The document provides an overview of biodiesel technical training on understanding diesel fuel presented by the National Biodiesel Board. It discusses the objectives to understand diesel and biodiesel fuel quality standards and their effects on engine performance and emissions. Key points covered include ASTM fuel specifications for diesel including cetane number, distillation temperatures, viscosity, carbon residue and sulfur content which impact engine operation. It also discusses emissions regulations that have made diesel fuel requirements more stringent over time.
Standard Test For Ash From Petroleum Products , D482Student
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Standard Test For Ash From Petroleum Products , D482
Ash contents is defined as the inorganic residue that remains after combustion of the oil in air at specific high temperature. Ash ranges from 0.1% to 0.2%. The ash content of a fuel is a measure of the amount of inorganic noncombustible material it contains. Some of the ash forming constituents occur naturally in crude oil: others are present as a result of refining or contamination during storage or distribution. For instance, it could be due to the presence of compounds of the following elements: vanadium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, lead, iron, nickel. Or it could be picked up by the crude oil during storage and handling. Metals content above 200 ppm are considered to be significant but the variations are very large. The higher the ash content the higher is the tendency of the crude oil to form sludge or sediment. Oils containing more than 0.05% ash are considered high ash oils; those containing less than 0.02% ash are considered low ash oils.
Prepared By Yasir Albeatiy
Octane rating is the measure of a fuel's ability to resist "knocking" or "pinging" during combustion, caused by the air/fuel mixture detonating prematurely in the engine. In the U.S., unleaded gasoline typically has octane ratings of 87 (regular), 88โ90 (midgrade), and 91โ94 (premium)
Dissolve gas anylysis measurement and interpretation techniqueArun Ramaiah
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DGA measurement & interpretation technique: it is a testing of insulating oil of transformer, which give the data about the internal damage, gases produce in the oil occurs due to overheating, acring etc. interpretation technique- gives the idea about he fault that causes by gases.
Standard Test For Ash From Petroleum Products , D482Student
ย
Standard Test For Ash From Petroleum Products , D482
Ash contents is defined as the inorganic residue that remains after combustion of the oil in air at specific high temperature. Ash ranges from 0.1% to 0.2%. The ash content of a fuel is a measure of the amount of inorganic noncombustible material it contains. Some of the ash forming constituents occur naturally in crude oil: others are present as a result of refining or contamination during storage or distribution. For instance, it could be due to the presence of compounds of the following elements: vanadium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, lead, iron, nickel. Or it could be picked up by the crude oil during storage and handling. Metals content above 200 ppm are considered to be significant but the variations are very large. The higher the ash content the higher is the tendency of the crude oil to form sludge or sediment. Oils containing more than 0.05% ash are considered high ash oils; those containing less than 0.02% ash are considered low ash oils.
Prepared By Yasir Albeatiy
Octane rating is the measure of a fuel's ability to resist "knocking" or "pinging" during combustion, caused by the air/fuel mixture detonating prematurely in the engine. In the U.S., unleaded gasoline typically has octane ratings of 87 (regular), 88โ90 (midgrade), and 91โ94 (premium)
Dissolve gas anylysis measurement and interpretation techniqueArun Ramaiah
ย
DGA measurement & interpretation technique: it is a testing of insulating oil of transformer, which give the data about the internal damage, gases produce in the oil occurs due to overheating, acring etc. interpretation technique- gives the idea about he fault that causes by gases.
Liquid Fuel Specification for Industrial Gas TurbineMd. Moynul Islam
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Liquid Fuel Specification for Industrial Gas Turbine, a Special Article on Liquid Fuel Selection for Industrial Gas Turbine and the Role of Various Fuel Additives in Protecting Turbine Blades from High Temperature Corrosion
Enhancement in viscosity of diesel by adding vegetable oilIJMER
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International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessmentโฆ. And many more.
What Exactly Is The Common Rail Direct Injection System & How Does It WorkMotor Cars International
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Learn about Common Rail Direct Injection (CRDi) - the revolutionary technology that has made diesel engines more efficient. Explore its workings, advantages like enhanced fuel efficiency and increased power output, along with drawbacks such as complexity and higher initial cost. Compare CRDi with traditional diesel engines and discover why it's the preferred choice for modern engines.
