Landscape-Scale Assessments for Strategic Targeting of
Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Practices in East Africa
Poster presented at the 3rd Global Science Conference on Climate-Smart Agriculture in Montpellier.
Read more: http://ccafs.cgiar.org/3rd-global-science-conference-%E2%80%9Cclimate-smart-agriculture-2015%E2%80%9D#.VRurLUesXX4
Forest management and below-ground litter: Carbon dynamics of UK forest soilsMauro Lanfranchi
The UK has committed to a reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 80% by 2050. Attainment of this goal will require that all sectors of British industry search for sensible and meaningful approaches to reducing emissions and improving net carbon (C) sequestration in terrestrial bodies. Forests and woodlands are a key component of the global C cycle, and their effective management at global and regional scales is an important mechanism for reducing atmospheric GHG concentrations.
The effect of land use planning on agricultural productivity capability (case...Innspub Net
The objective of this study was to analyze the enhancement of agricultural productivity capability with reference to land use planning programs at Azaran watershed in Kashan,Iran.For this purpose, first land use map of 2007 has been generated using Landsat satellite images and Land use map for future(Land use planning) generated using Systemic and Makhdoum (1987) evaluation model. Then, agricultural productivity data of this region in 2007 was collected by related questionnaire and cluster sampling. As result of this study, If land use planning programs will perform, the Gross income in the study region will increase by 36.1% and 36.19% and the Net income will increase 36.19% and 35.1% in a semi-mechanized and a mechanized way respectively. Get the full articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-6-number-5-may-2015-jbes/
2013 Poster Session, Geospatial Modeling of Mountain Pine Beetle Mortality by...GIS in the Rockies
Mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) has infested 3.4 million acres of forest in Colorado since 1996 and continues to spread throughout the forests of western North America. This project identified the severity and extent of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) tree mortality at Fraser Experimental Forest (FEF). We mapped the spatial extent and severity of the outbreak using the Software for Assisted Habitat Modeling (SAHM) and a boosted regression tree model. The model combined satellite imagery from the Landsat 5 TM sensor, a variety of spectral vegetation indices, differenced satellite images (pre- and post-infestation), and field data collected at FEF. The results yielded a continuous mortality map showing the ratio of dead lodgepole pine to the basal area of all trees. The model accuracy was tested in R and had a cross validation (CV) correlation of 0.782 and an adjusted r-squared of 0.8072. The methodology from this project can be scaled up to assess mountain pine beetle impacts at a regional level. Results from this study will be used to enhance forest management efforts in mitigating hazards from standing dead trees and will provide a foundation for further research into the impacts of mountain pine beetle on wildlife habitat, hydrology, and recreation.
Jatropha-based alley cropping system’s contribution to carbon sequestrationInnspub Net
The study was conducted to evaluate the total carbon stocks sequestered in a Jatropha – based alley cropping system treated with varying fertilizer applications. The study was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The alley was planted with corn in two seasons Treatments include control (no fertilizer), organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer applied to the alley crops. Findings showed that the treatments with fertilizer applications had higher carbon stock in the jatropha hedges. The carbon content of the corn stover was also higher in organic and inorganic fertilizer-applied treatments. However, highest soil carbon content was shown in treatments applied with organic fertilizer (4.28 Ton ha-1). The inorganic fertilizer treatment had the lowest soil carbon content with a mean of 4.28 Ton ha-1. In terms of total carbon stock of the entire jatropha-based alley cropping system, there was a significant difference among treatments with organic fertilizer application having the highest mean of 7.79 Ton ha-1 while the inorganic treated plots had 6.53 Ton ha-1. The no fertilizer treatment had the least carbon stocks with 6.53 Ton ha-1. This recent study revealed that the jatropha-based alley cropping system is a potential land-use for carbon sequestration. This farming system needs to be promoted in upland areas to function not only as soil and water conservation measures but also as a possible remedy for global warming. Get the Abstract and full articles at: http://www.innspub.net/ijaar/jatropha-based-alley-cropping-systems-contribution-to-carbon-sequestration/
Asia Regional Program Planning Meeting- Climate Change Impacts in AsiaICRISAT
Presentation by Dr Kesavarao AVR, Scientist, Agroclimatology, ICRISAT Development Center, Asia Regional Program, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) on 4 May 2016 at ICRISAT headquarters, Hyderabad, India. Presented at the Asia Regional Planning Meeting, ICRISAT, Patancheru
Report outlining the University of Adelaide and TERN's mapping of the ecological facets for continental Australia using globally consistent methods. The new maps capture the three major factors driving ecosystem formation-macroclimate, lithology and landform-with multiple spatial indicators. Vegetation structure has also been mapped and combined with the three indicators of ecosystem formation to produce 'ecological facets'.
