The three stages of labor and delivery are: 1. Dilation stage - The cervix dilates from 0-10 cm in three phases: latent, active, and transition. 2. Expulsion stage - The baby is actively pushed out, usually taking 2-3 hours for first births. 3. Placental stage - The placenta delivers within 30 minutes after birth, sometimes aided by drugs or breastfeeding.

1. Michael Kissiedu
The female
Reproductive
System

2. The three stages of
labor and delivery • Dilation stage- This begins with the onset
are: of uterine labor contractions, and it is the
longest phase of labor. The first stage is divided
- Dilation Stage into three phases: latent, active, and
deceleration.
- Expulsion
Stage
- Placental
stage

3. Dilation stage
• In the latent phase- the contractions become more frequent, stronger, and
gain regularity, and most of the change of the cervix involves thinning, or
effacement. The latent phase is the most variable from woman to woman, and
from labor to labor.
• The next stage is the active phase- which is the phase of the most rapid
cervical dilatation. For most women this is from 3 to 4 centimeters of
dilatation until 8 to 9 centimeters of dilatation. It usually last for 5 hours for
first pregnant mothers whiles it can last for at least 2 hours for second or third
mothers.
• Finally, there is the deceleration phase- this is when the cervical dilation
continues, but at a slower pace, until full dilation. This is also a phase of more
rapid descent, when the baby is passing lower into the pelvis and deeper into
the birth canal. This is also called the transition stage and symptoms like
vomiting and shaking occurs here, indicating the completion of the process.

4. Expulsion Stage
• The second stage is the delivery of the infant. During the
second stage, mom actively pushes out the baby. For first time
mothers, this can take two to three hours, so it’s important to
save your energy and pace yourself. For second babies and
beyond, the second stage often lasts less than an hour – and
sometimes, only a few minutes.

5. Placental stage
• The third stage of labor is the passage of the placenta, which
can be immediate, or take up to thirty minutes. The process
may be sped up naturally by breastfeeding (which releases
oxytocin), or medically by administering a drug called Pitocin.

6. Gynecology
• is the medical practice dealing with the health of the female
reproductive system (uterus, vagina, and ovaries).
• The person who practices gynecology is called a gynecologists
• A gynecologist helps to improve the female reproductive
system by making any diseases whether sexually transmitted
or through birth does not affect the lifespan of the female
reproductive system.

7. Some tools and methods Gynecologist
use to treat patients
• Gynecologists are doctors who specialize in women's health.
According to the Bureau of Labor, "OB/GYN’s attempt to
prevent, diagnose, and treat general female anatomy, such as
cancers of the breast or cervix, urinary tract and pelvic
disorders, and hormonal disorders." Gynecologists use a
variety of tools for pap smear examinations, prenatal visits,
postnatal visits, testing and surgery.
•

8. Embryo
• As the fertilized egg develops into the baby we see at birth, it goes
through three main stages of growth:
• 1. the stage of the zygote (before implantation)
• 2. the stage of the embryo (early in the pregnancy)
• 3. the stage of the fetus (later in the pregnancy).
• The word embryo (Greek: swelling within) refers to the growing organism
from the second to the eighth week of its life. During this time, it develops
from a tiny cell cluster into a little growth of about 1 inch in length.
• As this development proceeds, the placenta, a special organ of
interchange, begins to grow between the embryo and the uterus. The
embryo is connected to the placenta by the umbilical cord. (Soon after the
birth of the baby, its umbilical cord is still connected to the placenta which
is then expelled from the uterus. For this reason, the placenta is also
called the afterbirth.) The placenta acts as a filter and as a barrier

9. Embryo
• During the first month of its life, the human embryo looks like
that of any other higher animal, such as a cat, dog, or pig, for
example. Then, during the second month, it slowly assumes
human features.
• It starts to develop a recognizable face, as well as arms, legs,
fingers, and toes. Between its legs, the primitive beginnings of
sexual organs become discernible, although they are still
undifferentiated at this point (i.e., they are the same for both
male and female).
• When the entire growing organism finally becomes clearly
identifiable as human, it leaves the stage of the embryo and
enters that of the fetus.

10. Development of the Embryo: they vary from 1.4 weeks, 2.5
weeks, 3.6 weeks, 4.7 weeks and 5.8 weeks in order.