Comprehensive program for Agricultural Finance, the Automotive Sector, and Empowerment . We will define the full scope and provide a detailed two-week plan for identifying strategic partners in each area within Limpopo, including target areas.:
1. Agricultural : Supporting Primary and Secondary Agriculture
โข Scope: Provide support solutions to enhance agricultural productivity and sustainability.
โข Target Areas: Polokwane, Tzaneen, Thohoyandou, Makhado, and Giyani.
2. Automotive Sector: Partnerships with Mechanics and Panel Beater Shops
โข Scope: Develop collaborations with automotive service providers to improve service quality and business operations.
โข Target Areas: Polokwane, Lephalale, Mokopane, Phalaborwa, and Bela-Bela.
3. Empowerment : Focusing on Women Empowerment
โข Scope: Provide business support support and training to women-owned businesses, promoting economic inclusion.
โข Target Areas: Polokwane, Thohoyandou, Musina, Burgersfort, and Louis Trichardt.
We will also prioritize Industrial Economic Zone areas and their priorities.
Sign up on https://profilesmes.online/welcome/
To be eligible:
1. You must have a registered business and operate in Limpopo
2. Generate revenue
3. Sectors : Agriculture ( primary and secondary) and Automative
Women and Youth are encouraged to apply even if you don't fall in those sectors.
Things to remember while upgrading the brakes of your carjennifermiller8137
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Upgrading the brakes of your car? Keep these things in mind before doing so. Additionally, start using an OBD 2 GPS tracker so that you never miss a vehicle maintenance appointment. On top of this, a car GPS tracker will also let you master good driving habits that will let you increase the operational life of your carโs brakes.
"Trans Failsafe Prog" on your BMW X5 indicates potential transmission issues requiring immediate action. This safety feature activates in response to abnormalities like low fluid levels, leaks, faulty sensors, electrical or mechanical failures, and overheating.
What Does the Active Steering Malfunction Warning Mean for Your BMWTanner Motors
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Discover the reasons why your BMWโs Active Steering malfunction warning might come on. From electrical glitches to mechanical failures and software anomalies, addressing these promptly with professional inspection and maintenance ensures continued safety and performance on the road, maintaining the integrity of your driving experience.
What Does the PARKTRONIC Inoperative, See Owner's Manual Message Mean for You...Autohaus Service and Sales
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Learn what "PARKTRONIC Inoperative, See Owner's Manual" means for your Mercedes-Benz. This message indicates a malfunction in the parking assistance system, potentially due to sensor issues or electrical faults. Prompt attention is crucial to ensure safety and functionality. Follow steps outlined for diagnosis and repair in the owner's manual.
Symptoms like intermittent starting and key recognition errors signal potential problems with your Mercedesโ EIS. Use diagnostic steps like error code checks and spare key tests. Professional diagnosis and solutions like EIS replacement ensure safe driving. Consult a qualified technician for accurate diagnosis and repair.
5 Warning Signs Your BMW's Intelligent Battery Sensor Needs AttentionBertini's German Motors
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IBS monitors and manages your BMWโs battery performance. If it malfunctions, you will have to deal with an array of electrical issues in your vehicle. Recognize warning signs like dimming headlights, frequent battery replacements, and electrical malfunctions to address potential IBS issues promptly.
