The document discusses the history and evolution of environmentalism from the industrial revolution through present day. It traces key events from 1850 when nature writers first brought attention to environmental impacts, through the birth of the environmental movement in the 1960s, increasing international cooperation in the 1970s, and major Earth summits in the 1980s-2000s. The document also outlines major international environmental issues and examines the causes and effects of industrial pollution, approaches to waste management and pollution control, and specific pollution prevention methods.

1. Module 5
Environment Concerns and
corporations
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2. History Of Environmentalism
• Between 1730 and 1850 , the industrial
revolution sparked an unparalleled wave of
mining, forest clearance, and land drainage. It
was also a period of building of great factories.
Jobs and economic development ruled.
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3. • 1850-1900- Environmentalists find their tongue-
By 1850 ,nature writers were evoking the power of
the land and talking in terms of a respect for
nature.
• 1900-1950s- The growing awareness-
People started realizing the importance of
environment and its impact on nature.
Lots of companies started giving more awareness
towards environmental concerns
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4. 1960s- The movement is born
• Lot more agitation were born in this movement.
There has been too much importance given to
the environment in this movement.
• Industries started concentrating more on
environment concerns.
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5. 1970s-International co-operation
• Lots of national and international conferences
happened in this decade with the objective to
enhance and focus more environmental issues
• People started realizing more about the issues
that has been taking place
• Ex; like Global Summit G20 where various
nations will be discussing the environmental
issues
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6. 1980-s Small steps
• The year 1982 was Earth summit time again. But
the cold war was its heights , the world was
distracted, and the meeting, held in
Nairobi,Kenya, was considered ineffective
• Astronomers complained of light pollution,
making it difficult to observe the night sky.
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7. 1990s-The warming planet
• This decade’s Earth summit occurred in Rio,
Brazil, in 1992. it emphasized how the planet’s
environmental problems are linked to the
economy and social justice issues. The world
leaders agreed to combat global warming,
protect bio diversity and stop using dangerous
poisons
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2002-Johannesberg Earth
summit(Joburg 02)
• We go back to the Africa for the fourth earth
summit. In August 2002,65000 politicians ,
numerous NGOs to review the situation
• But this summit has been roundly condemned
by environmentalists, claiming the event was
hijacked by corporate interests.
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9. International issues
• Climate change
• Conservation
• Energy
• Environmental degradation
• Environmental Health
• Genetic engineering
• Land degradation
• Soil
• Nanotechnology
• Nuclear issues
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10. • Air pollution
• Ozone depletion
• Water pollution
• reserviours
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11. Industrial pollution
• Causes of industrial pollution
1. Indiscriminate burning of bushes and
discharge of dangerous chemicals in the
environment
2. Industrialization is the main cause of
pollution, because more industries increase
than there would be pollution itself
3. Not maintaining industrial machines which
create a lot of friction in machines
4. Use of low quality coal
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12. Effects of industrial pollution
• Global warming
• Air pollution
• Water pollution
• Soil pollution
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13. Waste management
• Waste management is not a minor issue for a
country but it is a huge accountability on
country to reuse and dispose the waste products
from different sources properly
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14. Pollution control
• Implementation of waste minimization
techniques and adoption of appropriate
pollution control measures
• Discard and discourage technologies which do
not confirm to the quality of products.
• Spreading awareness messages through
programs for the prospective and existing
entrepreneurs on usuage of cleaner technologies
and pollution control measures
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15. • Waste minimization for improvement of
productivity and creation of waste minimization
circle.
• An additional system of taxation to be
introduced based on concentration of waste
• Encourage industry to regard pollution as an
economic problem.
• To decide the cost of water,power,fuel, through
market instruments.
• Tax exemption on waste selling, resource
recovery and reuse to be introduced
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16. Pollution prevention methods
• Design: products, buildings and manufacturing
systems can be made resource efficient throughout
their life cycle by incorporating environmental
consideration in to their design
• Process change: rethinking manufacturing process
can turn up ways to reduce production waste,
cutting both pollution costs.
• Material substitution: alternative materials for
cleaning, coating, lubrication and other production
processes can provide equivalent results while
preventing costly hazardous waste generation, air
emissions and worker health risks
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17. Material Reuse: one company’s wastes may be
another company’s raw materials. Finding
markets for them can reduce solid waste, lessen
consumption of virgin resources, increase
income for the sellers, and provide an
economical resource supply for the buyers.
Resource efficiency: Using energy, water and
other production inputs more efficiently helps
keep air and water clean, reduces emissions of
greenhouse gases, cuts operating costs, and
improves productivity.
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18. • Improved work practices: Rethinking day to day
operations and maintenance activities can help
managers root out wasteful management
practices that drive up the costs and cause
pollution
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