Feedstock's from the gasification of coal or heavy oil contain high levels of sulfur.
Conventional iron-chrome catalysts are not suitable
“Sour” or “Dirty” shift catalysts were developed.
These catalysts achieve maximum activity in the sulfided state.
Require treatment with Sulfur prior to start-up.
Can only be used in streams that contain sufficient sulfur to maintain them in this state
William Grant started his Scottish whiskey distillery in 1887. Today, this well-known brand has an enviable reputation for the quality of spirits they produce and distribute internationally. Always looking to see how they can improve, they approached Grundfos Pumps to review their energy efficiency. Having undertaken an initial energy check, Grundfos identified several areas where significant savings were possible.
Taking the advice offered, two new boiler feed support pumps were purchased, and their performance was measured over a 6-month period. Results showed electrical savings of £56k pa; the removal of the modulation valve saved £18k per boiler on maintenance costs; a reduction in breakdown and/or steam issues on site; improved steam quality and well as gas savings of up to 9%.
Need to remove poisons prior to entering downstream catalyst beds, including
Pre reformers
Primary reformers
HTS
LTS
Note : no Secondary - poisons do not stick as temperature is too high
Note that methanator is a purification step
Removes CO and CO2 which poisons synthesis catalyst
Weiber manufacture and supplies high quality Convection Bench Oven that comes with a recorder attached with the instrument. The oven temperature recorders are thermally insulated to withstand extreme temperatures. For More Information Please Logon http://goo.gl/olKy5e
Influence of Operating Variables on Functional Parameters of Ammonia Synthesi...Premier Publishers
The synthesis of ammonia involves several parameters that require appropriate control measures. Hence, this study investigated the effects of operating temperature and pressure on size, space velocity, mean residence time and heat generated per unit reactor volume at capacity of 430,000 tons of ammonia production per year. The analysis was performed at temperature and pressure ranges of 673 – 773 K and 150 – 300 atm. At constant conversion, the volume and mean residence time decreased with increase in operating temperature and pressure, while space velocity and heat generated per unit reactor volume increased with increasing temperature and pressure. For instance, from 698 – 773 K and at constant pressure of 250 atm and 0.32 conversion, volume and mean residence time decreased from 3.717 to 0.501 m3 and 7.01 x 10-5 to 9.46 x 10-6 hr, while space velocity and heat generated per unit reactor volume increased from 1.698 x 104 to 1.259 x 105 hr-1 and 1.40 x 107 to 1.57 x 108 kJ/hr.m3 respectively. The temperature and pressure ranges may be realistic, but 698 K and 250 atm is considered for the designed capacity based on the process economics, size and heat requirement.
Installation of S-50 ammonia synthesis converter along with waste heat boiler in downstream of existing S-200 ammonia synthesis converter is one of the major schemes of Energy Saving Project of Ammonia plant. The energy saving reported 0.18 G.Cal/T of Ammonia. Several ammonia plants have installed an additional ammonia synthesis converter in combination with a HP steam waste heat boiler, downstream of the existing ammonia converter. The result is increased conversion per pass, reduced compression requirements due to the smaller recycle gas stream, and improved waste heat recovery. Among the methodologies aimed at finding energy saving opportunities, pinch analysis linked to power and steam modeling has proved to be a powerful way for determining projects to improve the overall energy efficiency of industrial sites. This procedure has been applied successfully in many industrial facilities, allowing optimal energy recovery in the process and hence reduction of fuel consumption.
Improve fired heaters performance and reliabiltyAshutosh Garg
Fired heaters are often suffering from high tube metal temperatures and short run lengths. Operators are always worried about hot spots in the furnace. While refineries want to push the heaters hard, the heater starts coking up and very soon, the heater tubes have to be cleaned.
FIS has done extensive research and CFD modelling of heaters in the recent time and has concluded that localized burner flame and hot flue gas currents are responsible for the hot spots on the tubes. FIS has now developed a new patented technology for solving hot spot problems. This technology called Inclined Firing Technology involves orienting the burners at an angle on the floor / wall/ roof to direct the flame away from the tubes. The results of this technology have been extremely good and with a very low investment, the reliability and run length of the heater is improved significantly.
Feedstock's from the gasification of coal or heavy oil contain high levels of sulfur.
Conventional iron-chrome catalysts are not suitable
“Sour” or “Dirty” shift catalysts were developed.
These catalysts achieve maximum activity in the sulfided state.
Require treatment with Sulfur prior to start-up.