Landscape-Scale Assessments for Strategic Targeting of
Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Practices in East Africa
Poster presented at the 3rd Global Science Conference on Climate-Smart Agriculture in Montpellier.
Read more: http://ccafs.cgiar.org/3rd-global-science-conference-%E2%80%9Cclimate-smart-agriculture-2015%E2%80%9D#.VRurLUesXX4
Forest management and below-ground litter: Carbon dynamics of UK forest soilsMauro Lanfranchi
The UK has committed to a reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 80% by 2050. Attainment of this goal will require that all sectors of British industry search for sensible and meaningful approaches to reducing emissions and improving net carbon (C) sequestration in terrestrial bodies. Forests and woodlands are a key component of the global C cycle, and their effective management at global and regional scales is an important mechanism for reducing atmospheric GHG concentrations.
The effect of land use planning on agricultural productivity capability (case...Innspub Net
The objective of this study was to analyze the enhancement of agricultural productivity capability with reference to land use planning programs at Azaran watershed in Kashan,Iran.For this purpose, first land use map of 2007 has been generated using Landsat satellite images and Land use map for future(Land use planning) generated using Systemic and Makhdoum (1987) evaluation model. Then, agricultural productivity data of this region in 2007 was collected by related questionnaire and cluster sampling. As result of this study, If land use planning programs will perform, the Gross income in the study region will increase by 36.1% and 36.19% and the Net income will increase 36.19% and 35.1% in a semi-mechanized and a mechanized way respectively. Get the full articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-6-number-5-may-2015-jbes/
2013 Poster Session, Geospatial Modeling of Mountain Pine Beetle Mortality by...GIS in the Rockies
Mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) has infested 3.4 million acres of forest in Colorado since 1996 and continues to spread throughout the forests of western North America. This project identified the severity and extent of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) tree mortality at Fraser Experimental Forest (FEF). We mapped the spatial extent and severity of the outbreak using the Software for Assisted Habitat Modeling (SAHM) and a boosted regression tree model. The model combined satellite imagery from the Landsat 5 TM sensor, a variety of spectral vegetation indices, differenced satellite images (pre- and post-infestation), and field data collected at FEF. The results yielded a continuous mortality map showing the ratio of dead lodgepole pine to the basal area of all trees. The model accuracy was tested in R and had a cross validation (CV) correlation of 0.782 and an adjusted r-squared of 0.8072. The methodology from this project can be scaled up to assess mountain pine beetle impacts at a regional level. Results from this study will be used to enhance forest management efforts in mitigating hazards from standing dead trees and will provide a foundation for further research into the impacts of mountain pine beetle on wildlife habitat, hydrology, and recreation.
