This document discusses the basic structure of sentences in English and Arabic. It explains that English sentences follow the pattern of subject + verb + object, while Arabic sentences follow the pattern of verb + subject + object. Some examples are provided to illustrate the differences. The document also provides advice for translating between English and Arabic correctly, such as starting English translations with noun phrases and using punctuation differently. Basic sentence structure is important for both writing and translation between languages.

1. 1
Basic Sentence Structure
Prepared by :
Halima Hussien Al-rithi
Jawaza Nemer Timani
Ghader Adel Al-turki
Eidah Falah Al-faqeri
Rahma Aiesh Abushamah
Section:
362

2. 2
Introduction
This project contains some basic information about sentences structure. It Will help
students to understand the basic structure well, due some students have a common
mistake in writing the Englishsentence correctly . This research will help them to
get to know the correct way to write the basic sentence structure in both Arabic and
English. We will explain the difference between Arabic and English basic sentence
structure and support our explanation with examples. Also this project talk about the
translation in both language and how student translate correctly by follow the
advices to make the translation better.
Definition of sentence
Is a group of words that are put together to make one complete thought
For example :
Mohammad eats an apple
Basic of sentence:
There are five basics for sentence structure in English language
Subject: the noun or nouns that perform the action. There are two types of subject
(Fatima ,Ahmad ,she , and he)1-Singular
(Doors, Books, They, and we)2- Plural
Verb: An action.
(Eat , play ,write , and cook)
Object : The noun or nouns that receive the action
(Makeup , coffee , and my uncle)
Adjective: Describes a noun
(Gentleman , happy, and beautiful)
Adverb: Describes other words( not noun)
(Slowly, quickly, and badly)

3. 3
The sentence structure in English language is fixed , and can not be changed. There
is different between the sentence structure in English and Arabic, because each
language has a specificrules in sentence structure . In English language the
sentence should be follow this pattern
Subject + Verb + Object
In the English sentences we should start with Subject then Verb after that Object .
To prove this rule we will write some examples to illustrate the sentence structure in
the English language.
Subject _ verb
Examples:
*The girl cooks
*Mohammad writes
Subject _ verb _ object
Examples:
*I like coffee
*I love makeup
*I visited my uncle yesterday
Subject _ verb _ adjective
Examples:
*Sultan is gentleman
*Fatima is beautiful
Subject _ verb _ adverb
Examples:
*The horse runs quickly
*Tortoise is walking slowly
Subject _ verb _ noun
Examples:
*I am a student

4. 4
The main difference between English and Arabic languages is the sentence
structure. In Arabic the sentence should be follow this pattern
Verb + Subject + Object
In Arabic sentence start with Verb then Subject, but the common mistake between
some students when they follow the same structure to write English sentence .Now
we will prove this rule with some Arabic examples
Examples for Arabic sentences:
1-‫التفاحة‬ ‫فيصل‬ ‫أكل‬
2-‫القصة‬ ‫هند‬ ‫تقرأ‬
3-‫المنزل‬ ‫حديقة‬ ‫في‬ ‫الورد‬ ‫أسماء‬ ‫زرعت‬
In these examples we start with the Verb
‫زرعت‬ ,‫تقرأ‬ ,‫(أكل‬)
Thenwe write the Subject,and Object.Thishow sentencesshouldbe inArabiclanguage .
If we write the Arabicsentence inEnglishsentence structure itbecome wrong
For example :
1-‫التفاحة‬ ‫أكل‬ ‫فيصل‬
2-‫القصة‬ ‫تقرأ‬ ‫هند‬
3-‫المنزل‬ ‫حديقة‬ ‫في‬ ‫الورد‬ ‫زرعت‬ ‫أسماء‬
The central problem for the students of translation is their direct ,literal translation
of almost all words . Their dedicate themselves to it wholeheartedly and in an
unusual way in all textscontext , in regard to all words , phrases and expressions .
The relation between language and its translation is exactly like the relation between
the human body and its constituent parts .Also, the parts do not ,and cannot work in
isolation .Each part works in relation to , and in connection with the other parts .

5. 5
There are some of translation rules in both languages
1/It is impossible to obtain unexceptionably and exhaustively determined
translational rules .
2* The translator may add or delete from the translated text with sound discretion .
For example:
‫مشكور‬ ‫وجهد‬ ‫بارز‬ ‫بدور‬ ‫قام‬
The translation for this example .He played a prominent role and exerted a highly
appreciated effort. So the verbtranslated into (played and exerted).‫قام‬
3*Literal translation is some time a valid and legitimate method when syntactic
relation are also explicit thematic relation.
There is main difference betweenArabic andEnglishtranslation:
1* In the English translation’s technique the translator start with noun phrase .
For example:
‫التبرعات‬ ‫لجمع‬ ‫حملة‬ ‫االجتماعي‬ ‫سلمان‬ ‫الملك‬ ‫مركز‬ ‫نظم‬
King Salman social center has organized a campaign to collect donations .
While the Arabic translation’s technique start with verb phrase .
2*English translator translate the punctuation marks in English text to contact
between similar sentences they use (comma) but on the other hand the Arabic
translator use)‫(و‬
to contact between similar sentences
3*The culture effected on the translator in both languages
For example:

6. 6
He got nothing at the end
. ‫حنين‬ ‫بخفي‬ ‫عاد‬
4* Arabic translator some times find Arabization in English text they can not
translate in same way . They should translate in standard Arabic .
For example:
* Shampoo
‫الشعر‬ ‫غسول‬
*computer
‫حاسوب‬

7. 7
Conclusion:
Basic sentence has a subject and predicate then you can complete it and adds words
. Here a writer can build a sentence . A good basic and pattern help you to provide a
perfect sentence. And it is an evidence that a writer has a good language ,also make
the reader recognize the information in a good ways .Finally we should to know that
each language has its basic and is different from other

8. 8
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Translation Techniques. (n.d.). Retrieved
techniques-http://www.interproinc.com/ar/blog/translation
Free english arabic translation, free english arabic translator, translate
SYSTRAN. (n.d.). Retrieved-english arabic
translation/-arabic-//www.systransoft.com/lp/englishhttp:
ALTA Language-5 Steps to Becoming a Professional Translator
-ww.altalang.com/beyondhttp://wServices. (2008, May 9). Retrieved
translator/-a-becoming-to-steps-words/2008/05/09/5
‫تايمز‬ ‫ستار‬ ‫منتديات‬. (n.d.). Retrieved November 24, 2015, from
http://www.startimes.com/f.aspx?t=33756323
‫ز‬ ‫الفوائد‬ ‫صيد‬ ‫شبكة‬‫مسلم‬ ‫كل‬ ‫اد‬https://saaid.net/Doat/hasn/52.htm. (n.d.). Retrieved
English sentence structure. (n.d.).-Syntax
e/syntax.htmhttp://esl.fis.edu/learners/advic
Basic Sentence Structures in the English Language. (n.d.)., from
structure.html-english.com/sentence-learn-http://www.really