Presentation by Datuk Ir. Keizrul bin Abdullah, Chair GWP South East Asia Steering Committee, 7 December 2004 at International Conference on IWRM in Tokyo.

1. IWRM in Malaysia
Dec
2004
Integrated Water Resources
Management in Malaysia
Datuk Ir. Keizrul bin Abdullah
Chair
GWP South East Asia Steering Committee
GWP-SEA SC
7 December 2004

2. IWRM in Malaysia
Dec
2004
JAPAN
MALAYSIA

3. IWRM in Malaysia
Dec
2004
MALAYSIA
Equator
Located in Humid Tropics
Developing country - GDP US$ 3,800
(1/10th Japan)

4. IWRM in Malaysia
Dec
2004
CLIMATE
Cloud Climate - Tropical weather all year round
Temperature 21°C to 32°C
Rainfall 3,000 mm
Distinct dry and rainy seasons
Humidity Ave. 80%

5. IWRM in Malaysia
Dec
2004 Water Resources availability

6. IWRM in Malaysia
Dec
2004
45,000
40,000
35,000
30,000
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
Runoff (cu. Km per year)
Europe 3,210
Asia 14,410
Africa 4,570
North America 8,200
South America 11,760
Oceania 2,388
World 44,540
Malaysia 990
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
Availability (cu. M per
person per day)
Europe 18
Asia 13
Africa 19
North America 53
South America 108
Oceania 252
World 24
Malaysia 47

7. IWRM in Malaysia
Dec
2004
PROBLEMS
AND ISSUES

8. IWRM in Malaysia
Dec
2004
PROBLEMS AND ISSUES
1) Water Shortages

9. IWRM in Malaysia
Dec
2004

10. IWRM in Malaysia
Dec
2004
Projected Annual Water Use
in Malaysia
7.4
9.0 10.4 10.4 10.4
1.5
2.9
4.4
9.6
8.9
11.9
14.8
16.9
20.0
6.5
1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
Year
Water Demand (billion m3)
Total
Domestic & Industry
Irrigation 4 %
Water Use

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Dec
2004
Water
Crisis

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2004

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2004

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2004

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2004

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2004
Seasonal Variation in Annual Rainfall

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Dec
2004
PROBLEMS AND ISSUES
1) Water Shortages
2) Flooding

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Dec
2004

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Dec
2004

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Dec
2004

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Dec
2004

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Dec
2004
Flood victims being evacuated

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Dec
2004

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Dec
2004

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Dec
2004
Flood Impacts
• Flooded area - 29,720 km²
• 9 % of the total land area of Malaysia

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Dec
2004
Flood Prone Areas in Peninsular Malaysia
KELANTAN
THAILAND
SELANGOR
Kuala
Lumpur
S.Linggi
Ipoh
Shah Alam
PERLIS
S.Perak
S.Bernam
S.Klang
Seremban
Kangar
PULAU
LANGKAWI
Alor Setar
S.Muda
George Town
PULAU
PINANG
KEDAH
PERAK
Kuala Terengganu
S.Cukai
Kuantan
S.Kuantan
S.Pahang
S.Rompin
S.Endau
Johor
Bahru
SINGAPORE
NEGERI
S.Muar
S.Batu Pahat
S.Benut
PAHANG
SEMBILAN
MELAKA
S.Melaka
Melaka
JOHOR
S.Johor
S.Dungun
Kota Bharu
TERENGGANU
S.Kelantan
S.Terengganu

27. IWRM in Malaysia
Dec
2004
Flood Prone Areas in Sabah & Sarawak
S.Rej ang
S.Sa dong
S.Sa rawak
Kucing
SARAWAK
S.Baram
LABUAN
Kot a Kinabalu
SABAH
S.Kni a batangan
FLOOD PRONE AREA (EAST MALAYSIA)

28. IWRM in Malaysia
Dec
2004
Flood Impacts
• Flooded Area - 29,720 km²
• 9 % of the total land area of Malaysia
• 4.9 million (20 %) people affected

29. IWRM in Malaysia
Dec
2004
Flood Impacts
• Flooded Area - 29,720 km²
• 9 % of the total land area of Malaysia
• 4.9 million (20 %) people affected
• Average annual flood damage for
country is estimated at RM 1 billion
(US$ 263 million)

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Dec
2004
PROBLEMS AND ISSUES
1) Water Shortages
2) Flooding
3) Polluted Water