Jatropha-based alley cropping system’s contribution to carbon sequestrationInnspub Net
The study was conducted to evaluate the total carbon stocks sequestered in a Jatropha – based alley cropping system treated with varying fertilizer applications. The study was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The alley was planted with corn in two seasons Treatments include control (no fertilizer), organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer applied to the alley crops. Findings showed that the treatments with fertilizer applications had higher carbon stock in the jatropha hedges. The carbon content of the corn stover was also higher in organic and inorganic fertilizer-applied treatments. However, highest soil carbon content was shown in treatments applied with organic fertilizer (4.28 Ton ha-1). The inorganic fertilizer treatment had the lowest soil carbon content with a mean of 4.28 Ton ha-1. In terms of total carbon stock of the entire jatropha-based alley cropping system, there was a significant difference among treatments with organic fertilizer application having the highest mean of 7.79 Ton ha-1 while the inorganic treated plots had 6.53 Ton ha-1. The no fertilizer treatment had the least carbon stocks with 6.53 Ton ha-1. This recent study revealed that the jatropha-based alley cropping system is a potential land-use for carbon sequestration. This farming system needs to be promoted in upland areas to function not only as soil and water conservation measures but also as a possible remedy for global warming. Get the Abstract and full articles at: http://www.innspub.net/ijaar/jatropha-based-alley-cropping-systems-contribution-to-carbon-sequestration/
Asia Regional Program Planning Meeting- Climate Change Impacts in AsiaICRISAT
Presentation by Dr Kesavarao AVR, Scientist, Agroclimatology, ICRISAT Development Center, Asia Regional Program, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) on 4 May 2016 at ICRISAT headquarters, Hyderabad, India. Presented at the Asia Regional Planning Meeting, ICRISAT, Patancheru
Report outlining the University of Adelaide and TERN's mapping of the ecological facets for continental Australia using globally consistent methods. The new maps capture the three major factors driving ecosystem formation-macroclimate, lithology and landform-with multiple spatial indicators. Vegetation structure has also been mapped and combined with the three indicators of ecosystem formation to produce 'ecological facets'.
Modeling soil and water dynamics in northern Ghanaafrica-rising
This poster - modeling soil and water dynamics in northern Ghana was presented by Davie Kadyampakeni (IWMI) at the 2016 Africa Soil Science Society Meeting in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.The poster presents the results from field and simulation studies of rainfall and run-off monitoring in rain fed maize-based cropping systems in northern Ghana under the Africa RISING program.
ABSTRACT. The Mediterranean terraced landscapes are mainly shaped by agrarian drainage systems. They are nowadays increasingly exposed to degradation as a consequence of their changed management. The aim of this research is to characterize the slope lands drainage systems, at the landscape scale, in a hilly Mediterranean context, in order to define action priorities for their “active conservation, based on structural and agronomic parameters.
RÉSUMÉ. Les paysages méditerranéens de terrasse sont souvent façonnés par des systèmes de drainage agricole. Ils sont aujourd'hui fortement exposés à des dégradations du fait de changements et abandon progressifs de leur gestion. L'objectif de la recherche présentée est de caractériser les systèmes de drainage des terrains en pente à l'échelle d'un territoire dans des secteurs de collines méditerranéennes, pour aider à définir des priorités d'interventions agronomiques, environnementales et socio-économiques pour préserver ces systèmes de drainage. La zone d'étude comprend 6 200ha, principalement couverte d'oliveraies, et située sur le versant sud-ouest du Monte Pisano (près de Pise en Toscane). La méthodologie mobilise le SIG et les techniques de la télédétection ; elle conduit à la caractérisation du territoire en termes agronomiques et de structure physique. Ceci permet de dégager des orientations de gestion de ces territoires pour assurer le maintien de leurs fonctions agro-environnementales.
________________
suggested citation: Rizzo D, Sabbatini T, Galli M, Bonari E (2006) Mediterranean landscapes characterization. SAGEO (Spatial Analysis and GEOmatics). Strasbourg (FRA).
