Group Members Leader : Ng Jia Woei Members : Lee Beun Yew Lee Chiew Wen Jason Deong Teh Hang Ming Recycling is important to address global warming by reducing waste and energy usage. Recyclable materials include glass, paper, aluminum, asphalt, iron, textiles and plastics. Recycling has a long history and was encouraged during World Wars for resources. It helps conserve resources and energy compared to raw material production. Let's participate in recycling to care for our earth.

1. Group Members Leader : Ng Jia Woei Members : Lee Beun Yew Lee Chiew Wen Jason Deong Teh Hang Ming

3. Recycling

4. Nowadays, we are facing an urgent issue that the temperature of the earth is increasing. What’s causes this phenomena? Is the global warming? Hence, what should we do to help reducing this problems? The only things that we should do is coming out with some solutions. The simple and easy things that we could do is taking part in the activities of recycling or seminar involving about the benefits of recycling. All in all, this is the purpose that we choosing recycling to be our topic of project. Introduction

5. Recycling is the reprocessing of materials into new products. Recycling generally prevents the waste of potentially useful materials, reduces the consumption of raw materials and reduces energy usage, and hence greenhouse gas emissions, compared to virgin production. What is recycling?

6. Recycling is a key concept of modern waste management and is the third component of the waste hierarchy. Recyclable materials , also known as " recyclables " or " recyclates “. Recyclable materials include glass, paper , aluminium , asphalt , iron , textiles and plastics . Biodegradable waste .

7. Recyclates are sorted and separated into material types. Contamination of the recylates with other materials must be prevented to increase the recyclates' value and facilitate easier reprocessing for the ultimate recycling facility. The term recycling does not generally include reuse, in which existing items are used for a new purpose.

8. Recycling has been a common practice throughout human history. In pre-industrial times , scrap made of bronze and other precious metals were collected in Europe and melted down for perpetual reuse, and in Britain dust and ash from wood and coal fires was down cycled as a base material in brick making. The history of recycling

9. Paper recycling began in Britain in 1921. Resource shortages caused by the world wars , and other such world-changing occurrences greatly encouraged recycling. Massive government promotion campaigns were carried out in World War II in every country involved in the war, urging citizens to donate metals and conserve fiber, as a matter of significant patriotic importance.

10. Resource conservation programs established during the war were continued in some countries without an abundance of natural resources, such as Japan, after the war ended . The next big investment in recycling occurred in the 1970s , due to rising energy costs recycling aluminum uses only 5% of the energy required by virgin production.

11. The passage of the Clean Water Act of 1977 in the USA created strong demand for bleached paper. In 1973, California began one of the first curbside collection programs with monthly pick ups of newspapers from residences.

12. In 1987 , the Mobro 4000 barge hauled garbage from New York to North Carolina, where it had been denied. It was then sent to Belize, where it was denied as well. Finally, the barge returned to New York and the garbage was incinerated. The incident led to heated discussions about waste disposal and recycling.

13. In 1989, Berkeley banned the use of polystyrene packaging for keeping McDonald's hamburgers warm . One effect of this ban was to raise the ire of management at Dow Chemical , the world's largest manufacturer of polystyrene, which led to the first major effort to show that plastics can be recycled. By 1999, there were 1,677 companies in the USA alone involved in the post-consumer plastics recycling business.

14. Recycling is beneficial in two ways: it reduces the inputs (energy and raw materials) to a production system and reduces the amount of waste produced for disposal. A study conducted by the Technical University of Denmark found that in 80% of cases, recycling is the most efficient method to dispose of household waste. The Benefits of Recycling

15. Recycling aluminium saves 95% of the energy cost of processing new aluminium. Recycling plastic saves 70% of the energy used in creating new plastic, and paper recycling saves 40% of the energy required to make a new product.

16. However, the mines do provide employment and revenue to the local population and economy, promoting development of the country as a whole. The most commonly used methods for waste disposal may be environmentally damaging and unsustainable.

17. Therefore any way to reduce the volume of waste being disposed in this fashion may be beneficial. The maximum environmental benefit is gained by waste minimization and reusing items in their current form such as refilling bottles.

18. Increasing collections of separated wastes adds to vehicle movements and the production of carbon dioxide . This may be negated however by centralized facilities. Recycled materials also sometimes cost more financially than their non-recycled versions. The Drawbacks and Criticism of Recycling

19. During the autumn of 2006, the European Union banned the export of liquid mercury, and a life-cycle analysis prior to institution of recycling programs may reduce the risk of unintended environmental consequences. For some products , recycling is more expensive than landfill disposal unless externalities are considered .

20. The financial costs of recycling some materials outweigh the environmental benefits. The environmental benefits of recycling do not compensate for the extra effort it may require.

21. According to an article in The New York Times by John Tierney , government mandated recycling wastes more resources than it saves . Some highlights from the article: In cases where recycling truly does save resources, such as with large scraps of aluminum, this will be reflected in market prices, and voluntary recycling will take place. Each year the United States fills up less than 10 square miles of landfill space. Once full, much of that land gets turned into parks.

22. Tree farmers plant more trees than they cut down. Recycling uses up more resources than it saves. Today's modern landfills are much cleaner and safer than the landfills of the past.

23. Tyres Biodegradable waste Automobiles Timber Textiles Glass Plastic Aggregates & concrete Recyclable Materials

24. Batteries Paper Ferrous metals Non-ferrous metals Printer ink cartridges & toners

25. As our knowledgement, recycling is a key concept of modern waste management and is the third component of the waste hierarchy. Recycling is very important to our life. Hence, as a human being that live in this beautiful and nice earth, we should take care about the problems or troubles that appear. Let’s enjoy the activities of recycling. Conclusion

26. The End

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