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Dec
2004

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2004

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2004

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2004

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2004

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2004

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2004

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2004

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2004

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Dec
2004
Ref: Malaysia Environmental Quality Report 2002

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2004

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Dec
2004
RIVERS
PROVIDE 97 %
OF ALL THE
WATER USED
IN MALAYSIA

43. IWRM in Malaysia
Dec
2004
PROBLEMS AND ISSUES
1) Water Shortages
2) Flooding
3) Polluted Water
4) River Sedimentation

44. IWRM in Malaysia
Dec
2004 Hills cleared for Agriculture

45. IWRM in Malaysia
Dec
2004 Uncontrolled Land Clearing

46. IWRM in Malaysia
Dec
2004
Erosion

47. IWRM in Malaysia
Dec
2004 Siltation in rivers

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Dec
2004

49. IWRM in Malaysia
Dec
2004
PROBLEMS AND ISSUES
1) Water Shortages
2) Flooding
3) Polluted Water
4) River Sedimentation
5) Policy Issues

50. IWRM in Malaysia
Dec
2004
Policy Issues
• Perceived abundance of water  lower
priority on national agenda
• Federal, State, Local governments involved
in various aspects of water
• No national policy on water
• Inadequate financial allocation
• Poor understanding of economic tools and
instruments; privatisation
• Emphasis on resource utilization rather
than resource conservation (supply
enhancement cf demand management)

51. IWRM in Malaysia
Dec
2004
Production capacity and water demand
(mld) (Kuala Lumpur and Selangor)
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Production and demand (mld)
Water demand Production capacity

52. IWRM in Malaysia
Dec
2004
PROBLEMS AND ISSUES
1) Water Shortages
2) Flooding
3) Polluted Water
4) River Sedimentation
5) Policy Issues
6) Legal Issues

53. IWRM in Malaysia
Dec
2004
Legal Issues
• Over-abundance of sectoral-based water
laws
• Laws govern use rather than protection
of resources
• Many laws outdated, redundant or
ambiguous; conflicts / overlaps common
• Lack of comprehensive water law
• Inadequate penalities
• Malaysian Constitution
• Land and water state matters
• Rivers within jurisdiction of State

54. IWRM in Malaysia
Dec
2004
PROBLEMS AND ISSUES
1) Water Shortages
2) Flooding
3) Polluted Water
4) River Sedimentation
5) Policy Issues
6) Legal Issues
7) Institutional Issues

55. IWRM in Malaysia
Dec
2004
Institutional Issues
• Little or no formal mechanism to integrate
and co-ordinate activities on water
• Numerous Ministries and Departments
• regulate & manage various water sectors
• duplication of efforts; gaps
• competition and conflict
• No Apex organisations
• Little or no public participation
• Growing recognition on need for proper
management and coordinated efforts to
integrate various disciplines throughout
whole development cycle

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Dec
2004

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Dec
2004
INTEGRATED WATER
RESOURCES
MANAGEMENT

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Dec
2004
DEFINITION
Integrated Water Resources Management
Defined as :
“co-ordinated management of resources in
natural environment (water, land, flora, fauna)
based on river basin as a geographical unit,
with objective of balancing man’s needs
with necessity of conserving resources
to ensure their sustainability”

59. IWRM in Malaysia
Dec
2004
IWRM
• Geared towards integrating and
coordinating policies, programs and
practices
• Addresses water related issues
• Requires improved professional
capability
• Increased financial, legislative,
managerial and political capacity

60. IWRM in Malaysia
Dec
2004
IWRM PERSPECTIVE
Structure
Economic
Efficiency Equity
Environmental
Sustainability
Management
Instruments
Enabling
Environment
Institutional
Frameworks
Managing Water for Sustainablity
Principles
Ref: GWP

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Dec
2004
MALAYSIA’S
EXPERIENCE IN
IWRM

62. IWRM in Malaysia
Dec
2004
IWRM PERSPECTIVE
Structure
Economic
Efficiency Equity
Environmental
Sustainability
Management
Instruments
Enabling
Environment
Institutional
Frameworks
Managing Water for Sustainablity
Principles
Ref: GWP

63. IWRM in Malaysia
Dec
2004
IWRM PERSPECTIVE
Structure
Economic
Efficiency Equity
Environmental
Sustainability
Management
Instruments
Enabling
Environment
Institutional
Frameworks
Managing Water for Sustainablity
Principles
Ref: GWP

