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The document discusses 5G spectrum and frequency bands. It explains that 5G will utilize spectrum between 450 MHz to 52.6 GHz, divided into two frequency ranges: FR1 from 450 MHz to 7.125 GHz and FR2 from 24.25 GHz to 52.6 GHz. The most popular bands for 5G deployment include 700 MHz, 3.5 GHz, and 26/28 GHz. Mobile operators can refarm existing 4G bands like 600 MHz and 2.5 GHz for 5G use. A wide range of spectrum is needed to support the different use cases of 5G networks.

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5G Spectrum Long Version @3g4gUK
©3G4G THIS IS LONG VERSION – FOR SHORT VERSION CLICK ON THE LINK ON TOP RIGHT
©3G4G
©3G4G Electromagnetic Spectrum covers Electromagnetic Waves with frequencies ranging from below 1 hertz to above 1025 hertz
©3G4G The Radio Spectrum is part of spectrum from 3Hz to 3000GHz (3 THz)
©3G4G 5G is only looking at frequencies from 450 MHz to 52.6 GHz 3GPP has divided 5G frequencies in 2 parts: • Frequency Range 1 (FR1): 450 MHz – 7.125 GHz • Frequency Range 2 (FR2): 24.25 GHz – 52.6 GHz
©3G4G 5G is only looking at frequencies from 450 MHz to 52.6 GHz 3GPP has divided 5G frequencies in 2 parts: • Frequency Range 1 (FR1): 450 MHz – 7.125 GHz • Frequency Range 2 (FR2): 24.25 GHz – 52.6 GHz Technically mmWave starts from 30 GHz but people refer to all frequencies in FR2 as mmWave
©3G4G 0 10 GHz 20 GHz 30 GHz 40 GHz 50 GHz 60 GHz 70 GHz 80 GHz 90 GHz 100 GHz FR1: 450 MHz – 7.125 GHz FR2: 24.25 GHz – 52.6 GHz Non-mmWave 5G mmWave 5G
Popular Frequency bands for different Technologies ©3G4G 0 10 GHz 20 GHz 30 GHz 40 GHz 50 GHz 60 GHz 70 GHz 80 GHz 90 GHz 100 GHz 2G, 3G, 4G Non millimeter wave 5G Millimeter wave 5G 0 10 GHz 20 GHz 30 GHz 40 GHz 50 GHz 60 GHz 70 GHz 80 GHz 90 GHz 100 GHz 2.4GHz Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, etc. 5GHz Wi-Fi WiGig – 60GHz Wi-Fi Up to 6GHz 802.11ax 5G FR1 (450 MHz – 7.125 GHz) 5G FR2 (24.25 GHz – 52.6 GHz) 802.11be EHT (1 GHz – 7.125 GHz) 802.11ad / 802.11ay (57.24 GHz – 70.20 GHz)
Wi-Fi Spectrum around the world ©3G4G
Summary: Popular Frequency bands for different Technologies ©3G4G 0 10 GHz 20 GHz 30 GHz 40 GHz 50 GHz 60 GHz 70 GHz 80 GHz 90 GHz 100 GHz Millimeter wave 5G 2.4GHz Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, etc. 5GHz Wi-Fi WiGig – 60GHz Wi-Fi Up to 6GHz 802.11ax 5G FR1 (450 MHz – 7.125 GHz) 5G FR2 (24.25 GHz – 52.6 GHz) 802.11be EHT (1 GHz – 7.125 GHz) 802.11ad / 802.11ay (57.24 GHz – 70.20 GHz) 2G 2G/4G3G 4G Non-mmWave5G non-mmWave 5G 10 GHz 0 GHz
Summary of Spectrum Band Names ©3G4G Note: Not according to scale 300MHz 1GHz 2GHz 3GHz 4GHz UHF 8GHz 12GHz 18GHz 27GHz 30GHz 40GHz SHF 75GHz 110GHz 300GHz EHF 30MHz VHF millimetre wave (mmWave / mmW) centimetre wave (cmWave) Microwaves L IEEE Bands S C X Ku K Ka V W ITU-R Bands E E 86GHz 57GHz V 71-76, 81-86GHz 57-66GHz ITU Band Designation Important Bands to remember: • C band: 3.4 – 4.2, 4.5 – 4.8, 5.85 – 7.075 GHz • Ku band: 12 – 18 GHz • K band: 18 – 26.5 GHz • Ka band: 26.5 – 40 GHz • mmWave start from 30 GHz C 3.4-4.2, 4.5-4.8, 5.85-7.075GHz For more details, see: Rec. ITU-R V.431-7 D Waveguide Bands 110 - 170 GHz Q 33 - 50 GHz
Importance of Frequency selection ©3G4G 2.1GHz 900MHz Higher frequency means faster decay Lower frequency means more number of users in a given cell Higher frequency gets reflected from walls and have poor penetration Lower frequency gets attenuated from walls but still penetrates
5G: Multiple Layers for multiple needs ©3G4G Coverage Layer Sub-1GHz Capacity Layer 1GHz – 7.125GHz High Throughput Layers 24.25GHz – 52.6GHz
5G Needs Different Frequency Bands ©3G4G Coverage Layer Sub-1GHz Capacity Layer 1GHz – 7.125GHz High Throughput Layers 24.25GHz – 52.6GHz Non-mmWave 5G mmWave 5G Non-mmWave 5G
