Big data roadmap and cross-disciplinary community for addressing societal externalities
BYTE Community Overview
Edward Curry
Insight @ NUI Galway
BYTE Work Package 8 Leader
Gaia-X Finland – Learning and Sharing Experiences 8.12.2021Sitra / Hyvinvointi
Gaia-X Finland – Learning and Sharing Experiences event on 8 December 2021. As the coordinator of the Finnish national Gaia-X Hub, Sitra is hosting an event to bring together some of the most interesting voices in Finland and in Central Europe who are working hard to bring the most value out of the European data economy. During the virtual event, you will find out about hands-on experiences and initiatives in data sharing in the framework of Gaia-X. You will learn from peer experiences, use cases and real business environment insights from different national hubs in Europe, such as Germany, Belgium, and Luxembourg. Event page: https://www.sitra.fi/en/events/gaia-x-finland-learning-and-sharing-experiences/
Gaia-X and how to accelerate growth – pathway to EU funding webinar 10 March ...Sitra / Hyvinvointi
The webinar is organised as a part of the Finnish Gaia-X Hub coordination. The webinar trainers from Spinverse Oy are experts in the field and funding.
If you are interested and want to explore the EU funding schemes, existing opportunities, modalities and hints on applying or just refresh your knowledge, join us for this webinar and learn about:
- European programmes focusing on digital technologies
- How to work with EU calls for proposals
- How to identify EU funding opportunities
- How to find project partners and build a successful consortium
- Practical tips on how to create winning applications.
The webinar is open for anyone interested in the topic of EU funding and will bring benefits to everyone, in particular to small and medium-sized enterprises. The focus of the webinar will be Digital Europe Programme, but we will also explore other opportunities. https://www.sitra.fi/en/events/gaia-x-and-how-to-accelerate-growth-pathway-to-eu-funding/
For a country like Finland, which is full of innovations and startups, Gaia-X is a gateway for reaching the next step of the data economy ladder. The potential of this groundbreaking initiative is enormous and far-reaching.
Gaia-X is the answer to a massive demand for safe, secure and sovereign data across Europe. By merging hundreds of different organisations in different domain and from across the globe in a single endeavour, Gaia-X combines challenging use cases with innovative solutions to bring the most value out of the European data economy.
Gaia-X project is accelerating rapidly with the launch of Gaia-X regional hubs. We are pleased to invite you to our Gaia-X for Finland – Hub launch event.
During the event, you will learn about the role of a Gaia-X as a game-changer for data-driven businesses, hear about the strategy and operational model of the Finnish Gaia-X Hub and get insights from companies already involved in Gaia-X.
The event page: https://www.sitra.fi/en/events/gaia-x_for_finland_hub_launch/
Presentations:
Jaana Sinipuro, Project Director, Sitra
Hubert Tardieu, Independent Board Member in charge of relationship with governments
Lars Albäck, CEO, Vastuu Group
Big data roadmap and cross-disciplinary community for addressing societal externalities
BYTE Community Overview
Edward Curry
Insight @ NUI Galway
BYTE Work Package 8 Leader
Gaia-X Finland – Learning and Sharing Experiences 8.12.2021Sitra / Hyvinvointi
Gaia-X Finland – Learning and Sharing Experiences event on 8 December 2021. As the coordinator of the Finnish national Gaia-X Hub, Sitra is hosting an event to bring together some of the most interesting voices in Finland and in Central Europe who are working hard to bring the most value out of the European data economy. During the virtual event, you will find out about hands-on experiences and initiatives in data sharing in the framework of Gaia-X. You will learn from peer experiences, use cases and real business environment insights from different national hubs in Europe, such as Germany, Belgium, and Luxembourg. Event page: https://www.sitra.fi/en/events/gaia-x-finland-learning-and-sharing-experiences/
Gaia-X and how to accelerate growth – pathway to EU funding webinar 10 March ...Sitra / Hyvinvointi
The webinar is organised as a part of the Finnish Gaia-X Hub coordination. The webinar trainers from Spinverse Oy are experts in the field and funding.
If you are interested and want to explore the EU funding schemes, existing opportunities, modalities and hints on applying or just refresh your knowledge, join us for this webinar and learn about:
- European programmes focusing on digital technologies
- How to work with EU calls for proposals
- How to identify EU funding opportunities
- How to find project partners and build a successful consortium
- Practical tips on how to create winning applications.