64. IWRM in Malaysia
Dec
2004
Enabling Environment
1) Water Vision
“In support of Vision 2020 (towards
achieving developed nation status)
Malaysia will conserve and manage its
water resources to ensure adequate
and safe water for all (including the
environment)”

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Dec
2004
Enabling Environment
1) Water Vision
2) National Water Resources Council formed
in 1998
• Chaired by Prime Minister
• Federal and State represented
• Policy making body

66. IWRM in Malaysia
Dec
2004
Enabling Environment
1) Water Vision
2) National Water Resources Council formed
in 1998
3) National Water Policy being formulated

67. IWRM in Malaysia
Dec
2004

68. IWRM in Malaysia
Dec
2004
Enabling Environment
1) Water Vision
2) National Water Resources Council formed
in 1998
3) National Water Policy being formulated
4) 2 - prong approach to water resources
• Water as a resource  planning,
integrated and holistic approach
• Water as a service  efficiency,
improving service delivery

69. IWRM in Malaysia
Dec
2004
IWRM PERSPECTIVE
Structure
Economic
Efficiency Equity
Environmental
Sustainability
Management
Instruments
Enabling
Environment
Institutional
Frameworks
Managing Water for Sustainablity
Principles
Ref: GWP

70. IWRM in Malaysia
Dec
2004
Institutional Framework
1) Re-engineering of Ministries
• Ministry of Natural Resources and
Environment  water as a resource
• Ministry of Energy, Water and
Communications  water as a utility
• Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-based
Industries  water for food

71. IWRM in Malaysia
Dec
2004
Institutional Framework
1) Re-engineering of Ministries
2) Apex organization formed  Selangor
Water Management Authority (SWMA)

72. IWRM in Malaysia
Dec
2004
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
SWMA
- main focus area for LUAS
- next focus area for LUAS
- service providers and private sectors
Research
Corporate
Services
Regulatory
Regional
Offices
Development
&
O & M
SWMA
Planning
Monitoring

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Dec
2004
FUNCTIONS OF SWMA
1.
PLANNING AND RESEARCH
“To carry out planning and research
for the development, allocations and
utilisation of water resources,
protection and conservation of
aquatic eco-system including flood
and droughts impact mitigation”

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Dec
2004
FUNCTIONS OF SWMA
2.
DEVELOPMENT AND O & M
“To regulate/ manage the
development and O & M of water
resources related infrastructures”

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Dec
2004
FUNCTIONS OF SWMA
3.
REGULATORY AND ENFORCEMENT
“To establish and implement
regulations and carry out monitoring
and enforcement on allocations and
utilisation of water resources,
protection and conservation of
aquatic eco-system including flood
and drought impact mitigation”

76. IWRM in Malaysia
Dec
2004
Institutional Framework
1) Re-engineering of Ministries
2) Apex organization formed  Selangor
Water Management Authority (SWMA)
3) Malaysian Water Partnership (MyWP)
• Network of organisations/institutions
committed to the Dublin principles
• 67 institutional members from
Government departments, Private
companies, Associations, NGOs

77. IWRM in Malaysia
Dec
2004
Institutional Framework
1) Re-engineering of Ministries
2) Apex organization formed  Selangor
Water Management Authority (SWMA)
3) Malaysian Water Partnership (MyWP)
4) MyCapNet  capacity building network
• MSc course on IWRM approved
• Working on module for public sector

78. IWRM in Malaysia
Dec
2004
Institutional Framework
1) Re-engineering of Ministries
2) Apex organization formed  Selangor
Water Management Authority (SWMA)
3) Malaysian Water Partnership (MyWP)
4) MyCapNet  capacity building network
5) Water Services Reform

79. IWRM in Malaysia
Dec
2004
Water Services Reform
• To develop a sustainable water services
industry
• Formation of a central regulatory body 
National Water Services Commission
• To regulate for long term benefit of
consumer
• To enhance economic and technical
efficiency in supply and delivery of water
and sewerage services
• To ensure affordable services
• To establish transparent and effective
system of governance

80. IWRM in Malaysia
Dec
2004

81. IWRM in Malaysia
Dec
2004

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Dec
2004
IWRM PERSPECTIVE
Structure
Economic
Efficiency Equity
Environmental
Sustainability
Management
Instruments
Enabling
Environment
Institutional
Frameworks
Managing Water for Sustainablity
Principles
Ref: GWP

