Modern medical biotechnology uses genetics, cell biology, and other sciences to advance medicine through techniques like drug production, pharmacogenomics, gene therapy, and genetic testing. Some key developments include the cloning of Dolly the sheep in 1997, the completion of the rough draft of the human genome in 2000, and the first synthesis of a DNA molecule from artificial parts in 2010. Current areas of research include using genetically modified bacteria to mass produce human proteins for diseases like diabetes, introducing stem cells to repair damaged tissues, growing tissues for transplantation, and developing monoclonal antibodies to treat cancer and autoimmune diseases. The overall importance of medical biotechnology is to prolong life and ease suffering.