The webinar is open for anyone interested in the topic of EU funding and will bring benefits to everyone, in particular to small and medium-sized enterprises. The focus of the webinar will be Digital Europe Programme, but we will also explore other opportunities. https://www.sitra.fi/en/events/gaia-x-and-how-to-accelerate-growth-pathway-to-eu-funding/
For a country like Finland, which is full of innovations and startups, Gaia-X is a gateway for reaching the next step of the data economy ladder. The potential of this groundbreaking initiative is enormous and far-reaching.
Gaia-X is the answer to a massive demand for safe, secure and sovereign data across Europe. By merging hundreds of different organisations in different domain and from across the globe in a single endeavour, Gaia-X combines challenging use cases with innovative solutions to bring the most value out of the European data economy.
Gaia-X project is accelerating rapidly with the launch of Gaia-X regional hubs. We are pleased to invite you to our Gaia-X for Finland – Hub launch event.
During the event, you will learn about the role of a Gaia-X as a game-changer for data-driven businesses, hear about the strategy and operational model of the Finnish Gaia-X Hub and get insights from companies already involved in Gaia-X.
The event page: https://www.sitra.fi/en/events/gaia-x_for_finland_hub_launch/
Presentations:
Jaana Sinipuro, Project Director, Sitra
Hubert Tardieu, Independent Board Member in charge of relationship with governments
Lars Albäck, CEO, Vastuu Group
In the third part of the workshop series Smart Policies for Data, we will focus on two central building blocks – interoperability and balanced data sharing.
The presentations of the event:
- Szymon Lewandowski, DG CONNECT, European Commission
- Marko Turpeinen, CEO, 1001 Lakes
- Lars Nagel, CEO, International Data Spaces Association
EDF2014: Rüdiger Eichin, Research Manager at SAP AG, Germany: Deriving Value ...European Data Forum
Selected Talk by Rüdiger Eichin, Research Manager at SAP AG, Germany at the European Data Forum 2014, 20 March 2014 in Athens, Greece: Deriving Value from Big Data for Enterprise Performance Management.
Introduction to EOSCpilot project and topical activities in the area of EOSCEOSCpilot .eu
This presentation was given by Juan Bicarregui, STFC and EOSCpilot project coordinator, during 2nd EOSCpilot Governance Development Forum workshop, 3 October 2017, Tallin.
https://eoscpilot.eu/events/2nd-egdf-eoscpilot-governance-development-forum
Follow EOSCpilot on Twitter: https://twitter.com/eoscpilot
and LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/eoscpiloteu
EDF2014: Nikolaos Loutas, Manager at PwC Belgium, Business Models for Linked ...European Data Forum
Selected Talk by Nikolaos Loutas, Manager at PwC Belgium at the European Data Forum 2014, 19 March 2014 in Athens, Greece: Business Models for Linked Government Data: What lies beneath?
EU Investment Programs in AI and Blockchain Soren Gigler
This presentation provides an overview of EU investment programs in Artificial Intelligence and Blockchain technologies. It specifically covers the new AI and Blockchain Investment Fund of the European Commission, that support early stage and growth stage of highly innovative deep tech SMEs and startups.
EU- Digital Innovation and Scale Up Program Soren Gigler
Overview presentation about the Digital Innovation and Scale-up Initiative for Central, Eastern and South Eastern Europe (DISC). This EU initiative has developed a partnership with the World Bank/IFC, European Investment Bank/ European Investment Fund and the EBRD to address this existing investment gap in innovative deep tech companies in the CESEE region. The programs main objectives are to (i) enhance investments; (ii) strengthen technical assistance and (iii) promote an enabling environment focused on digital innovations and digital startups in the CESEE region.
Closing the Investment Gap for Deep Tech in Europe Soren Gigler
This presentation during the INTABA organised workshop, It describes the market failure in terms of investments in deep tech startups and SMEs in Europe. It provides an overview of the EU's investment program for AI and blockchain to support the early stage and scale-up of highly innovative startups and SMEs.
Lace project transforming workplace learning in manufacturing printableFabrizio Cardinali
LACE Project presentation on Manufacturing Training & Upskilling at the European Distance Education Conference in Zagreb, June 2014 by Fabrizio Cardinali, sedApta Group
To meet today’s IT demands and your future business requirements you need to transform and innovate to create the IT environment of the future. An environment that speeds new products and services to market and enhances the way your people work together and communicate.