Can only be used in streams that contain sufficient sulfur to maintain them in this state
William Grant started his Scottish whiskey distillery in 1887. Today, this well-known brand has an enviable reputation for the quality of spirits they produce and distribute internationally. Always looking to see how they can improve, they approached Grundfos Pumps to review their energy efficiency. Having undertaken an initial energy check, Grundfos identified several areas where significant savings were possible.
Taking the advice offered, two new boiler feed support pumps were purchased, and their performance was measured over a 6-month period. Results showed electrical savings of £56k pa; the removal of the modulation valve saved £18k per boiler on maintenance costs; a reduction in breakdown and/or steam issues on site; improved steam quality and well as gas savings of up to 9%.
Need to remove poisons prior to entering downstream catalyst beds, including
Pre reformers
Primary reformers
HTS
LTS
Note : no Secondary - poisons do not stick as temperature is too high
Note that methanator is a purification step
Removes CO and CO2 which poisons synthesis catalyst
Weiber manufacture and supplies high quality Convection Bench Oven that comes with a recorder attached with the instrument. The oven temperature recorders are thermally insulated to withstand extreme temperatures. For More Information Please Logon http://goo.gl/olKy5e
Influence of Operating Variables on Functional Parameters of Ammonia Synthesi...Premier Publishers
The synthesis of ammonia involves several parameters that require appropriate control measures. Hence, this study investigated the effects of operating temperature and pressure on size, space velocity, mean residence time and heat generated per unit reactor volume at capacity of 430,000 tons of ammonia production per year. The analysis was performed at temperature and pressure ranges of 673 – 773 K and 150 – 300 atm. At constant conversion, the volume and mean residence time decreased with increase in operating temperature and pressure, while space velocity and heat generated per unit reactor volume increased with increasing temperature and pressure. For instance, from 698 – 773 K and at constant pressure of 250 atm and 0.32 conversion, volume and mean residence time decreased from 3.717 to 0.501 m3 and 7.01 x 10-5 to 9.46 x 10-6 hr, while space velocity and heat generated per unit reactor volume increased from 1.698 x 104 to 1.259 x 105 hr-1 and 1.40 x 107 to 1.57 x 108 kJ/hr.m3 respectively. The temperature and pressure ranges may be realistic, but 698 K and 250 atm is considered for the designed capacity based on the process economics, size and heat requirement.
Installation of S-50 ammonia synthesis converter along with waste heat boiler in downstream of existing S-200 ammonia synthesis converter is one of the major schemes of Energy Saving Project of Ammonia plant. The energy saving reported 0.18 G.Cal/T of Ammonia. Several ammonia plants have installed an additional ammonia synthesis converter in combination with a HP steam waste heat boiler, downstream of the existing ammonia converter. The result is increased conversion per pass, reduced compression requirements due to the smaller recycle gas stream, and improved waste heat recovery. Among the methodologies aimed at finding energy saving opportunities, pinch analysis linked to power and steam modeling has proved to be a powerful way for determining projects to improve the overall energy efficiency of industrial sites. This procedure has been applied successfully in many industrial facilities, allowing optimal energy recovery in the process and hence reduction of fuel consumption.
Improve fired heaters performance and reliabiltyAshutosh Garg
Fired heaters are often suffering from high tube metal temperatures and short run lengths. Operators are always worried about hot spots in the furnace. While refineries want to push the heaters hard, the heater starts coking up and very soon, the heater tubes have to be cleaned.
FIS has done extensive research and CFD modelling of heaters in the recent time and has concluded that localized burner flame and hot flue gas currents are responsible for the hot spots on the tubes. FIS has now developed a new patented technology for solving hot spot problems. This technology called Inclined Firing Technology involves orienting the burners at an angle on the floor / wall/ roof to direct the flame away from the tubes. The results of this technology have been extremely good and with a very low investment, the reliability and run length of the heater is improved significantly.
This is a simple formula to determine how much you should be willing to pay for each click in a cost per click campaign. It's also a helpful way to think about your website traffic and how to monetize it.
Walle produce all series of hydraulic seals,according to category by purpose,including rotary seals, all kinds of O ring(FKM O ring), step seal, glyd ring, oil seal and various of combination seals, gasket, spring energised seals, food machinery seals and so on.