Impact of Agricultural Management on Quality of Soil, Carbon Storage and Carb...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— The aim of this study was to characterize the carbon storage - Ec (Mg ha-1), carbon stratification ratio, carbon management index (CMI) in various systems use and management: a) Native forest (NF), b) improved pasture of Tanzania grass (TIP), c) degraded pasture of Tanzania grass (DP), d) hay area (H) with Urochloa (syn. Brachiaria sp) and e) Corn crop conventionally cultivated for 10 years (CTC). The experiment was conducted at Institute of Animal Science, at Sertaozinho, São Paulo State, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks with six replicates. The Ec, in Mg ha-1, adjusted variations in soil density, related to changes in land use were for native forest (112.9), improved pasture (81.6), system of conventional maize (78.2), field of hay (75.1) and degraded pasture (66.5). The highest values of carbon stratification (SR) were the forest (1.98), and lower in degraded pasture and conventional maize (1.10) - are considered poor in quality, while the improved pasture (1.28) and the area of hay (1.23 ) of media quality and while the forest considered great quality. For the different systems of use and management, low CMI values indicate a loss of soil quality related to native forest (100%), the values obtained in improved pasture (58%) indicate that there is potential for advances in the soil quality, adjusting grazing management and fertilization of annual replacement.
Crop is defined as an “Aggregation of individual plant species grown in a unit area for economic purpose”.
Growth is defined as an “Irreversible increase in size and volume and is the consequence of differentiation and distribution occurring in the plant”.
Simulation is defined as “Reproducing the essence of a system without reproducing the system itself”. In simulation the essential characteristics of the system are reproduced in a model, which is then studied in an abbreviated time scale.
Forecasting Biomass Loss and Carbon Released to the Atmosphere as a Result of...IJEAB
Terrestrial climate change predictions use various models that are based on atmospheric parameters combined with projected carbon emission scenarios. Increased levels of carbon emissions into the atmosphere are accelerated by human activities and are the main reason of climate change (CC). CC threatens networks of protected areas (PAs) and forced many species out of PAs. Unfenced PAs gives species opportunity to migrate from one PA to another or other unprotected areas to sustain their climatic niche. Many PAs in SADC countries including transfrontier conservation areas (TFCA) are unfenced; hence, connectivity of PAs uses corridors. However, many of these corridors are unprotected and advocacies adaptation of reserved fauna and flora under CC. This paper explains the less known amount of biomass loss and carbon released to the atmosphere as result of habitat conversion of eastern corridor of Selous – Niassa TFCA which connecting the two PAs of Tanzania and Mozambique. Specifically, the study predicts amount of biomass loss, amount of carbon released to the atmosphere and amount of conservation profit disposed as a result of habitat conversion from 2015 to 2035. Existing data on spatial and temporal changes in land use and land cover (LULC) of eastern corridor of Selous – Niassa TFCA from 1986 – 2016 was analysed and used to forecast LULC from 2015 to 2035 by using CA-Markov model. The forecasted LULC from 2015 to 2035 was analysed to get intended results. The results revealed that, an average amount of 29559.8 tons of biomass (above ground + below ground + deadwood) loss annually from 2015 to 2035. Consequently, average amount of 40217.2 tons of carbon (above ground + below ground + deadwood) released to the atmosphere annually from 2015 to 2035 equivalent to US$ 160868.6 per annum if REDD+ implemented. The study concludes that, there is a need to include virgin corridors into core PAs network or formulation of sustainable conservation strategies that will consider climatic niche of both flora and fauna without compromising livelihoods of corridor dwellers.
Presentation at the Global Alliance for Climate-Smart Agriculture (GACSA) Annual Forum June 15, 2016 in Rome, Italy.
by Meryl Richards, CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), Todd Rosenstock (ICRAF), Lini Wollenberg (CCAFS), Klaus Butterbach-Bahl (ILRI, KIT), Mariana Rufino (CIFOR, Leeds) and many others
Background concepts of landscape and territory agronomyDavide Rizzo
Agriculture faces big challenges, such as feeding a growing population and providing an increasing panel of ecosystem services. However, concurrent changes either of the land use (e.g., urban sprawl), of the land system structure (e.g., innovative crop-livestock integration) or of the production practices (e.g., the agroecology transition of production systems) occur unevenly in space and over time. Yet, land is a limited resource and agricultural seems to have attained the peak for major productions. Hence, neither the expansion nor the intensification of current production systems could answer the expectations, also because of the deprecated trade-offs on natural resources. Altogether, the development of smarter spatial configurations of agricultural activities appears to be the most effective way to address all of these rapid and wide dynamics. Accordingly, agronomy is urged to develop a landscape perspective to improve the understanding of farming evolutions and to inform future scenarios. In this lecture, we will describe the conceptual model proposed by “landscape agronomy” and how it can help to understand interactions between farming practices, landscape patterns and natural resources. In addition, we will compare it with the “territory” concept underpinning a participatory action science that addresses the relations between different land users and managers in the design of future rural land systems. Finally, we will apply the aforementioned concepts to the comparison of some land management units to stress the role of a landscape-oriented approach to farming system design.
Crop modeling for stress situations, cropping system , assessing stress through remote sensing, understanding the adaptive features of crops for survival under stress .
Modeling soil and water dynamics in northern Ghanaafrica-rising
This poster - modeling soil and water dynamics in northern Ghana was presented by Davie Kadyampakeni (IWMI) at the 2016 Africa Soil Science Society Meeting in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.The poster presents the results from field and simulation studies of rainfall and run-off monitoring in rain fed maize-based cropping systems in northern Ghana under the Africa RISING program.
ABSTRACT. The Mediterranean terraced landscapes are mainly shaped by agrarian drainage systems. They are nowadays increasingly exposed to degradation as a consequence of their changed management. The aim of this research is to characterize the slope lands drainage systems, at the landscape scale, in a hilly Mediterranean context, in order to define action priorities for their “active conservation, based on structural and agronomic parameters.
RÉSUMÉ. Les paysages méditerranéens de terrasse sont souvent façonnés par des systèmes de drainage agricole. Ils sont aujourd'hui fortement exposés à des dégradations du fait de changements et abandon progressifs de leur gestion. L'objectif de la recherche présentée est de caractériser les systèmes de drainage des terrains en pente à l'échelle d'un territoire dans des secteurs de collines méditerranéennes, pour aider à définir des priorités d'interventions agronomiques, environnementales et socio-économiques pour préserver ces systèmes de drainage. La zone d'étude comprend 6 200ha, principalement couverte d'oliveraies, et située sur le versant sud-ouest du Monte Pisano (près de Pise en Toscane). La méthodologie mobilise le SIG et les techniques de la télédétection ; elle conduit à la caractérisation du territoire en termes agronomiques et de structure physique. Ceci permet de dégager des orientations de gestion de ces territoires pour assurer le maintien de leurs fonctions agro-environnementales.
________________
suggested citation: Rizzo D, Sabbatini T, Galli M, Bonari E (2006) Mediterranean landscapes characterization. SAGEO (Spatial Analysis and GEOmatics). Strasbourg (FRA).
Impact of Agricultural Management on Quality of Soil, Carbon Storage and Carb...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— The aim of this study was to characterize the carbon storage - Ec (Mg ha-1), carbon stratification ratio, carbon management index (CMI) in various systems use and management: a) Native forest (NF), b) improved pasture of Tanzania grass (TIP), c) degraded pasture of Tanzania grass (DP), d) hay area (H) with Urochloa (syn. Brachiaria sp) and e) Corn crop conventionally cultivated for 10 years (CTC). The experiment was conducted at Institute of Animal Science, at Sertaozinho, São Paulo State, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks with six replicates. The Ec, in Mg ha-1, adjusted variations in soil density, related to changes in land use were for native forest (112.9), improved pasture (81.6), system of conventional maize (78.2), field of hay (75.1) and degraded pasture (66.5). The highest values of carbon stratification (SR) were the forest (1.98), and lower in degraded pasture and conventional maize (1.10) - are considered poor in quality, while the improved pasture (1.28) and the area of hay (1.23 ) of media quality and while the forest considered great quality. For the different systems of use and management, low CMI values indicate a loss of soil quality related to native forest (100%), the values obtained in improved pasture (58%) indicate that there is potential for advances in the soil quality, adjusting grazing management and fertilization of annual replacement.
Crop is defined as an “Aggregation of individual plant species grown in a unit area for economic purpose”.
Growth is defined as an “Irreversible increase in size and volume and is the consequence of differentiation and distribution occurring in the plant”.
Simulation is defined as “Reproducing the essence of a system without reproducing the system itself”. In simulation the essential characteristics of the system are reproduced in a model, which is then studied in an abbreviated time scale.
Forecasting Biomass Loss and Carbon Released to the Atmosphere as a Result of...IJEAB
Terrestrial climate change predictions use various models that are based on atmospheric parameters combined with projected carbon emission scenarios. Increased levels of carbon emissions into the atmosphere are accelerated by human activities and are the main reason of climate change (CC). CC threatens networks of protected areas (PAs) and forced many species out of PAs. Unfenced PAs gives species opportunity to migrate from one PA to another or other unprotected areas to sustain their climatic niche. Many PAs in SADC countries including transfrontier conservation areas (TFCA) are unfenced; hence, connectivity of PAs uses corridors. However, many of these corridors are unprotected and advocacies adaptation of reserved fauna and flora under CC. This paper explains the less known amount of biomass loss and carbon released to the atmosphere as result of habitat conversion of eastern corridor of Selous – Niassa TFCA which connecting the two PAs of Tanzania and Mozambique. Specifically, the study predicts amount of biomass loss, amount of carbon released to the atmosphere and amount of conservation profit disposed as a result of habitat conversion from 2015 to 2035. Existing data on spatial and temporal changes in land use and land cover (LULC) of eastern corridor of Selous – Niassa TFCA from 1986 – 2016 was analysed and used to forecast LULC from 2015 to 2035 by using CA-Markov model. The forecasted LULC from 2015 to 2035 was analysed to get intended results. The results revealed that, an average amount of 29559.8 tons of biomass (above ground + below ground + deadwood) loss annually from 2015 to 2035. Consequently, average amount of 40217.2 tons of carbon (above ground + below ground + deadwood) released to the atmosphere annually from 2015 to 2035 equivalent to US$ 160868.6 per annum if REDD+ implemented. The study concludes that, there is a need to include virgin corridors into core PAs network or formulation of sustainable conservation strategies that will consider climatic niche of both flora and fauna without compromising livelihoods of corridor dwellers.
Presentation at the Global Alliance for Climate-Smart Agriculture (GACSA) Annual Forum June 15, 2016 in Rome, Italy.
by Meryl Richards, CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), Todd Rosenstock (ICRAF), Lini Wollenberg (CCAFS), Klaus Butterbach-Bahl (ILRI, KIT), Mariana Rufino (CIFOR, Leeds) and many others
Background concepts of landscape and territory agronomyDavide Rizzo
Agriculture faces big challenges, such as feeding a growing population and providing an increasing panel of ecosystem services. However, concurrent changes either of the land use (e.g., urban sprawl), of the land system structure (e.g., innovative crop-livestock integration) or of the production practices (e.g., the agroecology transition of production systems) occur unevenly in space and over time. Yet, land is a limited resource and agricultural seems to have attained the peak for major productions. Hence, neither the expansion nor the intensification of current production systems could answer the expectations, also because of the deprecated trade-offs on natural resources. Altogether, the development of smarter spatial configurations of agricultural activities appears to be the most effective way to address all of these rapid and wide dynamics. Accordingly, agronomy is urged to develop a landscape perspective to improve the understanding of farming evolutions and to inform future scenarios. In this lecture, we will describe the conceptual model proposed by “landscape agronomy” and how it can help to understand interactions between farming practices, landscape patterns and natural resources. In addition, we will compare it with the “territory” concept underpinning a participatory action science that addresses the relations between different land users and managers in the design of future rural land systems. Finally, we will apply the aforementioned concepts to the comparison of some land management units to stress the role of a landscape-oriented approach to farming system design.