With Technology Transformation Services, we are a trusted partner for your transformation journey with proven service management and transformation skills from Atos and strong partnerships with leading technology suppliers.
We work with you to jointly define your future target operating model, we realize the transformation project, end-to-end, and provide you support and maintenance services, while you keep control of your operations.
More information: http://canopy-cloud.com
In the third part of the workshop series Smart Policies for Data, we will focus on two central building blocks – interoperability and balanced data sharing.
The presentations of the event:
- Szymon Lewandowski, DG CONNECT, European Commission
- Marko Turpeinen, CEO, 1001 Lakes
- Lars Nagel, CEO, International Data Spaces Association
EDF2014: Rüdiger Eichin, Research Manager at SAP AG, Germany: Deriving Value ...European Data Forum
Selected Talk by Rüdiger Eichin, Research Manager at SAP AG, Germany at the European Data Forum 2014, 20 March 2014 in Athens, Greece: Deriving Value from Big Data for Enterprise Performance Management.
Introduction to EOSCpilot project and topical activities in the area of EOSCEOSCpilot .eu
This presentation was given by Juan Bicarregui, STFC and EOSCpilot project coordinator, during 2nd EOSCpilot Governance Development Forum workshop, 3 October 2017, Tallin.
https://eoscpilot.eu/events/2nd-egdf-eoscpilot-governance-development-forum
Follow EOSCpilot on Twitter: https://twitter.com/eoscpilot
and LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/eoscpiloteu
EDF2014: Nikolaos Loutas, Manager at PwC Belgium, Business Models for Linked ...European Data Forum
Selected Talk by Nikolaos Loutas, Manager at PwC Belgium at the European Data Forum 2014, 19 March 2014 in Athens, Greece: Business Models for Linked Government Data: What lies beneath?
EU Investment Programs in AI and Blockchain Soren Gigler
This presentation provides an overview of EU investment programs in Artificial Intelligence and Blockchain technologies. It specifically covers the new AI and Blockchain Investment Fund of the European Commission, that support early stage and growth stage of highly innovative deep tech SMEs and startups.
EU- Digital Innovation and Scale Up Program Soren Gigler
Overview presentation about the Digital Innovation and Scale-up Initiative for Central, Eastern and South Eastern Europe (DISC). This EU initiative has developed a partnership with the World Bank/IFC, European Investment Bank/ European Investment Fund and the EBRD to address this existing investment gap in innovative deep tech companies in the CESEE region. The programs main objectives are to (i) enhance investments; (ii) strengthen technical assistance and (iii) promote an enabling environment focused on digital innovations and digital startups in the CESEE region.
Closing the Investment Gap for Deep Tech in Europe Soren Gigler
This presentation during the INTABA organised workshop, It describes the market failure in terms of investments in deep tech startups and SMEs in Europe. It provides an overview of the EU's investment program for AI and blockchain to support the early stage and scale-up of highly innovative startups and SMEs.
Lace project transforming workplace learning in manufacturing printableFabrizio Cardinali
LACE Project presentation on Manufacturing Training & Upskilling at the European Distance Education Conference in Zagreb, June 2014 by Fabrizio Cardinali, sedApta Group
To meet today’s IT demands and your future business requirements you need to transform and innovate to create the IT environment of the future. An environment that speeds new products and services to market and enhances the way your people work together and communicate.
With Technology Transformation Services, we are a trusted partner for your transformation journey with proven service management and transformation skills from Atos and strong partnerships with leading technology suppliers.
We work with you to jointly define your future target operating model, we realize the transformation project, end-to-end, and provide you support and maintenance services, while you keep control of your operations.
More information: http://canopy-cloud.com
Data Pioneers - Roland Haeve (Atos Nederland) - Big data in organisatiesMultiscope
Roland Haeve is cross competence manager Big Data voor Atos Nederland. Roland heeft ruim 18 jaar ICT-ervaring in het aanbieden van complete oplossingen binnen onder andere Business Intelligence (BI) en Big Data (Analytics). Big Data is voor veel bedrijven nog pionieren en uitzoeken wat de mogelijkheden zijn. In zijn presentatie zal Roland ingaan op succesvolle Big Data cases. Hij zal hierbij niet enkel inzoomen op Nederland, maar ook bredere, Europese voorbeelden meenemen.