5G Frequency Study / Agreement Process ©3G4G World Radio Conference (WRC) • Every 4 years • Last one was WRC-15 • Next one is WRC-19 WRC-15 • Spectrum agreed for IMT under 6 GHz • Agreed study of spectrum for IMT above 6GHz • Results discussed in WRC-19 (28 Oct – 22 Nov) ITU-R ITU-R Study Groups ITU-R SG5 (Terrestrial Services) WRC-19 Studies Discussion
5G Spectrum ©3G4G ITU WRC- 15 Report from NTT Docomo Technical Journal
Most Popular 5G Frequency Bands ©3G4G 600MHz (2x35MHz) 24.25-24.45GHz 24.75-25.25GHz 27.5-28.35GHz 700MHz (2x30 MHz) 3.4–3.8GHz 24.5-27.5GHz 3.4–3.8GHz 26GHz 3.4–3.8GHz 26GHz 3.46–3.8GHz 26GHz 3.6–3.8GHz 3.3–3.6GHz 4.8–5GHz 24.5-27.5GHz 37.5-42.5GHz 3.4–3.7GHz 26.5-29.5GHz 4.4–4.9GHz 26.5-28.5GHz 3.4–3.7GHz 39GHz 3.6– 4.2GHz 64-71GHz 37-37.6GHz 37.6-40GHz 47.2-48.2GHz 5.9–6.4GHz 5.9–7.1GHz 600MHz (2x35MHz) 27.5-28.35GHz 64-71GHz 37-37.6GHz 37.6-40GHz 24.25-27.5GHz 26.5-27.5GHz 3.55- 3.7- 3.7GHz 4.2GHz 3.55-3.7 GHz 700MHz (2x30 MHz) 700MHz (2x30 MHz) 700MHz (2x30 MHz) 700MHz (2x30 MHz) 5GHz 4GHz 3GHz <1GHz 24-28GHz 37-40GHz 64-71GHz 3.45- 2.5GHz (LTE B41) 3.55GHz Source: Qualcomm Licensed Unlicensed/shared Existing band New 5G band Red highlights frequencies not approved for ITU study
Most Popular 5G Frequency Bands ©3G4G 600MHz (2x35MHz) 24.25-24.45GHz 24.75-25.25GHz 27.5-28.35GHz 700MHz (2x30 MHz) 3.4–3.8GHz 24.5-27.5GHz 3.4–3.8GHz 26GHz 3.4–3.8GHz 26GHz 3.46–3.8GHz 26GHz 3.6–3.8GHz 3.3–3.6GHz 4.8–5GHz 24.5-27.5GHz 37.5-42.5GHz 3.4–3.7GHz 26.5-29.5GHz 4.4–4.9GHz 26.5-28.5GHz 3.4–3.7GHz 39GHz 3.6– 4.2GHz 64-71GHz 37-37.6GHz 37.6-40GHz 47.2-48.2GHz 5.9–6.4GHz 5.9–7.1GHz 600MHz (2x35MHz) 27.5-28.35GHz 64-71GHz 37-37.6GHz 37.6-40GHz 24.25-27.5GHz 26.5-27.5GHz 3.55- 3.7- 3.7GHz 4.2GHz 3.55-3.7 GHz 700MHz (2x30 MHz) 700MHz (2x30 MHz) 700MHz (2x30 MHz) 700MHz (2x30 MHz) 5GHz 4GHz 3GHz <1GHz 24-28GHz 37-40GHz 64-71GHz 3.45- 2.5GHz (LTE B41) 3.55GHz Source: Qualcomm Licensed Unlicensed/shared Existing band New 5G band Red highlights frequencies not approved for ITU study Non-mmWave 5G Coverage Layer
Most Popular 5G Frequency Bands ©3G4G 600MHz (2x35MHz) 24.25-24.45GHz 24.75-25.25GHz 27.5-28.35GHz 700MHz (2x30 MHz) 3.4–3.8GHz 24.5-27.5GHz 3.4–3.8GHz 26GHz 3.4–3.8GHz 26GHz 3.46–3.8GHz 26GHz 3.6–3.8GHz 3.3–3.6GHz 4.8–5GHz 24.5-27.5GHz 37.5-42.5GHz 3.4–3.7GHz 26.5-29.5GHz 4.4–4.9GHz 26.5-28.5GHz 3.4–3.7GHz 39GHz 3.6– 4.2GHz 64-71GHz 37-37.6GHz 37.6-40GHz 47.2-48.2GHz 5.9–6.4GHz 5.9–7.1GHz 600MHz (2x35MHz) 27.5-28.35GHz 64-71GHz 37-37.6GHz 37.6-40GHz 24.25-27.5GHz 26.5-27.5GHz 3.55- 3.7- 3.7GHz 4.2GHz 3.55-3.7 GHz 700MHz (2x30 MHz) 700MHz (2x30 MHz) 700MHz (2x30 MHz) 700MHz (2x30 MHz) 5GHz 4GHz 3GHz <1GHz 24-28GHz 37-40GHz 64-71GHz 3.45- 2.5GHz (LTE B41) 3.55GHz Source: Qualcomm Licensed Unlicensed/shared Existing band New 5G band Red highlights frequencies not approved for ITU study Non-mmWave 5G Capacity Layer
Most Popular 5G Frequency Bands ©3G4G 600MHz (2x35MHz) 24.25-24.45GHz 24.75-25.25GHz 27.5-28.35GHz 700MHz (2x30 MHz) 3.4–3.8GHz 24.5-27.5GHz 3.4–3.8GHz 26GHz 3.4–3.8GHz 26GHz 3.46–3.8GHz 26GHz 3.6–3.8GHz 3.3–3.6GHz 4.8–5GHz 24.5-27.5GHz 37.5-42.5GHz 3.4–3.7GHz 26.5-29.5GHz 4.4–4.9GHz 26.5-28.5GHz 3.4–3.7GHz 39GHz 3.6– 4.2GHz 64-71GHz 37-37.6GHz 37.6-40GHz 47.2-48.2GHz 5.9–6.4GHz 5.9–7.1GHz 600MHz (2x35MHz) 27.5-28.35GHz 64-71GHz 37-37.6GHz 37.6-40GHz 24.25-27.5GHz 26.5-27.5GHz 3.55- 3.7- 3.7GHz 4.2GHz 3.55-3.7 GHz 700MHz (2x30 MHz) 700MHz (2x30 MHz) 700MHz (2x30 MHz) 700MHz (2x30 MHz) 5GHz 4GHz 3GHz <1GHz 24-28GHz 37-40GHz 64-71GHz 3.45- 2.5GHz (LTE B41) 3.55GHz Source: Qualcomm Red highlights frequencies not approved for ITU study mmWave 5G High-Throughput Layer Licensed Unlicensed/shared Existing band New 5G band
Summary: Most Popular 5G Frequency Bands ©3G4G Picture Source: Deutsche Telekom / T-Mobile USA 700 MHz – most popular band 3.5 GHz – most popular band 26/28 GHz – most popular band
5G Bands Defined by 3GPP ©3G4G New Bands in 5G, not in LTE