๐ผ๐ฃ๐ฉ๐๐ฆ๐ช๐ ๐๐ก๐๐จ๐ฉ๐๐ ๐๐ง๐๐๐๐ง๐จ ๐๐จ ๐ซ๐๐ง๐ฎ ๐๐๐ข๐ค๐ช๐จ ๐๐ค๐ง ๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ช๐๐๐๐ฉ๐ช๐ง๐๐ฃ๐ ๐ฉ๐๐๐๐ง ๐ฅ๐ง๐ค๐๐ช๐๐ฉ๐จ. ๐๐ ๐๐๐ซ๐ ๐๐ก๐ก ๐ฉ๐๐ ๐ฅ๐ก๐๐จ๐ฉ๐๐ ๐๐ง๐๐ฃ๐ช๐ก๐๐จ ๐ช๐จ๐๐ ๐๐ฃ ๐๐ช๐ฉ๐ค๐ข๐ค๐ฉ๐๐ซ๐ ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐๐ช๐ฉ๐ค ๐ฅ๐๐ง๐ฉ๐จ ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐๐ก๐ก ๐ฉ๐๐ ๐๐๐ข๐ค๐ช๐จ ๐๐ค๐ข๐ฅ๐๐ฃ๐๐๐จ ๐๐ช๐ฎ ๐ฉ๐๐ ๐๐ง๐๐ฃ๐ช๐ก๐๐จ ๐๐ง๐ค๐ข ๐ช๐จ.
Over the 10 years, we have gained a strong foothold in the market due to our range's high quality, competitive prices, and time-lined delivery schedules.
In this presentation, we have discussed a very important feature of BMW X5 carsโฆ the Comfort Access. Things that can significantly limit its functionality. And things that you can try to restore the functionality of such a convenient feature of your vehicle.
Why Is Your BMW X3 Hood Not Responding To Release CommandsDart Auto
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Experiencing difficulty opening your BMW X3's hood? This guide explores potential issues like mechanical obstruction, hood release mechanism failure, electrical problems, and emergency release malfunctions. Troubleshooting tips include basic checks, clearing obstructions, applying pressure, and using the emergency release.
Core technology of Hyundai Motor Group's EV platform 'E-GMP'Hyundai Motor Group
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Whatโs the force behind Hyundai Motor Group's EV performance and quality?
Maximized driving performance and quick charging time through high-density battery pack and fast charging technology and applicable to various vehicle types!
Discover more about Hyundai Motor Groupโs EV platform โE-GMPโ!
Most of you have seen this slide, which discloses the various technologies that are being applied to achieve Tier 2-4 emissions levels. I will only discuss the fuel system where the migration to common rail systems are a key leverage for achieving low emissions.
1-D : A special-purpose, light middle distillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications with frequent and widely varying speeds and loads or when abnormally low operating temperatures are encountered. Higher volatility than that provided by No. 2-D fuels. 2-D A general-purpose, middle distillate fuel for use in diesel engines, especially in applications with relatively high loads and uniform speeds, or in diesel engines not requiring fuels having higher volatility or other properties specified in Grade No. 1-D fuels. 4-D A heavy distillate fuel, or a blend of distillate and residual oil, for low- and medium-speed diesel engines in applications involving predominantly constant speed and load.
This slide gives the molecular structure of the some fuels, in addition the number of carbons. The comparison of the parent fuel structure to the alternative fuels is very important, as youโll see later on in the presentation. You will see that methane has one carbon, surrounded by hydrogens; propane has three carbons. You see methanol as the alcohol over to the right with one carbon, and ethanol, as an alcohol with two carbons. Below those are Iso Octane, which has 8 carbons in a branched structure, which will become important. This makes an ideal gasoline and Iso Octane has an octane number of 100. Then you see an standard diesel fuel, cetane, which is a long straight chain molecule with no branching and 20 carbons. Cetane has a cetane number of 100. You can see that gasoline is a much shorter, and more branched compound, whereas diesel fuel is much longer and more straight chain hydrocarbon. You can also see some examples of aromatics. These compounds are known carcinogens in diesel fuel but are not present in biodiesel. The aromatics all share a similar 6 carbon ring, known as benzene.
Low cetane number fuels are slow to ignite and then burn too rapidly, leading to high rates of pressure rise. These poor combustion characteristics can give rise to excessive engine noise and vibration, increased exhaust emissions and reduced vehicle performance, with increased engine stress specifically on the piston & cylinder
largest factor affecting the fuel economy, torque, and horsepower delivered by the fuel. The energy content of conventional diesel can vary up to 15% from supplier to supplier and from summer to winter. Typical No. 2 diesel fuel has an energy content of around 18,600 Btu/lb. Soy b100 15,940 Btu/lb
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