83. IWRM in Malaysia
Dec
2004
Management Instruments
1) Legal instruments
• Comprehensive Water Law (under
discussion)

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Dec
2004

85. IWRM in Malaysia
Dec
2004
Management Instruments
1) Legal instruments
• Comprehensive Water Law (under
discussion)
• Zoning/protecting catchment areas

86. IWRM in Malaysia
Dec
2004

87. IWRM in Malaysia
Dec
2004
Management Instruments
1) Legal instruments
• Comprehensive Water Law (under
discussion)
• Zoning/protecting catchment areas
• Better enforcement

88. IWRM in Malaysia
Dec
2004

89. IWRM in Malaysia
Dec
2004
Management Instruments
1) Legal instruments
2) Financial instruments
• Huge investments needed to improve
water sector

90. IWRM in Malaysia
Dec
2004

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Dec
2004

92. IWRM in Malaysia
Dec
2004
Management Instruments
1) Legal instruments
2) Financial instruments
• Huge investments needed to improve
water sector
• Privatisation  Pricing issues - cost
recovery to be tied to level of service

93. IWRM in Malaysia
Dec
2004

94. IWRM in Malaysia
Dec
2004

95. IWRM in Malaysia
Dec
2004
Management Instruments
1) Legal instruments
2) Financial instruments
• Huge investments needed to improve
water sector
• Privatisation  Pricing issues - cost
recovery to be tied to level of service
• Water tariffs  conservation,
affordability

96. IWRM in Malaysia
Dec
2004

97. IWRM in Malaysia
Dec
2004

98. IWRM in Malaysia
Dec
2004
Management Instruments
1) Legal instruments
2) Financial instruments
3) Planning instruments

99. IWRM in Malaysia
Dec
2004
World Summit on Sustainable
Development (WSSD) J’burg 2002
WSSD Plan of Action
• “To develop integrated water resource
management and water efficiency plans
by 2005”

100. IWRM in Malaysia
Dec
2004
Management Instruments
1) Legal instruments
2) Financial instruments
3) Planning instruments
• IWRM plans

101. IWRM in Malaysia
Dec
2004
Management Instruments
1) Legal instruments
2) Financial instruments
3) Planning instruments
• IWRM plans  IRBM plans

102. IWRM in Malaysia
Dec
2004
All aspect of development has impact on the river

103. IWRM in Malaysia
Dec
2004
DAM
(JPS)
IRRIGATION
(JPS)
WATER QUALITY
FLOOD
MITIGATION
(JPS)
DRAINAGE
(JPS)
RECREATION
RIVER
CONSERVATION &
REHABILITATIONS
RIVER CORRIDOR
DEVELOPMENT
NAVIGATION

104. IWRM in Malaysia
Dec
2004 River Basin Master Plan

105. IWRM in Malaysia
Dec
2004
NWRC (29th July 2003)  River Basin
Master Plans to be the Basis for
Development within a River Basin

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Dec
2004
Management Instruments
1) Legal instruments
2) Financial instruments
3) Planning instruments
4) Supply enhancement  Demand
management

107. IWRM in Malaysia
Dec
2004

108. IWRM in Malaysia
Dec
2004

109. IWRM in Malaysia
Dec
2004

110. IWRM in Malaysia
Dec
2004
Management Instruments
1) Legal instruments
2) Financial instruments
3) Planning instruments
4) Supply enhancement  Demand
management
5) Education and Public Awareness
• Public campaigns

111. IWRM in Malaysia
Dec
2004 Working with Mass Media

112. IWRM in Malaysia
Dec
2004
Love Our Rivers Campaign

113. IWRM in Malaysia
Dec
2004 Campaign Materials

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Dec
2004
Public
participation

115. IWRM in Malaysia
Dec
2004
Management Instruments
1) Legal instruments
2) Financial instruments
3) Planning instruments
4) Supply enhancement  Demand
management
5) Education and Public Awareness
• Public campaigns
• Targeting the young

116. IWRM in Malaysia
Dec
2004

117. IWRM in Malaysia
Dec
2004 Water Box

118. IWRM in Malaysia
Dec
2004
School children participating in River
Watch Program

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Dec
2004
CONCLUSION

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Dec
2004
CONCLUSION
• As Malaysia develops, problems relating to
water and environment is expected to
intensify
• To ensure sustainable development, water
resources need to be managed in an
integrated and holistic manner
• Political and administrative framework and
commitment vital to ensure success
• Management instruments are necessary

121. IWRM in Malaysia
Dec
2004
Thank You
Domo Arigato