5G needs large amounts of bandwidth? ©3G4G
5G Deployment Options and Migration Strategy ©3G4G EPC 5GC (NGCN) SA NSA eNB EPC Option 1: SA LTE connected to EPC Option 2: SA NR connected to 5GC (Standalone) (Non-Standalone) [Dual Connectivity] ng-eNB gNB 5GC Option 5: SA LTE connected to 5GC Option 3: NSA LTE assisted NR connected to EPC Option 4: NSA NR assisted LTE connected to 5GC Option 7: NSA LTE assisted NR connected to 5GC Migration Strategy Option 1 ↗ Option 2 ↘ Option 3 Option 3 ↗ Option 7 ↘ Option 5 Option 3 ↗ Option 3 ↘ Option 2 Option 3 ↗ Option 4 ↘ Option 2 [EN-DC] [NE-DC] [NGEN-DC] 5GC 5GC gNB ng-eNB 5GC gNB ng-eNB EPC eNB en-gNB Non-Standalone 5G Networks, Release-15, all 5G networks today (SRIT)
Refarming the existing frequency bands ©3G4G • T-Mobile USA launching 5G in 600 MHz • 600 MHz used for 4G at present 4G 5G Min 1.4 MHz Max 20 MHz Min 5 MHz Max 20 MHz
Refarming the existing frequency bands ©3G4G • Sprint USA launching 5G in 2.5 GHz • 2.5 GHz used for 4G at present 4G 5G Min 1.4 MHz Max 20 MHz Min 10 MHz Max 100 MHz
5G needs large amounts of bandwidth? ©3G4G 3.3 3.8 4.2 4.4 5.0 24.25 27.5 29.5 37 40 26.5 n78 n79 n77 n258 n260 n261 28.35 n257 Bandwidth 900 MHz 500 MHz 600 MHz 3000 MHz (3 GHz) 3250 MHz (3.25 GHz) 3000 MHz (3 GHz) 850 MHz • 3GPP defines new NR (New Radio) bands in FR1 and FR2 in 3GPP Rel.15 NR • FR1: 450 MHz – 6 GHz • Upper range is changing to 7.125 GHz • FR2: 24.25 GHz – 52.6 GHz
5G needs large amounts of bandwidth? ©3G4G
5G Spectrum Plans / Allocation – South Korea ©3G4G Further Reading: Operator Watch Blog
South Korea: Both non-mmWave & mmWave 5G ©3G4G 0 10 GHz 20 GHz 30 GHz 40 GHz 50 GHz 60 GHz 70 GHz 80 GHz 90 GHz 100 GHz FR1: 450 MHz – 7.125 GHz FR2: 24.25 GHz – 52.6 GHz Non-mmWave 5G mmWave 5G
5G Spectrum Plans / Allocation – Japan ©3G4G Further Reading: Operator Watch Blog
Japan: Both non-mmWave & mmWave 5G ©3G4G 0 10 GHz 20 GHz 30 GHz 40 GHz 50 GHz 60 GHz 70 GHz 80 GHz 90 GHz 100 GHz FR1: 450 MHz – 7.125 GHz FR2: 24.25 GHz – 52.6 GHz Non-mmWave 5G mmWave 5G
5G Spectrum Plans / Allocation – Italy ©3G4G Source
Italy: Both non-mmWave & mmWave 5G ©3G4G 0 10 GHz 20 GHz 30 GHz 40 GHz 50 GHz 60 GHz 70 GHz 80 GHz 90 GHz 100 GHz FR1: 450 MHz – 7.125 GHz FR2: 24.25 GHz – 52.6 GHz Non-mmWave 5G mmWave 5G
UK mobile spectrum holdings (present) ©3G4G Source: Ofcom Total amount of spectrum with MNOs = 919.9 MHz
UK: Only non-mmWave 5G right now ©3G4G 0 10 GHz 20 GHz 30 GHz 40 GHz 50 GHz 60 GHz 70 GHz 80 GHz 90 GHz 100 GHz FR1: 450 MHz – 7.125 GHz FR2: 24.25 GHz – 52.6 GHz Non-mmWave 5G mmWave 5G
USA: Mix of mmWave & non-mmWave ©3G4G 0 10 GHz 20 GHz 30 GHz 40 GHz 50 GHz 60 GHz 70 GHz 80 GHz 90 GHz 100 GHz FR1: 450 MHz – 7.125 GHz FR2: 24.25 GHz – 52.6 GHz Non-mmWave 5G mmWave 5G
Switzerland: Only non-mmWave 5G right now ©3G4G 0 10 GHz 20 GHz 30 GHz 40 GHz 50 GHz 60 GHz 70 GHz 80 GHz 90 GHz 100 GHz FR1: 450 MHz – 7.125 GHz FR2: 24.25 GHz – 52.6 GHz Non-mmWave 5G mmWave 5G
Finland: Only non-mmWave 5G right now ©3G4G 0 10 GHz 20 GHz 30 GHz 40 GHz 50 GHz 60 GHz 70 GHz 80 GHz 90 GHz 100 GHz FR1: 450 MHz – 7.125 GHz FR2: 24.25 GHz – 52.6 GHz Non-mmWave 5G mmWave 5G
Australia: Only non-mmWave 5G right now ©3G4G 0 10 GHz 20 GHz 30 GHz 40 GHz 50 GHz 60 GHz 70 GHz 80 GHz 90 GHz 100 GHz FR1: 450 MHz – 7.125 GHz FR2: 24.25 GHz – 52.6 GHz Non-mmWave 5G mmWave 5G
5G Spectrum Challenge ©3G4G f1 f2 f3 f4 LTE Carrier Aggregation 4G / LTE f1 f2 f3 f4 Dual Connectivity (DC) 5G NSA f5 • In theory f6 LTE Carrier Aggregation 5G NR Carrier Aggregation While LTE-A supported up to 5 Component Carriers (CC), each with a max of 20 MHz for Carrier Aggregation, LTE-A Pro supports 32 CCs 5G NR supports up to 16 CCs of max 400 MHz
