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The document discusses various techniques for computer network attacks, including IP fragmentation attacks, sniffers, session hijacking, and DNS cache poisoning. IP fragmentation can be used to bypass firewalls and intrusion detection systems. Sniffers are tools that capture network traffic, which attackers use to gather passwords and escalate access. Session hijacking allows stealing interactive user sessions. DNS cache poisoning tricks DNS servers into providing incorrect IP addresses to redirect users. Defenses include encryption, authentication, firewalls, and securing DNS servers.
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Since 2007 GOFORTUTION.coM is the search engine of tutors & Students in Delhi and all over India .It provides cheapest and best home tutors to students and it also helps to Tutors who are seeking students for home tution. We at Mentor Me provide highly qualified, result oriented, enthusiastic and responsible tutors for all classes, all subjects and in all locations across Delhi & all over India. Here we have tutors for all subjects of CBSE, ICSE,B.com, B.Sc, BBA, BCA,MBA,CA,CS,MCA,BCA,”O” Level, “A” Level etc.GOFORTUTION is a best portal for tutors and students it is not only a site.
gofortution
Since 2007 GOFORTUTION.coM is the search engine of tutors & Students in Delhi and all over India .It provides cheapest and best home tutors to students and it also helps to Tutors who are seeking students for home tution. We at Mentor Me provide highly qualified, result oriented, enthusiastic and responsible tutors for all classes, all subjects and in all locations across Delhi & all over India. Here we have tutors for all subjects of CBSE, ICSE,B.com, B.Sc, BBA, BCA,MBA,CA,CS,MCA,BCA,”O” Level, “A” Level etc.GOFORTUTION is a best portal for tutors and students it is not only a site.
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- 1. Computer & Network Hacker Exploits Step-by step Part 2
- 5. Attacker Firewall IP=10.1.1.1 IP=10.2.1.10 Port 80 Port 23 IDS Penetration – IP Fragments Server
- 7. tcp ip ip Normal IP Fragmentation Penetration – IP Fragments To support different transmission media, IP allows for the breaking up of single large packets into smaller packets, called fragments. The higher‑level protocol carried in IP (usually TCP or UDP) is split up among the various fragments. ip tcp ip tcp ip tcp ip tcp ip tcp ip tcp
- 8. Tiny Fragment Attack Penetration – IP Fragments tcp ip ip Make a fragment small enough so that the TCP header is split between two fragments. The port number will be in the second fragment. ip tcp ip tcp ip tcp ip tcp ip tcp ip tcp ip
- 11. Attacker Firewall IDS Penetration – IP Fragments Fragment 1 (part of tcp header) Fragment 2(rest of tcp header) Tcp port unknown All IP fragments are re-assembled Server ip tcp ip tcp
- 13. Attacker Firewall IDS Penetration – IP Fragments Fragment 1 (Packet is for port 80) Tcp port 80. OK! All IP fragments are re-assembled Fragment Overlap attack ‑ In the second fragment, lie about the offset from the first fragment. When the packet is reconstructed at the protected server, the port number will be overwritten. Fragment 2 (Packet says is for port 80), however, I have an offset, say 12, and After overlaying, the TCP header will read port 23! Second IP fragment was just a fragment of the first. That is OK too! Server ip tcp ip tcp
- 16. Sniffers
- 19. HUB Blah, blah , blah Blah, blah , blah Blah, blah , blah Blah, blah , blah BROADCAST ETHERNET
- 20. HUB Blah, blah , blah Blah, blah , blah Blah, blah , blah Blah, blah , blah BROADCAST ETHERNET
- 21. SWITCH Blah blah blah Blah, blah , blah SWITCHED ETHERNET
- 31. Alice Eve Alice telnets to do some work.. Eve is on a segment of the lan where she can sniff, or on a point in the path. Bob
- 32. Alice Eve Alice telnets to do some work.. Attacker can monitor and generate packets with the same sequence number. “ Hi, I am Alice” Eve uses a session hijacking tool to observe the session. at Eve's command, the session hijacking tool jumps in and continues the session with Bob. Attacker can kick Alice off and make any changes on B. The logs will show that Alice made the changes Bob
- 33. Alice Eve Session Hijacking: Ack Storms If the attacker just jumps in on a session, starting to spoof packets, the sequence numbers between the two sides will get out of synch As the two sides try to resynchronize, they will resend SYNs and ACKs back and forth trying to figure out what's wrong, resulting in an ACK storm SYN (A, SNa) ACK (SNb) SYN (B, SNb) ACK (SLNa) SYN(A,Sna) ACK(SNb) Bob
- 37. Alice Eve MAC=CC.CC “ ARP w.x.y.z is at DD.DD” “ ARP a.b.c.d is at EE.EE” Ip=w.x.y.z MAC=BB.BB Ip=a.b.c.d MAC=AA.AA Eve send a Gratuitous ARP broadcast message Bob
- 43. Domain Name System (DNS) Cache Poisoning
- 45. www.ebay.com www.ebay.com www.ebay.com www.ebay.com Client Local Nameserver Root Name Server .com Name Server ebay.com Name Server Referral to .com Referral to ebay.com The Answer! 216.32.120.133 Clients use a "resolver" to access DNS servers Most common DNS server is BIND, Berkeley Internet Name Domain DNS servers query each other
- 48. Alice, a happy bank customer Evil Attacker Dns.bank.com name server Alice wants to access. Dsn.good.com Alice’s unsuspecting DNS Server Dns.evil.com, Evil’s DNS server owned by evil www.bank.com, Alice’s online bank.
- 49. DNS Cache Poisoning Alice Dsn.good.com Evil Dns.evil.com www.bank.com Dns.bank.com STEP 1: Any.evil.com STEP 2: Any.evil.com STEP 3: store the query ID
- 50. DNS Cache Poisoning Alice Dsn.good.com Evil Dns.evil.com www.bank.com Dns.bank.com STEP 4: www.bank.com STEP 6: Spoofed ans: www.bank.com=w.x.y.z STEP 5: www.bank.com STEP 7: www.bank.com= w.x.y.z
- 51. DNS Cache Poisoning Alice Dsn.good.com Evil Dns.evil.com www.bank.com Dns.bank.com STEP 8: www.bank.com? In Cache: www.bank.com= w.x.y.z STEP 9: w.x.y.z STEP 10: Let’s Bank!!!!
- 55. Rootkits