering the structure of an enzyme that is important
in digestion of protein
c) comparing the microscopic structure of leaves of two
different species of magnolias
d) measuring the reproductive rate of emperor penguins
during exceptionally warm and exceptionally cold years
e) comparing the DNA sequence of two closely related
plants and inferring their evolutionary histories
24. Which of the following scientific studies would represent
an example of a “systems biology” approach?
a) measuring the effect of an invading insect that eats
oak leaves on the numbers of oak trees and on any
subsequent changes in the number and types of
decomposer fungi in the soil
b) discovering the structure of an enzyme that is important
in digestion of protein
c) comparing the microscopic structure of leaves of two
different species of magnolias
d) measuring the reproductive rate of emperor penguins
during exceptionally warm and exceptionally cold years
e) comparing the DNA sequence of two closely related
plants and inferring their evolutionary histories
25. Theme 2: Organization
Structure and Function
• At each level of the biological hierarchy we
find a correlation between structure and
function
26. Figure 1-22
Theme 2: Organization Structure
& function
Interdigit apoptosis does not happen as humans in
order to make webbing for flight
27. 3. The idea that form and function are related would
not be exemplified by which of the following
examples?
a) Cells in the intestinal lining of vertebrates have
many small projections that increase the surface
area for absorption of nutrients.
b) Plants that live in dry areas have large roots for
absorbing water.
c) Seeds that are dispersed by wind are very light.
d) Fish that swim rapidly have bodies that are
streamlined.
e) none of the above
28. 3. The idea that form and function are related would not
be exemplified by which of the following examples?
a) Cells in the intestinal lining of vertebrates have
many small projections that increase the surface
area for absorption of nutrients.
b) Plants that live in dry areas have large roots for
absorbing water.
c) Seeds that are dispersed by wind are very light.
d) Fish that swim rapidly have bodies that are
streamlined.
e) none of the above
29. Five Unifying Themes of Biology
1.Heritable Information for continuity of life: all
organisms begin with one cell
2.Organization: emergent properties of biological
systems from order–newest emerging properties from
bioinformatics; Structure and function are correlated at
all levels of organization
3.Interactions with other organisms & environment
4.Energy and Matter: Regulation through feedback
mechanisms
5.CORE THEME: Evolution Explains Unity &
Diversity
30. Theme 3: From Ecosystems to Molecules,
Interactions Are Important in Biological
Systems
• Interactions between the components of the
system ensure smooth integration of all the parts
• This holds true equally well for components of
an ecosystem and the molecules in a cell
31. Ecosystems: An Organism’s Interactions
with Other Organisms and the Physical
Environment
• At the ecosystem level, each organism
interacts continuously with other organisms
• These interactions may be beneficial or
harmful to one or both of the organisms
• Organisms also interact continuously with the
physical factors in their environment, and the
environment is affected by the organisms
living there
32. Figure 1.10
Sunlight
Leaves take in
carbon dioxide
from the air and
release oxygen.
Animals eat leaves
and fruit from the tree,
returning nutrients
and minerals to the
soil in their waste
products.
Water and
minerals in
the soil are
taken up
by the tree
through its
roots.
Leaves absorb light
energy from the sun.
Leaves fall to the
ground and are
decomposed by
organisms that
return minerals
to the soil.
CO2
O2
33. Molecules: Interactions Within
Organisms
• Interactions between components—organs,
tissues, cells, and molecules—that make up
living organisms are crucial to their smooth
operation
• Cells are able to coordinate various chemical
pathways through a mechanism called
feedback
35. Theme 3. Interactions within organisms
Enzyme 1
A A
BB
C C
DD
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
DD
Enzyme 2
Enzyme 3
Negative
feedback
Enzyme 1
36. LE 1-12
W
Enzyme 4
W
XX
Y Y
ZZ
Z
Z
Z ZZ
ZZ Z
Enzyme 5
Enzyme 6
Positive
feedback
Enzyme 4
Enzyme 6
Enzyme 5
Z
Z Z Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
37. Theme 4: Life Requires the Transfer and
Transformation of Energy and Matter
• The input of energy from the sun and the
transformation of energy from one form to
another make life possible
• When organisms use energy to perform work,
some energy is lost to the surroundings as heat
• As a result, energy flows through an
ecosystem, usually entering as light and
exiting as heat
38. Figure 1.9
ENERGY FLOW
Light
energy Heat
Chemical
energy
Plants take
up chemicals
from the soil
and air.
Chemicals
Decomposers
return
chemicals
to the soil.
Chemicals
pass to
organisms
that eat the
plants.
Producers, consumers, decomposers
39. Theme 5. Evolution explains both Unity &
Diversity
• 1.8 million species diversity
• Unity at every level
– Highest level of unity
1. composed of cells; membrane bound
cytoplasm
2. DNA is the hereditary material
3. use solar or chemical energy to do work
4. water-based chemistry
5. universal genetic code
40. Figure 1-19. Diversity among 3 orchid species, yet share organs & organ systems,
shape of flower, etc.