Quarto incontro del Progetto TAG in provincia di Arezzo: una guida ad un uso consapevole di Facebook e Twitter.
Privacy, impostazioni, termini e buoni consigli per utilizzare al meglio i social network.
http://grechi.it
The recent and fast expansion of OSS (Open-source software) communities has fostered research on how open source projects evolve and how their communities interact. Several research studies show that the inflow of new developers plays an important role in the longevity and the success of OSS projects. Beside that they also discovered that an high percentage of newcomers tend to leave the project because of the socio-technical barriers they meet when they join the project. However, such research effort did not generate yet concrete results in support retention and training of project newcomers. In this thesis dissertation we investigated problems arising when newcomers join software projects, and possible solutions to support them. Specifically, we studied (i) how newcomers behave during development activities and how they interact with others developers with the aim at (ii) developing tools and/or techniques for supporting them during the integration in the development team. Thus, among the various recommenders, we defined (i) a tool able to suggest appropriate mentors to newcomers during the training stage; then, with the aim at supporting newcomers during program comprehension we defined other two recommenders: a tool that (ii) generates high quality source code summaries and another tool able to (iii) provide descriptions of specific source code elements. For future work, we plan to improve the proposed recommenders and to integrate other kind of recommenders to better support newcomers in OSS projects.
Using IR methods for labeling source code artifacts: Is it worthwhile?Sebastiano Panichella
Information Retrieval (IR) techniques have been used for various software engineering tasks, including the labeling of software artifacts by extracting “keywords” from them. Such techniques include Vector Space Models, Latent Semantic Indexing, Latent Dirichlet Allocation, as well as customized heuristics extracting words from specific source code elements. This paper investigates how source code artifact labeling performed by IR techniques would overlap (and differ) from labeling performed by humans. This has been done by asking a group of subjects to label 20 classes from two Java software systems, JHotDraw and eXVantage. Results indicate that, in most cases, automatic labeling would be more similar to human-based labeling if using simpler techniques - e.g., using words from class and method names - that better reflect how humans behave. Instead, clustering-based approaches (LSI and LDA) are much more worthwhile to be used on source code artifacts having a high verbosity, as well as for artifacts requiring more effort to be manually labeled.
Development Emails Content Analyzer: Intention Mining in Developer DiscussionsSebastiano Panichella
Written development communication (e.g. mailing lists, issue trackers) constitutes a precious source of information to build recommenders for software engineers, for example aimed at suggesting experts, or at redocumenting existing source code. In this paper we propose a novel, semi-supervised approach
named DECA (Development Emails Content Analyzer) that uses Natural Language Parsing to classify the content of development emails according to their purpose (e.g. feature request, opinion asking, problem discovery, solution proposal, information giving etc), identifying email elements that can be used for specific tasks.
A study based on data from Qt and Ubuntu, highlights a high precision (90%) and recall (70%) of DECA in classifying email content, outperforming traditional machine learning strategies. Moreover, we successfully used DECA for re-documenting sourcecode of Eclipse and Lucene, improving the recall, while keeping high precision, of a previous approach based on ad-hoc heuristics.
Atos is an international information technology services company, delivering hi-tech transactional services, consulting, systems integration and managed services. Atos is focused on business technology that powers progress and helps organizations to create their firm of the future. It is the Worldwide Information Technology Partner for the Olympic Games and is quoted on the Paris Eurolist Market. Atos operates under the brands Atos, Atos Consulting & Technology Services, Atos Worldline and Atos Worldgrid.
Beyond CIO - Will there still be Architecture Management in 2025LeanIX GmbH
Ralf Schneider from Detecon explored the future of the CIO at EA Connect Days 2018 in Bonn. CIOs have to manage two main challenges: Cost/efficiency vs innovation/agility. His hypothesis is that operational IT skills will be increasingly less important while the skills to orchestrate the eco system.
As a company, if you feel the ambition to make or develop smart products, you encounter several challenges while doing so. This presentation wants to give you some inspiration in order to select some relevant topics in the context of building smart product for your company.
