Behavioral Therapy B. F Skinner,

1. Behavior Therapy
Submitted to:
Prof. Agnes Montalbo
Rizal Technological University
Submitted by:
Elaine G. Alcoriza

2. B.F Skinner
 He was a prominent
spokesperson for
behaviorism and can be
considered the father of
the behavioral approach
to psychology.

3. B.F Skinner
 Championed radical
behaviorism, which
places primary
emphasis on the effects
of environment on
behavior.

4. B.F Skinner
 He stressed the cause-
and-effect links between
objective observable
environmental
conditions and behavior.

5. B.F Skinner
 Most of his work was of
an experimental nature in
the laboratory, but others
have applied his ideas to
teaching, managing
human problems, and
social planning.

6. Albert Bandura
 Bandura and his colleagues
did pioneering work in the
area of social modeling and
demonstrated that modeling
is a powerful that explains
diverse forms of learning.

7. Albert Bandura
 With his colleagues, they
explored social learning
theory and the prominent
role of observational learning
and social modeling in
human motivation, thought
and action.

8. Albert Bandura
 He broadened the scope of
behavior therapy by
exploring the inner
cognitive-affective forces
that motivate human
behavior.

9. Albert Bandura
 He shows the
comprehensive
applications of his theory
of self-efficacy to some
areas.

10. What is Behavior Therapy?

11.  Behavior Therapy has been used to treat a wide range
of psychological disorders with different client
populations. Practitioners focus on observable
behavior, current determinants of behavior, learning
experiences that promote change, tailoring treatment
strategies to individual clients, and rigorous assessment
and evaluation.

12.  As I also read in other references, Behavior
Therapy is any of a group of therapies that, as
typically practiced, are not concerned with the
troubled personality itself, but only with
eliminating the symptoms of troubled
personality.

13. For Example:
 When a behavior
therapist seeks to help an
alcoholic, the therapist is
not interested in why the
person drinks to excess,
but seeks simply, to
eliminate the drinking.

14. Historical background
 1950’s
The behavior therapy movement differed
from other therapeutic approaches in its application
of principles of classical and operant conditioning
to the treatment of a variety of problem behaviors.

15.  1950’s
Its focus was on demonstrating that
behavioral conditioning techniques were effective
and were a viable alternative to psychoanalytic
therapy.

16.  1960’s
Bandura developed social learning theory,
which combined classical and operant conditioning
with observational learning.
(During this year, behavioral approaches
sprang up, and they still have a significant impact
on therapeutic practice)

17.  1970’s
Behavior therapy techniques which was
known as the “first wave” in the behavioral field,
were viewed as the treatment of choice for many
psychological problems.

18.  1980’s
Characterized by a search for new horizons
in concepts and methods that went beyond
traditional learning theory.
(Increased attention was given to the role of
emotions in therapeutic change as well as to the
role of biological factors in psychological
disorders)

19.  1990’s
Cognitive therapy is considered to be the
“second wave” of the behavioral tradition.
• Early 2000’s
the “third wave” of the behavioral tradition
emerged, enlarging the scope of research and
practice.

20. Four Areas of Development

21. Classical Conditioning
• Refers to what happens prior to learning
that creates response through pairing. It is the
process of linking a conditioned stimulus with
a conditioned response.
•This experiment was worked extensively by
Pavlov with dogs as his experimental subjects.

22. A Bell was sounded
(conditioned stimulus) just
before a dog was given meat
powder. After this was done a
number of times, the dog
became conditioned to
dripping saliva (conditioned
response) at the sound of the
bell.

23. An example of a procedure that is based on the classical
model is the SYSTEMATIC DESENSITIZATION. It is a process of
ridding a person of fear of some situation or object.
For Example:
the therapist may first help the
Patients to relax and then gradually, by
Stages, introduce them to the situation or
Object that they fear.

24. Operant Conditioning
Involves a type of learning in which behaviors are
influenced mainly by the consequences that follows them.
Thus it is a form of learning in which a person/animal is
given a reward after performing the behavior that is to be
learned.

25. For Example:
 A rat may be conditioned
to press a bar in its cage
when it is hungry if a food
pellet is released each time
the rat presses the bar.

26. Social Learning Approach
Involves a triadic reciprocal interaction among
the environment, personal factors & individual
behavior. In this approach, cognitive processes
determined the environmental events on behavior.

27. For Example:
◦ People develop effective
social skills after they are in
contact with other people
who effectively model
interpersonal skills.

28. Cognitive Behavior Therapy
 Had replaced behavior
therapy as the accepted
designation and the field
began emphasizing the
interaction among affective,
behavioral, and cognitive
dimensions.

29. Basic Characteristics and
Assumptions

30. 1. Behavior therapy is based on the principles
and procedures of the scientific method.
(this main concern is the behavioral
concepts & procedures are stated explicitly,
tested empirically and revised continually).

31. 2. Behavior therapy deals with the client’s
current problems and the factors influencing them,
as opposed to an analysis of possible historical
determinants.
(it emphasizes the specific factors that
influence the individual’s functioning on how
clients help to produce behavior change by
changing environmental events).

32. 3. Clients involved in behavior therapy are
expected to assume an active role by engaging
in specific actions to deal with their problems.
4. this approach assumes that change can
take place without insight into underlying
dynamics.

33. 5. This focus is on assessing overt and covert
behavior directly, identifying the problem, and
evaluating change.
6. Behavioral treatment interventions are
individually tailored to specific problems
experienced by clients.