Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) was developed in the mid-20th century and is based on the theory that thoughts, feelings, and behaviors interact and influence each other. The founders of CBT, Albert Ellis and Aaron Beck, developed rational emotive therapy and cognitive therapy respectively which focused on identifying and changing maladaptive thought patterns. CBT uses techniques like journaling, modeling, and cognitive rehearsal to help clients recognize unhealthy thought patterns and behaviors and replace them with more adaptive ones. CBT has been shown to be effective for treating conditions like depression, anxiety, eating disorders, and substance abuse.
Psychotherapy, or talk therapy, is a way to help people with a broad variety of mental illnesses and emotional difficulties. Psychotherapy can help eliminate or control troubling symptoms so a person can function better and can increase well-being and healing.
Hi!
I am SHIV PRAKASH (PhD Research Scholar),This slide presentation, I have created it for teaching purpose. I have used this slide to present the concept of CBT for Nursing Student in the department of psychiatry, I.M.S. Banaras Hindu University in Varanasi.
I hope this will be help full for everyone.
Thank you!
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New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
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is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
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5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
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disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
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from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
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the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
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Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
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The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
1. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
So it is too that in the eyes of the world it is dangerous to venture. And why?
Because one may lose. But not to venture is shrewd. And yet, by not venturing,
it is so dreadfully easy to lose that which it would be diffi cult to lose in even the
most venturesome venture, and in any case never so easily, so completely as if it
were nothing . . . one’s self.
—Kierkegaard, Th e Sickness Unto Death (1849)
2. premise of the theory
Thoughts lead to feelings: feeling lead to
actions/behaviors that are harmful or damaging to a
person’s life.
Through close inspection of one’s thoughts, through
which you build a stronger understanding of self, you
can learn, through hard work with a therapist, you
can learn to anticipate these thoughts and avoid
situations where they may be prompted.
3. the
founder(s)
Albert Ellis developed Rational Emotive Therapy (RET)
Aaron Beck developed Cognitive therapy (CT)
Edward Thorndike first to use the term behavior modification
Judith Beck followed in her father’s (Aaron Beck) footsteps to become
a prominent figure in the world of cognitive therapy
4. when it was developed
CBT developed in three waves:
The first wave that developed was Rational Emotive Therapy (RET),
which was originated by Albert Ellis, Ph.D. in the mid-1950's.
The second wave happened in the 1960's, Aaron Beck, M.D.
developed his approach called Cognitive Therapy.
The third wave includes people like Judith Beck who started to
introduce it as a potentially useful technique, from which positive
there were clear beneficial results
5. key concepts surrounding the theory
“When I know my mind I can see that
while the past behavior is now
understandable, it is no longer
necessary.”
The goal is self understanding.
Structures reduces uncertainty; it
strengthens the possibility of a useful
process and beneficial results.
It is possible to restructure the brain and
reroute well-worn, harmful, unhealthy
pathways.
6. key vocabulary relevant to the theory
• Behavioral homework assignments: real-life "behavioral experiments" where clients are encouraged to try out new
responses to situations discussed in therapy sessions.
• Cognitive rehearsal: a technique where the client imagines a difficult situation and the therapist guides him
through the step-by-step process of facing and successfully dealing with it. The client then works on practicing, or
rehearsing, these steps mentally. Ideally, when the situation arises in real life, the client will draw on the rehearsed
behavior to address it.
• Journal: a way the client can keep track of recounting their thoughts, feelings, and actions when specific situations
arise. The journal helps to make the patient aware of his or her maladaptive thoughts and to show their
consequences on behavior. In later stages of therapy, it may serve to demonstrate and reinforce positive behaviors.
• Modeling: role-playing exercises in which the therapist acts out appropriate behaviors or responses to situations.
• Conditioning: reinforcement to encourage a particular behavior.
• Systematic desensitization: where the client imagines a situation they fear and the therapist employs techniques to
help the client cope with their fear reaction and eventually eliminate the anxiety related to doing or not doing the
behavior altogether.
• Validity testing: testing the validity of the automatic thoughts; asking the client to defend or produce evidence that
a what they are thinking is true.
7. with what diagnoses or family groups the
theory is best used
Any time there is a behavior problem; CBT is useful. With families,
who are discouraged by repetitive behaviors, it is helpful for the
whole family to understand the process. To parents of a child with
such problems, it is encouraging to know that “work” is being put into
solving the problem. There is homework, forming a plan, then
adjusting the plan, etc.
The diagnosis that CBT is most helpful with are eating disorders,
obsessive compulsive disorder, substance use disorders, and anxiety
disorders.
8. a mock case study
A 15 year old female is eventually diagnosed with Anorexia after over a year of
symptomatic behavior resulting in poor healthy a degraded social/school/family life.
In the intervention, a family therapist gathers her family and begins introducing them to
CBT. As a form of behavior therapy, the therapist explains to the family that their
daughter’s aren’t intentional; they are symptomatic of a whole separate problem based
on thoughts and feelings.
Further, the therapist consoles the family that once the root of the problem (what
thoughts and feelings (resulting from mistaken beliefs or past experiences) are fueling
these behaviors) is discovered, healing can begin to happen. However, the behaviors
must be reduced first; a clarity needs to be established before self-inspection can
happen.
The therapist tells the family about CBT, how the technique will help their daughter
observe her thoughts/urges to behave a certain way, and not let them affect her. Also
important in the session with the family is that CBT involves trying, and maybe failing
along the way to self-understanding and control of ones thoughts.
9. References
• Griffith, Jane & Powers, Robert L. (2012). The Key to Psychotherapy.
Adlerian Psychology Associates, Ltd. WA
• Beck, Judith (2011). Cognitive Behavior Therapy, Second Edition:
Basics and Beyond (2nd edition). The Guilford Press IL
• Corey, Gerald (2013). Theory and Practice of counseling and
psychotherapy (9th edition). Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole