The document discusses the anatomy and physiology of the Fallopian tubes, fetal development through the three trimesters of gestation, and the three stages of labor and delivery. It describes the layers, cell types and segments of the Fallopian tubes. It outlines the key developments that occur in each trimester of gestation. It then explains the three stages of labor as the dilation stage, expulsion stage, and placental stage. For each stage, it discusses potential complications and common interventions.

1. Chapter 10; Complete The
Statement. A Living Language.
Medical Terminology. Pg. 345Subtitle

2. The tubes that extend from the outer edges of the uterus
and assist in transporting the ova and sperm are called
Fallopian Tubes

3. I will discuss the Gross
Anatomy, Histology and the
Pathophysiological Variants
of the Fallopian Tubes

4. Histology of the Fallopian Tubes/ Oviducts
Composition
• The Fallopian Tubes are
composed of 3 layers.
• Mucosa, Muscularis and
Serosa
• Each layer is composed
of a different cell type
Types of cells in the layers
• The innermost layer is Mucosa. It is
25% columnar ciliated epithelial cells,
60% secretory cells and 10% narrow
peg cells.
• The second layer, Muscularis, is
made up of smooth muscle that
surrounds the mucosa.
• The third and outermost layer is
primarily visceral peritoneum

5. Gross Anatomy
The uterine tube is 10-12 cm
long and 1-4 mm in diameter.
Situated between the ovary
laterally and the uterus medially.
The tube itself is divided into
several anatomic segments
Interstitial
Isthmic
Ampullary
Fimbrial
Infundibular
.

6. Pathophysiological
Variants
Pyosalpinx
Py/o = pus
-salpinx = uterine tube
Salpingitis
Salping/o = uterine tube
-itis = inflammation
Associated with Pelvic Inflammatory
Disease and generally is derivative
of a sexually transmitted disease
resulting in scar tissue and possible
infertility.

7. The time required for the development of a fetus is
called gestation.

8. I will discuss fetal development through each of the
3 trimesters

9. Gestation is 40 weeks which is divided into
trimesters; This is a look at the 1st trimester
• Week 1- -4 sperm and egg unite to
form zygote.
• Weeks 5-10 the baby is called an
embryo
• Placenta development
• Nervous system, heart and formation
of little buds which will become the
arms and legs. During this trimester
the limbs will begin to move.
• Sex organ develop

10. 2nd Trimester Weeks
14-26
9th week until birth, baby is called a fetus.
Receives nourishment from placenta
Bone formation
Intestines have returned to his abdomen
from the umbilical cord
Sex becomes apparent and red blood
cells are forming in spleen
Movements are becoming coordinated
with maternal awareness
Later in trimester, fetus may respond to
outside stimulus.
All organ systems are formed and
functioning
By end of trimester, fetus weighs nearly
2lb and 9 inches long.

11. 3rd Trimester Weeks
27 from conception
to birth
Developed brain tissue
Baby will open his eyes
Bones are hardening with
noticeable kicks
Attempts at breathing though lungs
are underdeveloped
Drinking amniotic fluid which aids
in development of respiratory
development.
Preparing for birth with significant
weight gain
Expulsion through the birth canal

12. The three stages of labor and delivery are:
• 1st Stage – Dilation Stage
• 2nd Stage – Expulsion Stage
• 3rd Stage – Placental Stage

13. I will discuss possible complications interventions
during each stage of labor
1st stage of delivery or dilation
stage; Complications
• Uterus may not contract strong or often
enough which is coined ‘Failure to
Progress’
• Abnormal presentation or breech
positioning (buttocks/ feet downward)
• Umbilical cord prolapse/compression
Intervention
• Rupturing the membranes will often help
the contractions to progress labor. If this
does not work then a drug called
Syntocinon can be intravenously
administered. This stimulates your uterus
and usually allows your cervix to dilate
normally.
• If baby is breech, the physician often
attempts manual repositioning.
• If the umbilical cord is prolapsed or
compressed, an emergency c section is
often the 1st recourse.

14. 2nd Stage of Delivery; Expulsion Stage
Complications
• Placenta Previa
• Preeclampsia- this can happen
anytime after 20 weeks of pregnancy
or shortly after delivery. May lead to
premature detachment of the placenta
from the uterus, maternal seizure, or
stroke.
• Prolonged second stage labor
Intervention
• Placenta Previa is usually diagnosed
before birth with complications
generally surrounding heavy bleeding.
If recognized early, physicians usually
choose to schedule a cesarean
delivery.
• There are many reasons for
prolonged second stage labor ranging
from birth canal or pelvis being too
small or carrying multiples. Either
way, medical intervention is needed
for health of baby and mother.

15. 3rd Stage of Labor; Placental Stage
Complications
• Primary postpartum hemorrhage due
to retained placenta
Intervention
• This is defined as a vaginal blood loss
exceeding 500 ml within 24 h of
delivery, but most hemorrhages occur
during or immediately after the third
stage of labor. Common causes include
partial separation of the placenta,
uterine atony, and genital tract trauma
• Excessive bleeding after vaginal
delivery requires immediate action.
After assessment, ergometrine, should
be given intravenously, The uterine
fundus should be massaged until
placenta is delivered. On some
occasions surgery is necessary to stop
the bleeding.

16. With proper prenatal care, most conditions can be
diagnosed and treated with a culmination of a happy,
healthy baby and mother.