Crop modeling for stress situations, cropping system , assessing stress through remote sensing, understanding the adaptive features of crops for survival under stress .
Bunaken Island | Nov-15 | Improving the water supply, sanitation and hygiene ...Smart Villages
By Lyn Capistrano, Apolonio Jimenez
Off-grid electrification for development of small islands represents a number of unique challenges under the broad category of rural electrification. Small, off-grid island communities are particularly vulnerable to diesel price fluctuations and natural disasters, and thus, enhancing resilience through more sustainable and cheaper energy technologies should be a key priority. Financing the transition to these technologies – usually photovoltaic, micro-hydro or sometimes wind – is an essential hurdle to overcome. Once electricity systems are in place it is equally important that they are sustained in the longer term with effective arrangements for operation and maintenance, cost recovery etc. Related to this, is the productive use of the energy provided to increase islander incomes.
The workshop on Bunaken Island, Sulawesi, Indonesia from 3 to 5 November 2015, organised by the Smart Villages Initiative in collaboration with Kopernik, will explore these issues and develop recommendations for policy makers, development agencies and other stakeholders in energy provision to island communities.
More info: http://e4sv.org/events/off-grid-islands-electricity-workshop/
Integrated Water Resources Management in MalaysiaIwl Pcu
Presentation by Datuk Ir. Keizrul bin Abdullah, Chair GWP South East Asia Steering Committee, 7 December 2004 at International Conference on IWRM in Tokyo.
Ecosystem services for biodiversity conservation and sustainable agricultureExternalEvents
The presentation by Dr. Abigael Otinga (University of Eldoret) outlines the concept of “ecosystem services” and particularly their relevance not only for biodiversity conservation but also for ensuring sustainable production of healthy and abundant crops. The presentation was given at a national training workshops for stakeholders involved in the revision of the Kenya NBSAP that was held at ICRAF in Nairobi, 25-26 May 2016. More information on the event are available at: www.fao.org/africa/news/detail-news/en/c/417489/ .
Estimation of the Total Economic Value of the Proposed Mt. Mantalingahan Prot...No to mining in Palawan
The study was undertaken to value the environmental services of the Mount Mantalingahan Range, and determine the management costs of protecting critical habitats within the proposed protected landscape. The total economic value (TEV) framework was used to estimate the values of the goods and services that Mount Mantalingahan provides. The use values include direct uses (timber, farming, livestock production, non-timber forest products gathering, water and mining), and indirect uses (carbon stock, soil conservation, watershed and biodiversity functions, and protection of marine biodiversity). Non-use values were not estimated because of time and financial constraints.
Ecosystem services are the benefits that people obtain from ecosystems. They are indispensable to the well-being of all living organisms, everywhere in the world. They include provisioning, regulating, and cultural services that directly affect people, and supporting services needed to maintain the other services (Anon., 2005). From the availability of adequate food and water, to disease regulation of vectors, pests, and pathogens, human well-being depends on these services and conditions from the natural environment. Ecosystem services depend on ecosystem conditions, and if these are impacted via pressures, consequently ecosystem services will be as well (Daily G, 1997). Human use of all ecosystem services is growing rapidly. Approximately 60% of the ecosystem services (including 70% of regulating and cultural services) are being degraded or used unsustainably. Certain changes place the sustained delivery of ecosystem services at risk. Human activity is impairing and destroying ecosystem services. Services by the ecosystem are facing some serious threats from urbanization, climate change and introduction of invasive species and pathogens which have come into existence through human activities (Anon., 1997). Ecosystem evaluation is a tool used in determining the impact of human activities on an environmental system, by assigning an economic value to an ecosystem or its ecosystem services. Ecosystem values are measures of how important ecosystem services are to people – what they are worth. Economists classify ecosystem values into several types. The two main categories are use values and non-use, or passive use values. Whereas use values are based on actual use of the environment, non-use values are values that are not associated with actual use, or even an option to use, an ecosystem or its services (Brookshire, et al.,1983). There are several methods of valuation of environmental assets, goods and amenities, services and functions like market price method, productivity method, hedonic pricing method, travel cost method and contingent valuation method.