Oil Shale Ex-Situ Process - Leaching Study of Spent Shaleinventionjournals
During the past decade, significant advancement has been made on various extraction technologies to develop U.S. oil shale resources in an environmentally and economically sustainable fashion. This work has been driven by the increasing demand for domestic transportation fuels and the need to improve U.S. energy security. Although conventional hydrocarbon deposits are becoming more difficult to find and limited in volume, unconventional reserves are relatively easy to locate and plentiful. Hence, development of unconventional resources, particularly shale gas, oil sands, and shale oil continues to receive tremendous attention. The present work shows ex-situ process of oil shale in a five ton/day externally heated horizontal rotary reactor, and discuss the process parameters and yield. The main focus of this article is: A) Effect of reactor bed temperature, rotation speed and feed rate on the residence time, fuel consumption and process yield B) Hazardous environmental issue related to leaching of heavy metals and metalloids from spent shale by underground and/or surface water, which prevent further commercialization of this process. In addition, an Aspen diagram of the overall oil shale process is presented as ongoing work focusing on key mechanical issues that affect online reliability and process efficiency including particle size, bed temperature and solid/gas mixing efficiency.
This presentation covers frequent and costly incidents related to catalysts mal-operation with the focus of providing the plant operator with recommendations to avoid plant outages and catalyst losses.
A case study of thinning of ng (natural gas) injection line in mp section bef...Prem Baboo
In urea plant Medium pressure Inerts gases recover HRU burner in Captive Power Plant. The inserts containing useful fuel in the form of Hydrogen & Methane about 40-45% volume percentage of total inerts. This inerts also containing Oxygen because the passivation air is given in carbon Dioxide compressor suction line for passivation of Reactor vessel and all downstream Stainless Steel vessel. In the presence of Oxygen there are chances of explosive mixture of Hydrogen and Oxygen in exit of MP section final vent line, to overcome this dangerous situation natural gases are added in the MP section before MP condenser so that the range of explosive can be avoided. These gases Hydrogen & Methane come with carbon Dioxide gas from Ammonia plant, carbon Dioxide about 0.5-0.7 % and Methane about 0.08 to0.1%. But we have seen after implementation of this scheme, frequent leakage was observed from inlet flange as well as heavy erosion was noticed in the inside surface of vapour inlet line and flange. Erosion was noticed from NG injection point and extended downstream up to nozzle flange in elliptical pattern. Material of construction of the process piping is A312 TP -316 L (Cr-18%, Ni-12%, Mo-2.0%, N-0.2%, and C-0.03%) which is compliable as per basic licenser. Hence frequent thinning of the pipe wall nearing injection point is due to sudden expansion of natural gas. In order to minimize pipe wall erosion phenomenon near NG injection point an alternative arrangement of NG injection extending the 1” NG line up to center of the vapour inlet line has been implemented and location of injection also changed as fig.-3.
Polymer is usually used in Enhance oil Recovery for improve sweep efficiency & mobility ratio is less than 1 , but here polymer used for profile modification in largest oil field in russia
Company Valuation webinar series - Tuesday, 4 June 2024FelixPerez547899
This session provided an update as to the latest valuation data in the UK and then delved into a discussion on the upcoming election and the impacts on valuation. We finished, as always with a Q&A
Enterprise Excellence is Inclusive Excellence.pdfKaiNexus
Enterprise excellence and inclusive excellence are closely linked, and real-world challenges have shown that both are essential to the success of any organization. To achieve enterprise excellence, organizations must focus on improving their operations and processes while creating an inclusive environment that engages everyone. In this interactive session, the facilitator will highlight commonly established business practices and how they limit our ability to engage everyone every day. More importantly, though, participants will likely gain increased awareness of what we can do differently to maximize enterprise excellence through deliberate inclusion.
What is Enterprise Excellence?
Enterprise Excellence is a holistic approach that's aimed at achieving world-class performance across all aspects of the organization.
What might I learn?
A way to engage all in creating Inclusive Excellence. Lessons from the US military and their parallels to the story of Harry Potter. How belt systems and CI teams can destroy inclusive practices. How leadership language invites people to the party. There are three things leaders can do to engage everyone every day: maximizing psychological safety to create environments where folks learn, contribute, and challenge the status quo.
Who might benefit? Anyone and everyone leading folks from the shop floor to top floor.
Dr. William Harvey is a seasoned Operations Leader with extensive experience in chemical processing, manufacturing, and operations management. At Michelman, he currently oversees multiple sites, leading teams in strategic planning and coaching/practicing continuous improvement. William is set to start his eighth year of teaching at the University of Cincinnati where he teaches marketing, finance, and management. William holds various certifications in change management, quality, leadership, operational excellence, team building, and DiSC, among others.
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The world of search engine optimization (SEO) is buzzing with discussions after Google confirmed that around 2,500 leaked internal documents related to its Search feature are indeed authentic. The revelation has sparked significant concerns within the SEO community. The leaked documents were initially reported by SEO experts Rand Fishkin and Mike King, igniting widespread analysis and discourse. For More Info:- https://news.arihantwebtech.com/search-disrupted-googles-leaked-documents-rock-the-seo-world/
At Techbox Square, in Singapore, we're not just creative web designers and developers, we're the driving force behind your brand identity. Contact us today.