5G Spectrum Challenge ©3G4G f1 f2 f3 f4 LTE Carrier Aggregation 4G / LTE f1 f2 f3 f4 Dual Connectivity (DC) 5G NSA f5 • In practice f6 LTE Carrier Aggregation 5G NR Carrier Aggregation While LTE-A supported up to 5 Component Carriers (CC), each with a max of 20 MHz for Carrier Aggregation, LTE-A Pro supports 32 CCs 5G NR supports up to 16 CCs of max 400 MHz
5G Spectrum Challenge – Interference ©3G4G • With so many different bands in use, there is a small possibility of interference between them • A recent whitepaper from Keysight points out that the 5G Uplink transmission in 3.5 GHz band might significantly interfere with 4G in the 1.8 GHz band in downlink direction. Maybe bad news, especially in Europe, where these are heavily used
Popular mmWave Frequency bands for different Technologies ©3G4G 0 10 GHz 20 GHz 30 GHz 40 GHz 50 GHz 60 GHz 70 GHz 80 GHz 90 GHz 100 GHz Millimeter wave 5G 2.4GHz Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, etc. 5GHz Wi-Fi WiGig – 60GHz Wi-Fi Up to 6GHz 802.11ax 5G FR1 (450 MHz – 7.125 GHz) 5G FR2 (24.25 GHz – 52.6 GHz) 802.11be EHT (1 GHz – 7.125 GHz) 802.11ad / 802.11ay (57.24 GHz – 70.20 GHz) 2G 2G/4G3G 4G Non-mmWave5G non-mmWave 5G 10 GHz 0 GHz mmWave Various Satellite Based Services (including Satellite Broadband)
Satellite Services using frequencies above 10 GHz ©3G4G • Satellite TV is deployed into Ku-band between 8 GHz and 12 GHz (predominantly between 11.7 and 12.7 GHz, which is what most of us watch at home), and in Ka- band at 18.3–18.8 GHz and 19.7–20.2 GHz. • The Ka-band allocation (18.3–18.8 GHz + 19.7–20.2 GHz) is used for superhigh- definition and ultra-high definition TV. • V-band and W-band are used heavily for Military, Commercial, and Automotive Radar • Satellite Operator Avanti uses Ka band extensively (up to 31 GHz) for providing connectivity to Defence aircrafts, Enterprises, Consumer Broadband and Cellular Backhaul • Many of the new LEO satellite constellations like OneWeb, O3b, etc. have proposed to use mmWave spectrum as all other spectrum bands are congested and large chunks of contiguous spectrum are not otherwise available Further Reading on this topic: ‘5G and Satellite Spectrum, Standards, and Scale’ by Geoff Varrall
mmWave use for Mobile Backhaul ©3G4G • Mobile backhaul makes extensive use of frequencies above 10 GHz • V-Band and E-Band are used extensively today, with D-Band and W- Band primed for future use. Further Reading: • ETSI White Paper No. 25: Microwave and Millimetre wave for 5G Transport • GSMA Mobile backhaul options: Spectrum analysis and recommendations
Summary ©3G4G • There are three types of 5G bands; Coverage Layer, Capacity Layer and High Throughput Layer that is needed for an ideal 5G rollout • In terms of frequency, there is non-mmWave 5G and mmWave 5G. • Most of the initial rollouts is mainly non-mmWave 5G • mmWave 5G will only be available in Urban and Dense-urban areas, not everywhere • 5G could be rolled out in existing frequency bands by re-farming the spectrum • While in theory 5G needs large amounts of bandwidth, there is no reason why 5G can’t be rolled out with small bandwidths • mmWave spectrum is already in use today and it will be complemented by 5G rollouts in that spectrum as well soon.
Thank You To learn more, visit: 3G4G Website – http://www.3g4g.co.uk/ 3G4G Blog – http://blog.3g4g.co.uk/ 3G4G Small Cells Blog – http://smallcells.3g4g.co.uk/ Operator Watch - http://operatorwatch.3g4g.co.uk/ Follow us on Twitter: https://twitter.com/3g4gUK Follow us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/3g4gUK/ Follow us on Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/company/3g4g Follow us on Slideshare: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd Follow us on Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G ©3G4G

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Basics0345gspectrumlong 190605151820

  • 1.
  • 2.
    ©3G4G THIS IS LONGVERSION – FOR SHORT VERSION CLICK ON THE LINK ON TOP RIGHT
  • 3.