41. Figure 1-13. Great Diversity, yet unified features
Organisms are classified by their unifying characteristics.
43. LE 1-16b--Unity
Cilia of windpipe cellsCilia of Paramecium
Cross section of cilium,
as viewed with an
electron microscope
0.1 µm
44. The Three Domains of Life
• At the highest level, life is classified into three
domains:
– Bacteria (prokaryotes)
– Archaea (prokaryotes)
– Eukarya (eukaryotes)
Eukaryotes include protists and the kingdoms
Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia
46. LE 1-14. Classifying Life
Ursidae
Ursus
Carnivora
Mammalia
Chordata
Animalia
Eukarya
Species Genus Family Order Class Phylum Kingdom Domain
Ursus
americanus
(American
black bear)
47. Theme 5. The CORE of Biology--
Evolution
1859 published The Origin of The Species
50. LE 1-21
Population with varied inherited traits
Elimination of individuals with certain traits
Reproduction of survivors
Increasing frequency of traits that enhance
survival and reproductive success
51. Descent with modification in the Galapagos finches
Large
ground finch
Large cactus
ground finch
Sharp-beaked
ground finch
Geospiza
magnirostris
Geospiza
conirostris
Medium
ground
finch
Geospiza
fuliginosa
Small
ground
finch
Woodpecker
finch
Camarhynchus
psittacula
Large
tree finch
Medium
tree finch
Cactus
ground finch
Geospiza
difficilis
Cactus flower
eaters
Geospiza
scandens
Seed eater
Ground finches
Seed eaters
Tree finches
Common ancestor from
South American mainland
Insect eaters Bud eater
Warbler finches
Mangrove
finchGeospiza
fortis
Cactospiza
pallida Small
tree finch
Camarhynchus
pauper
Camarhynchus
parvulus
Green
warbler
finch
Gray
warbler
finch
Certhidea
olivacea
Certhidea
fusca
Vegetarian
finch
Platyspiza
crassirostris
Cactospiza
heliobates
Anatomical classification has now been confirmed with molecular evidence
52. 4. Examine the figure on the next slide and predict
which species pair has the most similar DNA
sequence.
a) vegetarian tree finch (Platyspiza crassirostris) and
mangrove finch (Cactospiza heliobates)
b) medium tree finch (Camarhynchus pauper) and
large tree finch (Camarhynchus psittacula)
c) large tree finch (Camarhynchus psittacula) and
small tree finch (Camarhynchus parvulus)
d) sharp-beaked ground finch (Geospiza difficilis) and
large ground finch (Geospiza magnirostris)
e) No such predictions are possible.
53.
54. 4. Examine the figure on the previous slide and predict
which species pair has the most similar DNA sequence.
a) vegetarian tree finch (Platyspiza crassirostris) and
mangrove finch (Cactospiza heliobates)
b) medium tree finch (Camarhynchus pauper) and
large tree finch (Camarhynchus psittacula)
c) large tree finch (Camarhynchus psittacula) and
small tree finch (Camarhynchus parvulus)
d) sharp-beaked ground finch (Geospiza difficilis) and
large ground finch (Geospiza magnirostris)
e) No such predictions are possible.
55. Themes Uncovered by many using Scientific Inquiry Type I: observation-
based discovery
e.g. Jane Goodall describing (qualitative) and measuring (quantitative) aspects
of chimp behavior
56. Scarlet king snake
Eastern coral
snake
Scarlet king snake
Key
Range of scarlet
king snake
North
Carolina
Range of eastern
coral snake
South
Carolina
Scientific Inquiry Type II: hypothesis-based inquiry
not poison
poisonous
57. LE 1-28
(a) Artificial king snake
(b) Artificial brown snake that has been attacked
Dr. Stephenson’s lab
does similar work if
looking for research
58. In areas where coral
snakes were present,
most attacks were on
brown artificial snakes.
In areas where coral snakes
were absent, most attacks
were on artificial king snakes.
LE 1-29
% of attacks on
artificial king snakes
% of attacks on
brown artificial snakes
Field site with
artificial snakes
83%
North
Carolina
South
Carolina
17%
16%
84%
Key
The hypothesis is supported
by the field experiment.
59. Terminology in Science
• Hypothesis: a testable, falsifiable educated
guess; a tentative answer to a well-framed
question
• Theory: much broader in scope than a
hypothesis; general enough to spin off many
new hypotheses; supported by a massive body
of evidence; explain a great diversity of
observations EVOLUTION
60. Science, Technology, & Society —understanding the connections between
science & society is important for our culture today e.g. Forensic science
61. TECHNOLOGIES
• DNA fingerprinting
– Not well-received at first
– Now a common tool of forensic science
• Mammalian cloning
– In 1997, Ian Wilmut and colleagues cloned the first
mammal
– Fears that the technology may be applied to humans
led to legislative bans on human cloning
1-8
62. • Genetic technologies allow the modification of animals in various ways
• For example, mice can be made to glow green (Figure 1.3)
– A jellyfish gene encoding a green fluorescent protein is introduced into lab
mice
– Upon exposure to ultraviolet light, the mice emit a bright green color
65. Practice Deep Reading p 19-20 and
box on page 21 of text
Group Work!
