This document provides an overview of a technical training course on exhaust after-treatment and biodiesel. The course will cover changes in diesel engine emissions regulations, basics of diesel engine emissions and required hardware changes, methods of exhaust after-treatment, interactions between fuels and fuel systems, and resources. It will aim to provide industry experts to answer questions and introduce the National Biodiesel Board's diesel technician training program.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Scienceresearchinventy
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Experimental Investigation on Performance, Emission and Combustion Characteri...ijsrd.com
Continuous rise in the conventional fuel prices and shortage of its supply have increased the interest in the field of the alternative sources for petroleum fuels. In this present work, experimentation was carried out to study the performance, emission and combustion characteristics of desert date biodiesel and its blends. For this experiment a single cylinder, four strokes, naturally aspired, direct injection, water cooled, eddy current dynamometer Kirloskar diesel engine at 1500 rpm for variable loads. Initially, desert date biodiesel and its blends were chosen. The physical and chemical properties of desert date biodiesel were determined. The tests were carried out over entire range of engine operation at varying conditions of load. The engine performance parameters studied were brake horse power, brake specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency, exhaust temperature and mechanical efficiency. The emission characteristics studied are CO, HC, NOx and smoke opacity. These results are compared to those of pure diesel. These results are again compared to the other results of neat oils available in the literature for validation. By analyzing the graphs, it was observed that performance characteristics are reduced and emission characteristics are lowered compare to the diesel. This is mainly due to lower calorific value, higher viscosity and delayed combustion process. From the analysis of graphs it is observed that B10 and B20 blends are best suited for diesel engine. The present experimental results show that fish oil biodiesel and its blends can be used as an alternative fuel in diesel engine.
CRI/Criterion has deployed high-throughput tools for formulation of new catalyst compositions, and for testing the performance of the catalysts in several applications. This ability allows for screening of a large number of catalysts in a very short amount of time, significantly reducing the time required for catalyst development. The high-throughput screening ability has been proven in several areas of CRI/Criterion’s businesses, including chemicals and refining. High-throughput screening tools are equally, if not more, valuable in speedy deployment of biofuels and biochemicals from the lab to the market. Here we provide an overview of a program for rapid catalyst and process development to convert a mixed alcohol feed into gasoline and kerosene range hydrocarbons.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Scienceresearchinventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
Experimental Investigation on Performance, Emission and Combustion Characteri...ijsrd.com
Continuous rise in the conventional fuel prices and shortage of its supply have increased the interest in the field of the alternative sources for petroleum fuels. In this present work, experimentation was carried out to study the performance, emission and combustion characteristics of desert date biodiesel and its blends. For this experiment a single cylinder, four strokes, naturally aspired, direct injection, water cooled, eddy current dynamometer Kirloskar diesel engine at 1500 rpm for variable loads. Initially, desert date biodiesel and its blends were chosen. The physical and chemical properties of desert date biodiesel were determined. The tests were carried out over entire range of engine operation at varying conditions of load. The engine performance parameters studied were brake horse power, brake specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency, exhaust temperature and mechanical efficiency. The emission characteristics studied are CO, HC, NOx and smoke opacity. These results are compared to those of pure diesel. These results are again compared to the other results of neat oils available in the literature for validation. By analyzing the graphs, it was observed that performance characteristics are reduced and emission characteristics are lowered compare to the diesel. This is mainly due to lower calorific value, higher viscosity and delayed combustion process. From the analysis of graphs it is observed that B10 and B20 blends are best suited for diesel engine. The present experimental results show that fish oil biodiesel and its blends can be used as an alternative fuel in diesel engine.