  • 4.
    ©3G4G Electromagnetic Spectrum coversElectromagnetic Waves with frequencies ranging from below 1 hertz to above 1025 hertz
  • 5.
    ©3G4G The Radio Spectrumis part of spectrum from 3Hz to 3000GHz (3 THz)
  • 6.
    ©3G4G 5G is onlylooking at frequencies from 450 MHz to 52.6 GHz 3GPP has divided 5G frequencies in 2 parts: • Frequency Range 1 (FR1): 450 MHz – 7.125 GHz • Frequency Range 2 (FR2): 24.25 GHz – 52.6 GHz
  • 7.
    ©3G4G 5G is onlylooking at frequencies from 450 MHz to 52.6 GHz 3GPP has divided 5G frequencies in 2 parts: • Frequency Range 1 (FR1): 450 MHz – 7.125 GHz • Frequency Range 2 (FR2): 24.25 GHz – 52.6 GHz Technically mmWave starts from 30 GHz but people refer to all frequencies in FR2 as mmWave
  • 8.
    ©3G4G 0 10 GHz20 GHz 30 GHz 40 GHz 50 GHz 60 GHz 70 GHz 80 GHz 90 GHz 100 GHz FR1: 450 MHz – 7.125 GHz FR2: 24.25 GHz – 52.6 GHz Non-mmWave 5G mmWave 5G
  • 9.
    Popular Frequency bandsfor different Technologies ©3G4G 0 10 GHz 20 GHz 30 GHz 40 GHz 50 GHz 60 GHz 70 GHz 80 GHz 90 GHz 100 GHz 2G, 3G, 4G Non millimeter wave 5G Millimeter wave 5G 0 10 GHz 20 GHz 30 GHz 40 GHz 50 GHz 60 GHz 70 GHz 80 GHz 90 GHz 100 GHz 2.4GHz Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, etc. 5GHz Wi-Fi WiGig – 60GHz Wi-Fi Up to 6GHz 802.11ax 5G FR1 (450 MHz – 7.125 GHz) 5G FR2 (24.25 GHz – 52.6 GHz) 802.11be EHT (1 GHz – 7.125 GHz) 802.11ad / 802.11ay (57.24 GHz – 70.20 GHz)
  • 10.
    Wi-Fi Spectrum aroundthe world ©3G4G
  • 11.
    Summary: Popular Frequencybands for different Technologies ©3G4G 0 10 GHz 20 GHz 30 GHz 40 GHz 50 GHz 60 GHz 70 GHz 80 GHz 90 GHz 100 GHz Millimeter wave 5G 2.4GHz Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, etc. 5GHz Wi-Fi WiGig – 60GHz Wi-Fi Up to 6GHz 802.11ax 5G FR1 (450 MHz – 7.125 GHz) 5G FR2 (24.25 GHz – 52.6 GHz) 802.11be EHT (1 GHz – 7.125 GHz) 802.11ad / 802.11ay (57.24 GHz – 70.20 GHz) 2G 2G/4G3G 4G Non-mmWave5G non-mmWave 5G 10 GHz 0 GHz
  • 12.
    Summary of SpectrumBand Names ©3G4G Note: Not according to scale 300MHz 1GHz 2GHz 3GHz 4GHz UHF 8GHz 12GHz 18GHz 27GHz 30GHz 40GHz SHF 75GHz 110GHz 300GHz EHF 30MHz VHF millimetre wave (mmWave / mmW) centimetre wave (cmWave) Microwaves L IEEE Bands S C X Ku K Ka V W ITU-R Bands E E 86GHz 57GHz V 71-76, 81-86GHz 57-66GHz ITU Band Designation Important Bands to remember: • C band: 3.4 – 4.2, 4.5 – 4.8, 5.85 – 7.075 GHz • Ku band: 12 – 18 GHz • K band: 18 – 26.5 GHz • Ka band: 26.5 – 40 GHz • mmWave start from 30 GHz C 3.4-4.2, 4.5-4.8, 5.85-7.075GHz For more details, see: Rec. ITU-R V.431-7 D Waveguide Bands 110 - 170 GHz Q 33 - 50 GHz
  • 13.
    Importance of Frequencyselection ©3G4G 2.1GHz 900MHz Higher frequency means faster decay Lower frequency means more number of users in a given cell Higher frequency gets reflected from walls and have poor penetration Lower frequency gets attenuated from walls but still penetrates
  • 14.
    5G: Multiple Layersfor multiple needs ©3G4G Coverage Layer Sub-1GHz Capacity Layer 1GHz – 7.125GHz High Throughput Layers 24.25GHz – 52.6GHz
  • 15.
    5G Needs DifferentFrequency Bands ©3G4G Coverage Layer Sub-1GHz Capacity Layer 1GHz – 7.125GHz High Throughput Layers 24.25GHz – 52.6GHz Non-mmWave 5G mmWave 5G Non-mmWave 5G
  • 16.
    5G Frequency Study/ Agreement Process ©3G4G World Radio Conference (WRC) • Every 4 years • Last one was WRC-15 • Next one is WRC-19 WRC-15 • Spectrum agreed for IMT under 6 GHz • Agreed study of spectrum for IMT above 6GHz • Results discussed in WRC-19 (28 Oct – 22 Nov) ITU-R ITU-R Study Groups ITU-R SG5 (Terrestrial Services) WRC-19 Studies Discussion
  • 17.
    5G Spectrum ©3G4G ITU WRC- 15Report from NTT Docomo Technical Journal
  • 18.