• How does mouse coat color affect survival?
• Would you expect different colors in different
habitats if the species were strictly nocturnal?
Explain.
66. 5. Now you will look at data from two different enclosures:
one with light-colored soil (left), and one with dark-colored
soil (right). How many dark brown mice were caught in the
light-colored soil enclosure on a moonlit night?
a) 12
b) 17
c) 19
d) 37
67. 5. Now you will look at data from two different enclosures:
one with light-colored soil (left), and one with dark-colored
soil (right). How many dark brown mice were caught in the
light-colored soil enclosure on a moonlit night?
a. 12
b. 17
c. 19
d. 37
68. 6. On a moonlit night, would a dark brown mouse be
more likely to escape predation by owls on dark- or light-
colored soil? What data support your conclusion?
a. On light-colored soil; the lowest
level of predation was light brown
mice on light soil.
b. On dark-colored soil; fewer light
brown mice than dark brown mice
were caught on light soil under no
moon.
c. On dark-colored soil; fewer dark
brown mice were caught on dark
soil than on light soil under a full
moon.
d. On light-colored soil; fewer dark
brown mice were caught on dark
soil than on light soil under a full
moon.
69. 6. On a moonlit night, would a dark brown mouse be
more likely to escape predation by owls on dark- or light-
colored soil? What data support your conclusion?
a. On light-colored soil; the lowest
level of predation was light brown
mice on light soil.
b. On dark-colored soil; fewer light
brown mice than dark brown mice
were caught on light soil under no
moon.
c. On dark-colored soil; fewer
dark brown mice were caught
on dark soil than on light soil
under a full moon.
d. On light-colored soil; fewer dark
brown mice were caught on dark
soil than on light soil under a full
moon.
70. The Flexibility of the Scientific
Process
• The scientific method is an idealized process
of inquiry
• Hypothesis-based science is based on the
“textbook” scientific method but rarely
follows all the ordered steps
• Backtracking and “rethinking” may be
necessary part way through the process
72. Testing Ideas
• Forming hypotheses
• Predicting results
• Doing experiments and/or
making observations
• Measuring results
Interpreting Test Results
Data may…
• Support a hypothesis
• Contradict a hypothesis
• Inspire a revised or new
hypothesis
• Prompt revised
assumptions
• Observing nature
• Asking questions
• Sharing data and ideas
• Finding inspiration
• Exploring the scientific
literature
73. Figure 1.23c
• Feedback and
peer review
• Replication of
experiments and
observations
• Discussion with
colleagues
• Publication
• Devising new ideas
and questions
• Theory building
• Developing technology
• Addressing societal
issues
• Informing policy
• Solving everyday
problems
• Satisfying curiosity
• Building knowledge
Editor's Notes
Answer: b
Figures\Chapter04\DevBio7e04070.jpg
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Answer: a
In the past, most research has been conducted on one or two levels of complexity (e.g., cells or population levels). Recently, however, scientists or teams of scientists have been studying how processes at one level affect processes on other scales. This question is designed to help students see connections among levels. Answers C–E address scientific questions at only one level: C is a study at the tissue level, D is a study at the population level, and E is a study at the molecular level. Answer B is likely a study simply at the molecular level, but a student might argue that it addresses two levels—molecular and cellular. It could certainly be expanded to a systems study if the scientists also studied molecular forces and folding of the protein chain. Answer A is likely the best answer because the two-species interaction between the invading insect and the oak (community level) affects the abundance of oak trees (population level) and the process of decomposition (ecosystem level). A possible extension of this question would be to ask students to broaden all the answers into systems biology studies.
Answer: e
The relationship between form and function is very important and results from the action of natural selection. In this question, all answers show a relationship between form and function, and therefore none of them connects correctly to the stem.
Figure 1.10 Interactions of an African acacia tree with other organisms and the physical environment
Figure 1.11 Feedback regulation
Figure 1.9 Energy flow and chemical cycling
Answer: c
The goal of this question is to make students actually look at the “family tree”—it’s very easy to just glance at it and think you understand it. Of the choices given, only answer C gives two species that are each other’s closest relative, e.g., “sister species.”
Answer: c
Answer: c
Figure 1.23 The process of science: a more realistic model
Figure 1.23a The process of science: a more realistic model (part 1: hypotheses)
Figure 1.23c The process of science: a more realistic model (part 3: analysis and feedback)