CRI/Criterion has deployed high-throughput tools for formulation of new catalyst compositions, and for testing the performance of the catalysts in several applications. This ability allows for screening of a large number of catalysts in a very short amount of time, significantly reducing the time required for catalyst development. The high-throughput screening ability has been proven in several areas of CRI/Criterion’s businesses, including chemicals and refining. High-throughput screening tools are equally, if not more, valuable in speedy deployment of biofuels and biochemicals from the lab to the market. Here we provide an overview of a program for rapid catalyst and process development to convert a mixed alcohol feed into gasoline and kerosene range hydrocarbons.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
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GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
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Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
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Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
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All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
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Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
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Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
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A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
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Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
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Bio 3B: Biodiesel exhaust aftertreatment
1. Biodiesel
Technical
Training
Course
BIO3B:
Exhaust
A:er-‐
Treatment
and
Biodiesel
Presented by the
National Biodiesel Board
2. Today’s
Topics
• Changes
in
diesel
engine
emissions
regula4ons
• Basics
of
diesel
engine
emissions
– Changes
in
hardware
required
by
emissions
regula4ons
– Interac4ons
of
fuels
and
fuel
systems
• Methods
of
exhaust
a>ertreatment
• Exhaust
a>ertreatment
&
biodiesel
• Resources
3. Learning
Objec4ves
• Provide
access
to
industry
experts
for
more
detailed
ques4ons
and
answers
about
biodiesel
• Introduce
the
Na4onal
Biodiesel
Board’s
Diesel
Technician
Training
program
and
the
program
resources
to
the
audience
• Provide
quality
informa4on
about
biodiesel
and
diesel
emissions
• Provide
quality
informa4on
about
biodiesel
usage
and
today’s
diesel
exhaust
emissions
a>ertreatment
4. Learning
Outcomes
• Be able to answer general questions about biodiesel that
you may be asked as a technician
• Be able to answer questions about biodiesel emissions
• Be able to answer questions about biodiesel usage and
today’s diesel exhaust emissions aftertreatment
• Be able to make recommendations regarding biodiesel use
and vehicle maintenance
9. 2010
standards
• Introduction of ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel in October 2006
• EPA emissions standard for 2007:
• Diesel particle filters (DPF)
• Increased levels of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and higher fuel
injection pressures
• Full EPA emissions standard in 2010:
• DPF, EGR, high pressure fuel injection
• Exhaust catalysts for NOx reduction
• NOx adsorber catalysts, unburned diesel fuel for operation
• Selective catalytic reduction (SCR)
• Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) needed for SCR operation
10. Diesel
Par4cle
Filters
• Exhaust
flows
through
porous
wall-‐flow
elements
– PM
is
trapped
on
the
walls
of
the
filter
• When
exhaust
temperature
is
high
enough,
PM
is
burned
off
– In
most
cases,
unburned
diesel
fuel
is
injected
to
accomplish
this
• Precious
metal
is
loaded
onto
filter
walls
to
lower
the
temperature
required
for
regenera4on
• Issues:
– Regenera4on
at
low
temperatures/duty
cycles
– Plugging
with
incombus4ble
materials
like
lube
oil
ash
11. Diesel
Par4culate
Filter
(DPF)
Maintenance
• Carbon
par?culates
are
burned
off
with
on-‐board
regenera?on
• Ash
remains
in
the
DPF
and
must
be
removed
periodically
– This
requires
removal
from
vehicle
12. Catalyzed
Diesel
Par4culate
Filter
(CDPFs)
Exhaust Gas
Platinum Catalyst Soot Filter
Converts NO2 Oxidizes Soot in Filter
NO 2NO2 2NO2 + C CO2 + 2NO
• Uses
chemicals
in
exhaust
to
con?nuously
burn
carbon
in
Soot
Filter
• Must
s?ll
be
removed
to
clean
ash
16. Biodiesel
Tes4ng
Cummins ISB 300
• 2002 Engine, 2004 Certification
• Cooled EGR, VGT
Johnson Matthey CCRT
• 12 Liter DPF
• Passively Regenerated System
• Pre Catalyst (NO2 Production)
• ReFUEL Test Facility
• 400 HP Dynamometer
• Transient & Steady State Testing
• Cummins
• Soot Characterization
• Significant financial support for testing
• Fuels: ULSD, B100, B20, B5
17. B20 Testing
B20 results in substantial PM reduction even with DPF
(data for 2003 Cummins ISB with Johnson Matthey CCRT on HD FTP)
Reduction with DPF ranges
from 20% to 70%, depending
on basefuel, test cycle, and
other factors
• Reduction in sulfate
emissions
• Increased PM reactivity
Williams, et al., “Effect of Biodiesel Blends on Diesel Particulate Filter
Performance” SAE 2006-01-3280
18. Superb Results
BPT • BPT is 40ºC lower for B20
ULSD 360ºC • Soot is more easily burned off of filter
B20 320ºC • B20 can be used for lower temperature duty cycle
B100 250ºC
• Regeneration rate increases with
increasing biodiesel content
• Even at 5%, biodiesel PM measurably
oxidizes more quickly
19. NOx
Adsorber
Technology
Diesel
Injector DOC LNA
Filter NOx
Sensor
DOC
Diesel Valves
Oxidation Bypass
Catalyst Reference: Volvo
• Filter
removes
par?cles
• LNA
absorbs
NOx
on
lean
opera?on
• Controls
switch
to
rich
opera?on
to
NOx
to
harmless
Nitrogen
• Filter
regenera?on
and
LNA
regenera?on
are
separate
• Complex;
costly;
&
fuel
economy
loss
21. NOx
Controls
• NOx
Adsorber
Catalyst/Lean
NOx
trap
– Catalyst
converts
all
NOx
to
NO2,
adsorbent
bed
“traps”
NO2
– When
bed
is
saturated,
exhaust
forced
rich
– NO2
is
released
and
converted
to
N2
– Bed
also
traps
SO2,
but
doesn’t
release
it
NOx adsorber catalyst (NAC) is also
• Near
sulfur
free
exhaust
is
needed
known as a lean-NOx trap (LNT)
• Higher
temps,
longer
4me
needed
to
release
sulfur
– 90%+
conversion
is
possible
NOx + NH3
• Selec4ve
Cataly4c
Reduc4on
(SCR)
Sensor
– Used
for
industrial
NOx
control
for
years
– Requires
a
supplemental
“reductant”
– Typically
ammonia,
derived
from
urea
SCR
• “Diesel
Exhaust
Fluid”
– 80-‐90%
reduc4on
efficiency
Injection
– Generally
sulfur
tolerant
Urea
22. Biodiesel
Tes4ng
with
LD
Emission
Systems
• Includes
two
emission
control
systems
and
two
fuel
blends
on
a
light-‐duty
placorm
– NAC/DPF
and
SCR/DPF
– 5%
and
20
%
biodiesel
blends
• Performance,
op4miza4on
and
durability
– Aging
to
represent
2100
hours
of
opera4on
(approximately
120,00
miles
or
full
useful
life)
for
B20
– Emissions
evalua4ons
over
UDDS,
US06,
and
HFET–
tes4ng
by
EPA
– Perform
engine
and
fuel
component
teardown
at
end
of
aging
Engine: DCX Vehicle: Mercedes
OM646 C200 CDI
23. ULSD vs B20 – SCR
No statistical difference in NOx Conversion with B20
24. Selec4ve-‐Catalysts
Reduc4on
(SCR)
Air Induction Aqueous
NO EGR Urea
Air to Air Cooler
Solution
Pump and Tank
Injector
1
Turbo-Charge
Atomized
2
Urea
C
Solution
3
T
4
5
6
Catalyzed SCR Catalyst Ammonia
Particulate Slip
Engine Filter Catalyst
Reference: DDC
25. Selec4ve-‐Catalysts
Reduc4on
(SCR)
• Uses
aqueous
Urea
instead
of
fuel
to
convert
NOx
to
Nitrogen
– Requires
extra
tank
etc.