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Stay ahead of the curve with our premium MEAN Stack Development Solutions. Our expert developers utilize MongoDB, Express.js, AngularJS, and Node.js to create modern and responsive web applications. Trust us for cutting-edge solutions that drive your business growth and success.
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Personal Brand Statement:
As an Army veteran dedicated to lifelong learning, I bring a disciplined, strategic mindset to my pursuits. I am constantly expanding my knowledge to innovate and lead effectively. My journey is driven by a commitment to excellence, and to make a meaningful impact in the world.
Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey throu...dylandmeas
Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey through Full Sail University. Below, you’ll find a collection of my work showcasing my skills and expertise in digital marketing, event planning, and media production.
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Bioblend results 2
1. • Field trials and flowback data
• Increased oil and gas production
• Reduced pump pressures
• Reduced energy cost
Rebound Aq
2. Case Study #1 Increased Oil
• On
June
1,
2012,
rebound
was
introduced
into
a
2,200
ft.
well
that
produced
only
0.5
bpd
for
a
period
of
three
years.
• Based
on
the
calculations
of
water
in
the
system,
five
gallons
of
Rebound
Aq
was
poured
into
the
well
inlet
at
a
0.5%
dilution
which
resulted
in
a
final
.04%
dilution.
The
pump
was
set
to
percolate
and
the
product
was
allowed
to
permeate
into
the
surrounding
near
well
bore
formation.
Upon
restarting
the
pump,
the
operator
showed
a
significant
increase
in
oil
flowback,
up
to
5
bpd.
The
operator
also
noticed
sand
from
the
Austin
chalk
formation
represented
in
the
recovered
product.
This
was
a
significant
observation
showing
Rebounds
ability
to
clean
out
the
veins
of
the
formation
and
proppant
sand
from
the
original
fracture.
This
increase
in
production
lasted
for
three
weeks.
Before
the
use
of
Rebound,
the
wells
produced
10.5
barrels
of
oil
in
a
three
week
time
frame.
After
treatment
with
Rebound,
the
next
three
weeks
produced
105
barrels
of
oil
resulting
in
a
900
%
increase
in
production.
3. Case Study #1 graphical results
3.25
3.5
3.75
0
30
35
40
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
week1
week2
week3
injection
week4
week5
week6
Barrels
of
oil
Barrels
of
oil
Rebound
Aq
injection
4. Case Study #2 Increased Gas and
Energy Cost Savings
• On
February
14,
2013
Rebound
Aq
was
introduced
into
a
field
of
6
wells
that
were
drilled
in
the
1940’s.
The
property
owner
stated
previously
prior
to
treatment,
they
produced
a
steady
3
½
inches
[which
is
equivalent
to
1
barrel
=
1
inch]
or
3.5
bpd.
After
partial
treatment
of
Rb
into
the
production
water
tank,
they
saw
an
increase
to
a
steady
4
bpd.
After
the
plumbing
was
complete
and
the
pressure
dropped
at
the
injection
well
and
injection
pump,
he
had
one
day
of
6
barrels
of
production,
and
two
days
of
5
½
barrels,
then
5
barrels.
After
which
it
subsided
to
4
½
barrels
and
remained
constant.
The
first
of
September
showed
an
increase
to
8bpd
and
has
steadied
throughout
the
month.
That
is
an
increase
of
128%.
Turning
on
the
injection
pump
along
with
the
MR
pump
injecting
3.48
gallons
of
Rb
mixture
a
day,
did
indeed
allow
the
pressures
at
both
the
injection
pump
and
the
injection
well
to
reach
a
sustained
maximum
pressure
allowance
of
200
PSI
for
a
time
period
of
40
minutes
after
building
gradually.
The
injection
well’s
pressure
went
down
to
100
PSI,
and
gradually
decreased
from
there.
This
is
a
two-‐fold
benefit,
one
being
there
is
less
mechanical
strain
kept
on
the
injection
pump,
resulting
in
both
longer
life
span
of
the
pump
and
porcelain
pistons
but
also
a
decreased
electricity
bill
as
the
pump
works
more
efficiently
to
push
fluid
down
the
line.
The
operator
also
estimates
a
gas
production
increase
of
20-‐30%,
although
this
was
not
documented.
5. Case Study #2 graphical results
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Bbls/
day
Bbls/
day
Rebound
Aq
Treatment