Social Learning Theory By Bandura Social Learning Theory By Bandura Social Learning Theory By Bandura Social Learning Theory By Bandura Social Learning Theory By Bandura Social Learning Theory By Bandura Social Learning Theory By Bandura Social Learning Theory By Bandura Social Learning Theory By Bandura Social Learning Theory By Bandura Social Learning Theory By Bandura Social Learning Theory By Bandura Social Learning Theory By Bandura Social Learning Theory By Bandura Social Learning Theory By Bandura Social Learning Theory By Bandura Social Learning Theory By Bandura Social Learning Theory By Bandura Social Learning Theory By Bandura

1. Learning from observation

2. ALBERT BANDURA – SOCIAL LEARNING THEORIST
 Albert Bandura was born on December 4, 1925
in a small town called Mundare in northern
Alberta, Canada (50 miles east of Edmonton).
 He was the youngest and only boy of six
children.

3. ALBERT BANDURA – SOCIAL LEARNING THEORIST
 1949:
Bandura received his B.A. degree from the University of
British Columbia
 1951:
M.A. received from the University of Iowa
 1952:
Ph.D. received from University of Iowa
under the direction of Arthur Benton
 While studying at Iowa, Bandura’s interest in childhood
aggression began
 Idea of social learning theory established while pursuing
Ph.D. at University of Iowa
 1964- Present:
Full professor position given to Bandura at Stanford
 1977:
Bandura became known as the Father of the Cognitive
Theory.

4. ALBERT BANDURA - EDUCATION

5.  Social learning theory focuses on the learning that
occurs within a social context
 Social learning theory considers how people learn from
one another by observing, imitating, and modeling.
 In social learning theory, people (observers) are trying
to learn by imitation or modeling. Therefore, the model
or third person can be a reinforcer.
 For instance, from an operant condition perspective,
learners are reinforced often enough that they continue
to copy those around them.
 As a result, their imitation (copying) itself becomes a
habit which is called generalized.

6.  “Social Learning Theory” has been renamed
‘Social Cognitive Theory” to accommodate later
developments of the theory because of his focus
on motivational factors and self-regulatory
mechanisms that contribute to a person’s
behavior, rather than just environmental factors.
 According to Bandura, human beings have
specific abilities related to learning that sets them
apart from other species

7. SOCIAL COGNITIVE THEORY
 Social cognitive theory states that there are three
characteristics that are unique to humans:
 Vicarious consequences (Model and imitate others)
 Self–efficacy (self reflection)
 Performance standards and moral conduct (Ability to
regulate one’s own behavior)

8. GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY
 People can learn by observing the behavior of
others and then imitating the behavior overtly.
 Learning can occur without a change in behavior.
 Cognition plays a role in learning.
 Individuals are more likely to adopt a modeled
behavior if it results in outcomes they value.
 Individuals are more likely to adopt a modeled
behavior if the model is similar to the observed and
has admired status and the behavior has functional
value.

9. BANDURA’S EXPERIMENT ON MODELING
 Experiment that showed children could easily learn
through observational learning modeling
 Frustrated children go to beat on the clown after seeing
adult model do the same.
 Reinforcements and punishment may influence what we
imitate.

10. BANDURA’S EXPERIMENT ON MODELING
The Bobo Doll Study
 “Bobo doll” studies showed observational learning and the
impact it can have on violent behavior in children.
 Albert Bandura’s Bobo doll study in 1961 was a classic study
that demonstrates the social learning theory. The study
showed that after viewing adults strike and kick a Bobo doll,
children would imitate the behavior in another environment.
This was important, as it suggests that the violence could be
imitated by viewers.
 Results showed 88% of the children imitated aggressive
behavior following the viewing of the tape of adults acting
aggressively toward the doll.
 8 months later 40% of the same children reproduced the
violent behavior observed in the Bobo doll experiment.

11. • The children were shown three
different endings to the video.
The video first showed that the
adults were praised for their
aggressive behavior. The
second group the adult was
told to sit in a corner. The third
group showed the adult walk
out of the room. While
controversial, Bandura
maintained that his experiment
demonstrated that children are
influenced by witnessing or
modeling of aggression in
others.
THE BOBO DOLL STUDY (CONTINUED…)

12. PROCESS OF LEARNING THROUGH MODELING
1. Attention: If you are going to learn anything, you have to be
paying attention. The person must first pay attention to the
model.
2. Retention: You must be able to retain or remember what you
have paid attention to. We retain mental images or verbal
descriptions.
3. Reproduction: You have to translate the images or
descriptions into actual behaviors.
4. Motivation: the final necessary ingredient for modeling to
occur is motivation, learners must want to demonstrate
what they have learned. (If positive reinforcement is
potentially available, enact the modeled behavior)
(Remember that since these four conditions vary among
individuals, different people will reproduce the same behavior
differently).

13. EXAMPLE
Children who see an adult behave aggressively
might view that aggressive behavior as a positive
thing (i.e., expect positive reinforcement of some
type for that behavior), and therefore might
imitate that aggressive behavior.

14. EDUCATIONAL IMPLICATIONS OF SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY
1. Students often learn a great deal simply by
observing other people.
2. To promote effective modeling a teacher must
make sure that the four essential conditions
exist; attention, retention , motor reproduction,
and motivation.
3. Teachers and parents must model appropriate
behaviors and take care that they do not
model inappropriate behaviors.
4. Teachers should expose students to a variety
of other models. This technique is especially
important to break down traditional stereotypes.

15. EDUCATIONAL IMPLICATIONS OF SOCIAL LEARNING
THEORY
5. It is very important to develop a sense of self-
efficacy for students. Teachers can promote
such self-efficacy by having students receive
confidence-building messages, watch others be
successful, and experience success on their own.
6. Teachers should help students set realistic
expectations for their academic
accomplishments.
7. Self-regulation techniques provide an effective
method for improving student behavior.