3. * Prediction and control of human behavior
* Introspection and independent thinking play no
essential part
* Learning is an objective and experimental
branch of natural science
* No difference between man and animal1
* Deals with stimulus-response relationships
*
4. * Popularized during Modernism2 era – mid 20th
century
* Used to promote behavioral principles and
discourage unwanted ones
* Does not account for learning without use of
punishment/ praise
* Evolved therapeutic treatment like intensive
behavioral intervention
* Psychological disorders best treated by altering
behavior patterns
*
5. * Ivan Pavlov (1849- 1936) * Albert Bandura (1925-
* Conducted behavioral present)
experiments with dogs * Famous for ideas on social
* Innovated Classic Conditioning learning or, Social Cognitive
Theory.
* Focuses on motivational
factors and self-regulatory
mechanisms that contribute to
behavior.
*
6. * Edward Lee "Ted" Thorndike * Clark Leonard Hull (1884 -
(1874 -1949) 1952)
* American psychologist who * Influential American
worked at Teachers College, psychologist
Columbia University * Established dominant
* Led to theory of learning theories of his
Connectionism time
*
7. * Burrhus Frederic pigeons
Skinner (1904 – 1990) * Innovated Radical
* American behaviorist, Behaviorism4
author, inventor and
social philosopher
* Describes operant
learning3
* Conducted research
experiments with
*
8. * Believed human behavior is based on stimulus-
response theory
* Found that reinforcement is a powerful
motivator
* Began experimenting on humans and his infant
daughter
* Classroom and computer based instruction are
based on operant learning
*
9. * Teachers: * Students:
* Use operant conditioning * Learn from behavior of
other students
* Award students w.
incentives and goodies * Learn to value the
journey rather than the
* Technology based destination
assignments praise
accuracy * Self efficacy5
* Encourage reflection rather
than praise
*
10. * Operant Conditioning can have positive and
negative effects in the classroom
* Skinner illustrates positives by observing
desirable actions
* There are consequences and limitations
* Self-efficacy strongly enforced in classroom
*
11. * 1. Both learn to behave through reward system
* 2. Time period that coincided with the Industrial Revolution in
which everything of value was measured in terms of science
* 3. Learning that is controlled and results in shaping behavior
through the reinforcement of stimulus-response patterns.
* 4. Radical behaviorism is the philosophy of the science of
behavior. It seeks to understand behavior as a function of
environmental histories of reinforcing consequences.
* 5. Personal observation about ones perceived ability to feel,
think, and motivate oneself to learn.
*