    Most Popular 5GFrequency Bands ©3G4G 600MHz (2x35MHz) 24.25-24.45GHz 24.75-25.25GHz 27.5-28.35GHz 700MHz (2x30 MHz) 3.4–3.8GHz 24.5-27.5GHz 3.4–3.8GHz 26GHz 3.4–3.8GHz 26GHz 3.46–3.8GHz 26GHz 3.6–3.8GHz 3.3–3.6GHz 4.8–5GHz 24.5-27.5GHz 37.5-42.5GHz 3.4–3.7GHz 26.5-29.5GHz 4.4–4.9GHz 26.5-28.5GHz 3.4–3.7GHz 39GHz 3.6– 4.2GHz 64-71GHz 37-37.6GHz 37.6-40GHz 47.2-48.2GHz 5.9–6.4GHz 5.9–7.1GHz 600MHz (2x35MHz) 27.5-28.35GHz 64-71GHz 37-37.6GHz 37.6-40GHz 24.25-27.5GHz 26.5-27.5GHz 3.55- 3.7- 3.7GHz 4.2GHz 3.55-3.7 GHz 700MHz (2x30 MHz) 700MHz (2x30 MHz) 700MHz (2x30 MHz) 700MHz (2x30 MHz) 5GHz 4GHz 3GHz <1GHz 24-28GHz 37-40GHz 64-71GHz 3.45- 2.5GHz (LTE B41) 3.55GHz Source: Qualcomm Licensed Unlicensed/shared Existing band New 5G band Red highlights frequencies not approved for ITU study
  • 19.
    Most Popular 5GFrequency Bands ©3G4G 600MHz (2x35MHz) 24.25-24.45GHz 24.75-25.25GHz 27.5-28.35GHz 700MHz (2x30 MHz) 3.4–3.8GHz 24.5-27.5GHz 3.4–3.8GHz 26GHz 3.4–3.8GHz 26GHz 3.46–3.8GHz 26GHz 3.6–3.8GHz 3.3–3.6GHz 4.8–5GHz 24.5-27.5GHz 37.5-42.5GHz 3.4–3.7GHz 26.5-29.5GHz 4.4–4.9GHz 26.5-28.5GHz 3.4–3.7GHz 39GHz 3.6– 4.2GHz 64-71GHz 37-37.6GHz 37.6-40GHz 47.2-48.2GHz 5.9–6.4GHz 5.9–7.1GHz 600MHz (2x35MHz) 27.5-28.35GHz 64-71GHz 37-37.6GHz 37.6-40GHz 24.25-27.5GHz 26.5-27.5GHz 3.55- 3.7- 3.7GHz 4.2GHz 3.55-3.7 GHz 700MHz (2x30 MHz) 700MHz (2x30 MHz) 700MHz (2x30 MHz) 700MHz (2x30 MHz) 5GHz 4GHz 3GHz <1GHz 24-28GHz 37-40GHz 64-71GHz 3.45- 2.5GHz (LTE B41) 3.55GHz Source: Qualcomm Licensed Unlicensed/shared Existing band New 5G band Red highlights frequencies not approved for ITU study Non-mmWave 5G Coverage Layer
  • 20.
    Most Popular 5GFrequency Bands ©3G4G 600MHz (2x35MHz) 24.25-24.45GHz 24.75-25.25GHz 27.5-28.35GHz 700MHz (2x30 MHz) 3.4–3.8GHz 24.5-27.5GHz 3.4–3.8GHz 26GHz 3.4–3.8GHz 26GHz 3.46–3.8GHz 26GHz 3.6–3.8GHz 3.3–3.6GHz 4.8–5GHz 24.5-27.5GHz 37.5-42.5GHz 3.4–3.7GHz 26.5-29.5GHz 4.4–4.9GHz 26.5-28.5GHz 3.4–3.7GHz 39GHz 3.6– 4.2GHz 64-71GHz 37-37.6GHz 37.6-40GHz 47.2-48.2GHz 5.9–6.4GHz 5.9–7.1GHz 600MHz (2x35MHz) 27.5-28.35GHz 64-71GHz 37-37.6GHz 37.6-40GHz 24.25-27.5GHz 26.5-27.5GHz 3.55- 3.7- 3.7GHz 4.2GHz 3.55-3.7 GHz 700MHz (2x30 MHz) 700MHz (2x30 MHz) 700MHz (2x30 MHz) 700MHz (2x30 MHz) 5GHz 4GHz 3GHz <1GHz 24-28GHz 37-40GHz 64-71GHz 3.45- 2.5GHz (LTE B41) 3.55GHz Source: Qualcomm Licensed Unlicensed/shared Existing band New 5G band Red highlights frequencies not approved for ITU study Non-mmWave 5G Capacity Layer
  • 21.
    Most Popular 5GFrequency Bands ©3G4G 600MHz (2x35MHz) 24.25-24.45GHz 24.75-25.25GHz 27.5-28.35GHz 700MHz (2x30 MHz) 3.4–3.8GHz 24.5-27.5GHz 3.4–3.8GHz 26GHz 3.4–3.8GHz 26GHz 3.46–3.8GHz 26GHz 3.6–3.8GHz 3.3–3.6GHz 4.8–5GHz 24.5-27.5GHz 37.5-42.5GHz 3.4–3.7GHz 26.5-29.5GHz 4.4–4.9GHz 26.5-28.5GHz 3.4–3.7GHz 39GHz 3.6– 4.2GHz 64-71GHz 37-37.6GHz 37.6-40GHz 47.2-48.2GHz 5.9–6.4GHz 5.9–7.1GHz 600MHz (2x35MHz) 27.5-28.35GHz 64-71GHz 37-37.6GHz 37.6-40GHz 24.25-27.5GHz 26.5-27.5GHz 3.55- 3.7- 3.7GHz 4.2GHz 3.55-3.7 GHz 700MHz (2x30 MHz) 700MHz (2x30 MHz) 700MHz (2x30 MHz) 700MHz (2x30 MHz) 5GHz 4GHz 3GHz <1GHz 24-28GHz 37-40GHz 64-71GHz 3.45- 2.5GHz (LTE B41) 3.55GHz Source: Qualcomm Red highlights frequencies not approved for ITU study mmWave 5G High-Throughput Layer Licensed Unlicensed/shared Existing band New 5G band
  • 22.