Enhancing ecosystem services and indicatorsExternalEvents
http://www.fao.org/about/meetings/agroecology-symposium-china/en/
Presentation of Etienne Hainzelin, from CIRAD, on enhancing ecosystem services and indicators to measure ecosystem services. Examples are given from Brazil and the Sahel. The presentation was prepared and delivered in occasion of the International Symposium on Agroecology in China, held in Kunming, China on 29-31 August 2016.
Tracking change in land use and vegetation conditionRichard Thackway
Seminar 'Tracking change in land use and vegetation condition' presented to the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Canberra on 22 February 2013.
These slides cover the purposes for ecosystem service valuation (ESV), methods for valuation, examples of valuation studies, and government regulation and program related to ESV.
To achieve the goal of restoration/ rehabilitation in landscapes, it is crucial to articulate:
What we want to achieve, what processes are in it, what resources are required.
How we want to do it
Who should be engaged
Why we do it
Geothermal well Site Characteristics from Climate Resilient Technologies in N...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Geothermal energy is regarded as a clean energy source. This assertion has a degree of truth subject to technological interventions applied in its extraction. This paper focuses on quality of vegetation, soils and water points at well sites. The concentrations of trace elements at the well sites is mainly determined by adequacy of technological interventions. Geothermal energy is classified as renewable source and climate changeresilient. However, ineffective interventions andreservoir characteristics could result in undesired effluents to the surrounding rendering it unsustainable. More so, the resource is located in fragile ecosystems pivotal in climate change resilience. Simple random sampling of 81 wells was done. Samples were collected and analyzed in the laboratory. The results indicated that contamination of the vegetation, soils and water was evident. Boron concentrations in the soils for instance resulted in a sigma value of 5.99 and p- value of 0.00. This meant its concentration was significantly higher as compared to recommended standards set by Kenya’s environmental Authority. Therefore, undesirable environmental impacts were a reality in geothermal production and hence could jeopardize efforts for building climate resilience.The choice of technology thus has a bearing on climate resilience for a geothermal facility especially those located in fragile ecological set ups.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
5. Conceptual Framework Holistic Benefit-Cost Analysis Economic Efficiency & Equity Economic Value of Ecosystem Services Benefit Transfer Valuation Biodiversity Research
10. Table 1 Ecosystem Services Aesthetic information** Recreation Cultural and artistic information** Spiritual and historic information** Science and education** Information Functions Food production Raw materials Genetic resources Medicinal resources* Ornamental resources* Production Functions Refugia Nursery Habitat Functions Gas regulation Climate regulation Disturbance prevention Water regulation Water supply Soil retention Soil formation Nutrient regulation Waste treatment Pollination Biological control Regulation Functions Ecosystem Service Primary Category
11. Table 2 Summary of global value of annual ecosystem services grouped by primary category as applicable to Mt. Hamiguitan and its environs 8,498 20,945 230 567 41 101 - 8,227 20,277 Lakes/Rivers 9,990 24,624 658 1,622 628 1548 169 417 8,535 21,037 Mangroves 244* 601 2 5 67 165 - 175 431 Grass/Rangelands 2,008** 4,949 114 281 388 956 - 1,506 3,712 Tropical forest 6,076** 14,975 3,009 7,416 247 609 7 17 2,813 6,933 Coral reefs 19,004 46,840 - 2 5 - 19,002 46,835 Seagrass/Algae beds 22,832 56,276 410 1,011 546 1,346 131 323 21,745 53,596 Estuaries Total Value Information Function Production Function Habitat Function Regulation Function Average Ecosystem Services per Hectare per Year in 1994 US$ and 2010* US$ Biome