Introducing smart products involves many different aspects. It is often a more complex discussion than on enabling technologies alone. It can require rethinking of the actual technology & product development, of organizational, engineering & design aspects or even impact your current business model, revenue streams or the market your are in. On the other hand you as a company might be in possession of technology that can enable other companies to create smart products.
EDF2014: Stefan Wrobel, Institute Director, Fraunhofer IAIS / Member of the b...European Data Forum
Opening Keynote by Stefan Wrobel, Institute Director, Fraunhofer IAIS / Member of the board of BITKOM working group Big Data at the European Data Forum 2014, 19 March 2014 in Athens, Greece: Value of Big Data - From Data-Driven Enterprises to a Data-driven Economy
Big Data Brussels 2019 v.4.0 I 'How to Build Big Data Analytics Capabilities ...Dataconomy Media
One of the big challenges of organisations today, is leveraging analytics to convert Big data into actionable decisions. This necessarily goes through building the necessary capabilities. These capabilities need to be the right mix of People, Processes and Platforms. The talk will take each of these components and discuss them.
EDI's view on Digital Innovation Hubs Working Group Meeting on Big Data and A...
Big Data Public-Private Forum_Meta Forum 2012
1. 20/06/2012
Tomás Pariente
Text Analytics and Big Data
META-FORUM 2012
Brussels, 20th June 2012
Tomás Pariente
Atos Research & Innovation
1
2. 20/06/2012
Table of Contents Tomás Pariente
1. Atos and why we are here
2. Examples
3. BIG: Big Data Public Private Forum
2
2
3. 20/06/2012
Atos: Tomás Pariente
The company
Atos is an international information technology
services company,
delivering hi-tech transactional services,
consulting, systems integration and managed
services.
▶Annual revenues of € 8,7 billion (pro-forma 2010).
▶Over 78,500 business technologists worldwide
in 42 countries.
▶Worldwide headquarters in Bezons / Paris, France.
▶Established on July 2011 with the integration of Atos Origin
and Siemens IT Solutions and Services
3
4. 20/06/2012
Atos: Tomás Pariente
From critical IT to business support
Technology Services
Consulting &
Integration
Systems
Transforming Delivering
business through seamless business
innovation systems
leveraging
Information
Technologies
Advancing business Transforming IT
strategy through infrastructure and
Transactional
innovative business operations
Services
Services
Managed
processing solutions revenues
4
5. 20/06/2012
Atos: Tomás Pariente
From vision to Innovation
Innovation is in our company DNA
Innovation can be seen everywhere and particularly:
▶ in our set of Innovative Offerings growing over 10% a year.
▶ in our innovation policy involving every single employee’s
ideas through our social platforms.
▶ in the works of our scientific community actively upgrading
our vision of the technologies for the future.
▶ in the Research and Innovation group of Atos, applying
the latest research results to opportunities where clients
need solutions that go beyond market’s offer.
This is how we are able to constantly propose new solutions
and ideas to our clients, and to help them invent their own new
way towards growth and profitability.
5
6. 20/06/2012
Atos Research & Innovation Tomás Pariente
Main Activities
R&D&I since 1987
180 ongoing Projects
▶ Atos R&D hub Of which, 105 EU R&D&I
▶ Involved in projects that combine advanced
technological developments with commercial
Research »
exploitation ▶ Project management
▶ Usually working in international partnerships ▶ Technical consulting
▶ A source of innovative ideas to be used by the ▶ Technology development
R&D
company’s sales and technical staff ▶ Market studies & project
results exploitation plans
Innovation »
&I
Consulting »
▶ Bring research outcomes ▶ Strategic R&D&I consulting
to Atos’ customers
▶ Emerging technologies
▶ Support the sales force as expertise
“technical backstage”
▶ Technology watch
▶ Business development
6
7. 20/06/2012
Atos Research & Innovation Tomás Pariente
Why we are here: Knowledge Lab
▶ Main capabilities:
– Semantic Technologies
– Language Technologies
– Big Data
– Linked Data
Semantics
Language
Technologies
“Big Data and
Semantics”
Data
Linked
Big Data
BIG Project
7
8. 20/06/2012
Table of Contents Tomás Pariente
1. Atos and why we are here
2. Examples
3. BIG: Big Data Public Private Forum
8
8
9. A use case in Atos: Olympic Games 20/06/2012
Tomás Pariente
(increasing demand of data processing, storage
and innovative applications)
9
10. 20/06/2012
Khresmoi Project Tomás Pariente
▶ KHRESMOI aims to build a multi-lingual, multi-modal search and access
system for biomedical information and documents. The system will allow
access to biomedical data:
from many sources,
analyzing and indexing multi-dimensional (2D, 3D, 4D)
medical images,
with improved search capabilities due to the integration of
technologies to link the texts and images to facts in a
knowledge base,
in a multi-lingual environment,
providing trustable results at a level of understandability
adapted to the users.