– Must
add
Urea
distribu?on
system
to
supply
chain
• Reduced
EGR
or
no
EGR
• Fuel
economy
gains
compared
to
NOx
Adsorber
• Proven
durability
for
European
applica?ons
• Favored
by
some
for
large
truck
and
sta?onary
applica?ons
26. How
Does
Biodiesel
Effect
Emissions
&
A>ertreatment
?
• Fuel
System
– Concern
over
deposits
and
corrosion
– Addressed
by
ASTM
specifica?ons
• Engine
Emissions
– Lower
HC
and
Par?culate
– NOx
emissions
depend
on
duty
cycle
• A:ertreatment
hardware
/
durability
– Easier
DPF
regenera?on
– Studies
at
NREL
/
ORNL
show
no
adverse
effects
on
hardware
durability
27. What
Will
Be
in
the
Marketplace?
• All
of
the
above!
• Par?culate
Traps
(or
Soot
Filters)
were
across
the
board
in
2007
• NOx
Adsorbers
are
on
some
pick-‐up
truck
applica?ons
• SCR
is
favored
for
many
HD
truck
and
sta?onary
applica?ons
28. Biodiesel
and
A>ertreatment
Systems
Biodiesel
is
compa4ble
with
Diesel
Par4culate
Filters,
and
has
some
dis4nct
advantages:
• Lowers
regenera4on
temperatures
• Less
engine
out
par4culate
maher
• May
provide
increased
performance
and
decreased
maintenance
vs.
ULSD
alone
• May
provide
increased
fuel
economy
Regenera4on
mode
is
important
• Late
in-‐cylinder
injec4on
may
cause
increased
fuel
dilu4on
of
engine
oil
and
limit
the
level
of
biodiesel
that
can
be
used
(i.e.
B20
or
B5)
• Most
US
heavy
duty
applica4ons
use
exhaust
stream
fuel
injec4on
which
is
compa4ble
with
B20,
perhaps
higher
blends
• Some
light
duty
OEMs
recommend
max
B5
at
present
28
29. Conclusion
• NBB,
the
US
Department
of
Energy,
and
the
engine
and
vehicle
manufacturers
are
expending
significant
resources
to
understand
how
biodiesel
blends
interact
with
new
diesel
emission
controls
• Detailed
tes4ng
thus
far
indicates
B20
and
lower
blends
are
compa4ble
with
both
diesel
and
NOx
a>er
treatment
– Provides
benefits
in
some
cases
• B5
is
now
just
part
of
normal
D975
diesel
fuel
• Addi4onal
study
is
underway
– Quan4fy
long
term
benefits
of
biodiesel
blends
– Late
in-‐cylinder
injec4on
impact
on
fuel
dilu4on
– NBB
is
encouraging
OEM’s
to
publicly
support
B20
30. Biodiesel
Resources
www.biodiesel.org
• Biodiesel
Training
Toolkit
• News
Releases
&
Informa4on
Resources
• Technical
Library,
Spec
Sheets
&
Videos
• OEM
Warranty
Posi4ons
on
Biodiesel
•
U.S.
Diesel
Vehicle
List
www.BQ-‐9000.org
• Lis4ng
of
BQ-‐9000
Cer4fied
Companies
www.biotrucker.com
• Lis4ng
of
BioTrucker
retail
sites
www.biodieselautomo?ve.org
30
• Dedicated to information exchange for biodiesel & diesel
technicians
31. Thank You!
Questions…?
Rachel
Burton
Call
NBB
at
1-‐800-‐841-‐5849
OEM
Diesel
Technician
Training
Visit
www.biodiesel.org
Program
wrenchwench@blast.com
Tel:
919-‐444-‐3495
31