    Summary: Most Popular5G Frequency Bands ©3G4G Picture Source: Deutsche Telekom / T-Mobile USA 700 MHz – most popular band 3.5 GHz – most popular band 26/28 GHz – most popular band
  • 23.
    5G Bands Definedby 3GPP ©3G4G New Bands in 5G, not in LTE
  • 24.
    5G needs largeamounts of bandwidth? ©3G4G
  • 25.
    5G Deployment Optionsand Migration Strategy ©3G4G EPC 5GC (NGCN) SA NSA eNB EPC Option 1: SA LTE connected to EPC Option 2: SA NR connected to 5GC (Standalone) (Non-Standalone) [Dual Connectivity] ng-eNB gNB 5GC Option 5: SA LTE connected to 5GC Option 3: NSA LTE assisted NR connected to EPC Option 4: NSA NR assisted LTE connected to 5GC Option 7: NSA LTE assisted NR connected to 5GC Migration Strategy Option 1 ↗ Option 2 ↘ Option 3 Option 3 ↗ Option 7 ↘ Option 5 Option 3 ↗ Option 3 ↘ Option 2 Option 3 ↗ Option 4 ↘ Option 2 [EN-DC] [NE-DC] [NGEN-DC] 5GC 5GC gNB ng-eNB 5GC gNB ng-eNB EPC eNB en-gNB Non-Standalone 5G Networks, Release-15, all 5G networks today (SRIT)
  • 26.
    Refarming the existingfrequency bands ©3G4G • T-Mobile USA launching 5G in 600 MHz • 600 MHz used for 4G at present 4G 5G Min 1.4 MHz Max 20 MHz Min 5 MHz Max 20 MHz
  • 27.
    Refarming the existingfrequency bands ©3G4G • Sprint USA launching 5G in 2.5 GHz • 2.5 GHz used for 4G at present 4G 5G Min 1.4 MHz Max 20 MHz Min 10 MHz Max 100 MHz
  • 28.
    5G needs largeamounts of bandwidth? ©3G4G 3.3 3.8 4.2 4.4 5.0 24.25 27.5 29.5 37 40 26.5 n78 n79 n77 n258 n260 n261 28.35 n257 Bandwidth 900 MHz 500 MHz 600 MHz 3000 MHz (3 GHz) 3250 MHz (3.25 GHz) 3000 MHz (3 GHz) 850 MHz • 3GPP defines new NR (New Radio) bands in FR1 and FR2 in 3GPP Rel.15 NR • FR1: 450 MHz – 6 GHz • Upper range is changing to 7.125 GHz • FR2: 24.25 GHz – 52.6 GHz
  • 29.
    5G needs largeamounts of bandwidth? ©3G4G
  • 30.
    5G Spectrum Plans/ Allocation – South Korea ©3G4G Further Reading: Operator Watch Blog
  • 31.
    South Korea: Bothnon-mmWave & mmWave 5G ©3G4G 0 10 GHz 20 GHz 30 GHz 40 GHz 50 GHz 60 GHz 70 GHz 80 GHz 90 GHz 100 GHz FR1: 450 MHz – 7.125 GHz FR2: 24.25 GHz – 52.6 GHz Non-mmWave 5G mmWave 5G
  • 32.
    5G Spectrum Plans/ Allocation – Japan ©3G4G Further Reading: Operator Watch Blog
  • 33.
    Japan: Both non-mmWave& mmWave 5G ©3G4G 0 10 GHz 20 GHz 30 GHz 40 GHz 50 GHz 60 GHz 70 GHz 80 GHz 90 GHz 100 GHz FR1: 450 MHz – 7.125 GHz FR2: 24.25 GHz – 52.6 GHz Non-mmWave 5G mmWave 5G
  • 34.
    5G Spectrum Plans/ Allocation – Italy ©3G4G Source
  • 35.
    Italy: Both non-mmWave& mmWave 5G ©3G4G 0 10 GHz 20 GHz 30 GHz 40 GHz 50 GHz 60 GHz 70 GHz 80 GHz 90 GHz 100 GHz FR1: 450 MHz – 7.125 GHz FR2: 24.25 GHz – 52.6 GHz Non-mmWave 5G mmWave 5G
  • 36.
    UK mobile spectrumholdings (present) ©3G4G Source: Ofcom Total amount of spectrum with MNOs = 919.9 MHz
  • 37.
    UK: Only non-mmWave5G right now ©3G4G 0 10 GHz 20 GHz 30 GHz 40 GHz 50 GHz 60 GHz 70 GHz 80 GHz 90 GHz 100 GHz FR1: 450 MHz – 7.125 GHz FR2: 24.25 GHz – 52.6 GHz Non-mmWave 5G mmWave 5G
  • 38.
    USA: Mix ofmmWave & non-mmWave ©3G4G 0 10 GHz 20 GHz 30 GHz 40 GHz 50 GHz 60 GHz 70 GHz 80 GHz 90 GHz 100 GHz FR1: 450 MHz – 7.125 GHz FR2: 24.25 GHz – 52.6 GHz Non-mmWave 5G mmWave 5G
  • 39.
    Switzerland: Only non-mmWave5G right now ©3G4G 0 10 GHz 20 GHz 30 GHz 40 GHz 50 GHz 60 GHz 70 GHz 80 GHz 90 GHz 100 GHz FR1: 450 MHz – 7.125 GHz FR2: 24.25 GHz – 52.6 GHz Non-mmWave 5G mmWave 5G
  • 40.