Integrated Project
Sep 2010 - Aug 2014
http://www.khresmoi.eu/
10
11. 20/06/2012
A growing universe of Tomás Pariente
unstructured data
… created and accessible from almost everywhere
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11
12. 20/06/2012
A growing universe of Tomás Pariente
unstructured data
… ¿cómo separar el grano
de la paja ?
… created and accessible from almost everywhere
… how to separate the wheat
from the chaff ?
12
12
13. 20/06/2012
FIRST Project Tomás Pariente
is to make available the relevant information
of the financial information space
(including unreliable, unstructured, sentiment sources)
to the decision maker in near-real time
in an automated way
http://project-first.eu
13
13
14. 20/06/2012
FIRST Tomás Pariente
Mining the Web for financial texts
Some numbers
•176 Web sites
•2,671 RSS sources
•~40,000 documents per day
•>8,000,000 documents and growing
•~13,000 tweets per weekday, for
~1,800 NASDAQ/NYSE stocks
Natural Language preprocessing ($GOOG, $MSFT…)
and entity extraction
Sentiment DSS
Streaming
About
Cleaning
Financial
objects
Financial terms,
Companies, Instruments …
14
15. 20/06/2012
Table of Contents Tomás Pariente
1. Atos and why we are here
2. Examples
3. BIG: Big Data Public Private Forum
15
15
16. 20/06/2012
BIG: Key facts Tomás Pariente
▶ Type of project: Coordination Action (CA)
▶ Duration: 26 months
▶ August 2012 – October 2014
▶ Budget: 3,055 Meuro
▶ Funding: 2,5 Meuro
▶ Consortium: 11 partners
Overall objective
Address technical, business and policy
aspects of Big Data with the aims of
shaping the future of the area, positioning it
in H2020 and bringing the necessary
stakeholders into a self-sustainable
industrially-led initiative to enhance EU
competitiveness taking full advantage of
Big Data.
16
17. 20/06/2012
BIG: project structure Tomás Pariente
Industry driven working groups
Manufacturing,
Finance & Telco, Media &
Health Public Sector Retail, Energy,
insurance Entertainment
Transport
Needs Supply
Value Chain
Data Data Data Data
Data acquisition
analysis curation storage usage
• Data preprocessing
• Structured data • Decision support
• Semantic analysis • Trust
• Unstructured Data • RDBMS limitations • Decision making
• Sentiment analysis • Provenance
• Event processing • NOSQL • Automatic steps
• Other features • Data augmentation
• Sensors networks • Cloud storage • Domain-specific
analysis • Data validation
• Streams usage
• Data correlation
Technical areas
19
18. 20/06/2012
BIG: major activities Tomás Pariente
Technology state of art and sector analysis
Definition of the proposed application Assess the impact/applicability of the
sectors different technologies
Roadmapping activity
Individual roadmap elaboration Roadmap consolidation
(per sector) (cross-sectorial)
Big Data Public Private Forum
Impact Assessment Sustainability Towards Horizon 2020
Big Data
initiavive
definition
20
19. 20/06/2012
BIG Philosophy Tomás Pariente
▶ Presence of the right profiles in the
consortium to drive this process to the
level of influence and impact we are EIP, Digital Agenda,
aiming for EU Directives, BIG Objective: Enable
▶ Involve stakeholders from EU industry Economic Drivers… and enhance mapping
between TD and BU
and officers at the right level issues
▶ An open philosophy will be applied to all
the documents generated by the project,
which will be made public to a wider
community for active contribution and
content validation.
▶ BIG is by nature a cross-disciplinary
initiative with many angles.
▶ Reach a coherent and sensible result that FP7 Projects, WG
satisfies the research community and high inputs, Research
level decision makers at the same time. agenda…
Thus a top-down and bottom-up
approach have been defined.
21