    Finland: Only non-mmWave5G right now ©3G4G 0 10 GHz 20 GHz 30 GHz 40 GHz 50 GHz 60 GHz 70 GHz 80 GHz 90 GHz 100 GHz FR1: 450 MHz – 7.125 GHz FR2: 24.25 GHz – 52.6 GHz Non-mmWave 5G mmWave 5G
  • 41.
    Australia: Only non-mmWave5G right now ©3G4G 0 10 GHz 20 GHz 30 GHz 40 GHz 50 GHz 60 GHz 70 GHz 80 GHz 90 GHz 100 GHz FR1: 450 MHz – 7.125 GHz FR2: 24.25 GHz – 52.6 GHz Non-mmWave 5G mmWave 5G
  • 42.
    5G Spectrum Challenge ©3G4G f1f2 f3 f4 LTE Carrier Aggregation 4G / LTE f1 f2 f3 f4 Dual Connectivity (DC) 5G NSA f5 • In theory f6 LTE Carrier Aggregation 5G NR Carrier Aggregation While LTE-A supported up to 5 Component Carriers (CC), each with a max of 20 MHz for Carrier Aggregation, LTE-A Pro supports 32 CCs 5G NR supports up to 16 CCs of max 400 MHz
  • 43.
    5G Spectrum Challenge ©3G4G f1f2 f3 f4 LTE Carrier Aggregation 4G / LTE f1 f2 f3 f4 Dual Connectivity (DC) 5G NSA f5 • In practice f6 LTE Carrier Aggregation 5G NR Carrier Aggregation While LTE-A supported up to 5 Component Carriers (CC), each with a max of 20 MHz for Carrier Aggregation, LTE-A Pro supports 32 CCs 5G NR supports up to 16 CCs of max 400 MHz
  • 44.
    5G Spectrum Challenge– Interference ©3G4G • With so many different bands in use, there is a small possibility of interference between them • A recent whitepaper from Keysight points out that the 5G Uplink transmission in 3.5 GHz band might significantly interfere with 4G in the 1.8 GHz band in downlink direction. Maybe bad news, especially in Europe, where these are heavily used
  • 45.
    Popular mmWave Frequencybands for different Technologies ©3G4G 0 10 GHz 20 GHz 30 GHz 40 GHz 50 GHz 60 GHz 70 GHz 80 GHz 90 GHz 100 GHz Millimeter wave 5G 2.4GHz Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, etc. 5GHz Wi-Fi WiGig – 60GHz Wi-Fi Up to 6GHz 802.11ax 5G FR1 (450 MHz – 7.125 GHz) 5G FR2 (24.25 GHz – 52.6 GHz) 802.11be EHT (1 GHz – 7.125 GHz) 802.11ad / 802.11ay (57.24 GHz – 70.20 GHz) 2G 2G/4G3G 4G Non-mmWave5G non-mmWave 5G 10 GHz 0 GHz mmWave Various Satellite Based Services (including Satellite Broadband)
  • 46.
    Satellite Services usingfrequencies above 10 GHz ©3G4G • Satellite TV is deployed into Ku-band between 8 GHz and 12 GHz (predominantly between 11.7 and 12.7 GHz, which is what most of us watch at home), and in Ka- band at 18.3–18.8 GHz and 19.7–20.2 GHz. • The Ka-band allocation (18.3–18.8 GHz + 19.7–20.2 GHz) is used for superhigh- definition and ultra-high definition TV. • V-band and W-band are used heavily for Military, Commercial, and Automotive Radar • Satellite Operator Avanti uses Ka band extensively (up to 31 GHz) for providing connectivity to Defence aircrafts, Enterprises, Consumer Broadband and Cellular Backhaul • Many of the new LEO satellite constellations like OneWeb, O3b, etc. have proposed to use mmWave spectrum as all other spectrum bands are congested and large chunks of contiguous spectrum are not otherwise available Further Reading on this topic: ‘5G and Satellite Spectrum, Standards, and Scale’ by Geoff Varrall
  • 47.
    mmWave use forMobile Backhaul ©3G4G • Mobile backhaul makes extensive use of frequencies above 10 GHz • V-Band and E-Band are used extensively today, with D-Band and W- Band primed for future use. Further Reading: • ETSI White Paper No. 25: Microwave and Millimetre wave for 5G Transport • GSMA Mobile backhaul options: Spectrum analysis and recommendations
  • 48.
    Summary ©3G4G • There arethree types of 5G bands; Coverage Layer, Capacity Layer and High Throughput Layer that is needed for an ideal 5G rollout • In terms of frequency, there is non-mmWave 5G and mmWave 5G. • Most of the initial rollouts is mainly non-mmWave 5G • mmWave 5G will only be available in Urban and Dense-urban areas, not everywhere • 5G could be rolled out in existing frequency bands by re-farming the spectrum • While in theory 5G needs large amounts of bandwidth, there is no reason why 5G can’t be rolled out with small bandwidths • mmWave spectrum is already in use today and it will be complemented by 5G rollouts in that spectrum as well soon.
  • 49.
    Thank You To learnmore, visit: 3G4G Website – http://www.3g4g.co.uk/ 3G4G Blog – http://blog.3g4g.co.uk/ 3G4G Small Cells Blog – http://smallcells.3g4g.co.uk/ Operator Watch - http://operatorwatch.3g4g.co.uk/ Follow us on Twitter: https://twitter.com/3g4gUK Follow us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/3g4gUK/ Follow us on Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/company/3g4g Follow us on Slideshare: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd Follow us on Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G ©3G4G