pumps history and inventions with details...

1. RADIAL PISTON PUMP
…By Vardan sedha

2. CONTENTS…
TYPES
DEFINATION
REQUIREMENT
COMPARISON
APPLICATIONS
PRINCIPLE
WORKING
OUTPUT

3. WHAT IS A PUMP
A pump is a device that moves fluids (liquids or gases), or
sometimes slurries, by mechanical action. Pumps can be classified into
three major groups according to the method they use to move the
fluid: direct lift, displacement, and gravity pumps.
Pumps operate by some mechanism
(typically reciprocating or rotary), and consume energy to
perform mechanical work by moving the fluid. Pumps operate via
many energy sources, including manual operation,
electricity, engines, or wind power, come in many sizes, from
microscopic for use in medical applications to large industrial pumps.

4. *******
Pumping power
 where,
 Δp is the change in total pressure between the inlet and outlet
 Q, the volume flow-rate of the fluid
 η is the pump efficiency
 And..

5. Pump efficiency
• Pump efficiency is defined as the ratio of the power imparted on the fluid by
the pump in relation to the power supplied to drive the pump.
• Its value is not fixed for a given pump, efficiency is a function of the
discharge and therefore also operating head.
• For centrifugal pumps, the efficiency tends to increase with flow rate up to a
point midway through the operating range (peak efficiency) and then
declines as flow rates rise further.
• Pump performance data such as this is usually supplied by the manufacturer
before pump selection.

6. HISTORY…
200 BC- Water organ, an air pump with valves on the bottom, a tank
of water in between them and a row of pipes on top. This is the
principal design that is now known as the reciprocating pump.
1588 Sliding vane water pump technology
1593 -Gear pump
1675 -Packed plunger pump, capable of raising great quantities of
water with far less proportion of strength than a chain or other pump.
The piston had a leather seal.
1687 Centrifugal pump

7. HISTORY…
1738 - In fluid dynamics, Bernoulli's principle states that for an inviscid
flow, an increase in the speed of the fluid occurs simultaneously with a
decrease in pressure or a decrease in the fluid's potential energy. The
principle is applied to various types of fluid flow and is loosely known
as Bernoulli's equation.
1782 James Watt—who invented the steam engine's connecting rod
crank mechanism, which made it possible to convert the piston's
reciprocating motion into rotary motion—designs an oscillating piston
machine in which a wing-shaped rotary blade made a near
complete revolution uncovering inlet ports in a chamber separated
by a curved radial wall

8. HISTORY…
Modern screw pump
All-metal pump
Curved vane centrifugal pump
Wood screw pump
Direct motor-driven reciprocating pump
2006 - High-tech EMTEC-A pump designed specifically for moving
emulsions and cooling lubricants.
2010 - First structural composite anti-heeling pump manufactured for
NCL Cruise lines

9. LATEST DISCOVERIES..
WHAT IS ANTI-HEELING SYSTEM ON SHIPS?
• When the ship tilts on any of its sides i.e. port or starboard and doesn’t
return back to its upright position, it is known as heeling of the vessel.
• the most common cause is uneven cargo loading and unloading
• The anti heeling system of a ship automatically detects the heeling
angle of the ship and compensates the same by aid of pumps.

10. In this system, ballast tanks are internally
connected to each other by means of
pipe lines, automatic valves and control
systems. When the ship heels to any of
the sides, the heeling sensor sends the
signal for change of ships angle with
respect to the ship’s upright position to
the master control panel. This change in
heeling angle is compensated by
methods of auto transferring the water
from the heeled side to the other side of
the ship, making the vessel upright.

11. BALLASTING..
• When no cargo is carried by the ship, the later becomes light in weight,
which can affect its stability. For this reason, ballast water is taken in
dedicated tanks in the ship to stabilize it. Tanks are filled with ballast water
with the help of high capacity ballast pumps and this process is known as
Ballasting.

12. DEBALLASTING…
• However, when the ship is filled with cargo, the stability of the ship is
maintained by the weight of the cargo itself and thus there is no requirement
of ballast water. The process of taking out ballast water from the ballast tanks
to make them empty is known as de-ballasting.

13. Gear Pumps
Off-centered
internal
gear
pump
Centered
internal
gear pump
/ gerotor
pump
Screw
pump
Vane
pump
Radial Piston
Pumps
External
gear
pump
Axial Piston Pumps
Tilting
block
Stationar
y
cylinder
block
Rotating
cylinder
block
Tilting
cam
plate

14. APPLICATION....
 Pumping water from wells
 Aquarium filtering, pond filtering and aeration
 In the car industry for water-cooling and fuel injection
 In the energy industry for pumping oil and natural gas or for
operating cooling towers
 In the medical industry, pumps are used for biochemical processes
and in biomimicry such as creation of artificial heart.

15. TYPES…
Positive
displace
ment
pump
valveless
pumps
steam
pumps
gravity
pumps
velocity
pumps
impulse
pumps

16. FURTHER CLASSIFICATION….
Reciprocating
type
Positive
displacement
pump
Linear
type
Rotary
type
Plunger pumps Radial piston pumps
Reciprocating
Piston pumps
Diaphragm
pumps
type

17. RADIAL PISTON PUMP….
A radial piston pump is a form of hydraulic pump. The working pistons
extend in a radial direction symmetrically around the drive shaft, in
contrast to the axial piston pump.
These are made up of valve-controlled pump cylinders arranged in
radial star-shape. They supply pressurized oil reliably up to 700 bar.
They can produce a very smooth flow under extreme pressure.
Generally they are variable-displacement pumps.

18. CONT….
In variable models, flow rate changes when the shaft holding the
rotating pistons is moved with relation to the casing (in different
models either the shaft or the casing moves). Output can also be
varied by changing the rotation speed.
An odd number of pistons is always used to smooth the hydraulic
balance. These pumps revolve at speeds up to about 1200 RPM.

19. CONSTRUCTION…
The stroke of each piston is caused by an eccentric drive shaft or an external
eccentric tappet.

20. • 1 pump piston
• 2 cam
• 3 slip ring
• 4 valve piston spring (coil)
• 5 valve plug
• 6 band spring (circumferential)
• 7 Valve stem
• 8 Impact plate
• 9 Section
• 10 Valve spring (around stem)
• 11 Location
• 12 Annular collection channel
• 14 Pressure passage
• 16 Suction port

21. DELIVERY STROKE SUCTION STROKE

22. VARIATIONS…
oWhen filling the workspace of the
pumping pistons from "inside" (e.g.,
over a hollow shaft) it is called
an inside impinged (but outside
braced) radial piston pump.
o If the workspace is filled from
"outside" it's called an outside
impinged radial piston pump (but
inside braced).

23. WITH INTERNAL ECCENTRIC SHAFT…

24. WORKING PHASES…

25. PROPERTIES….
•Long life, low wear because of good lubrication
•Higher noise, uneven delivery
•Sensitive to contamination
• Excentricity can be governed, over 0 too
• For motor applications mostly at low speed, 1-10 rpm
• Relative bulky

26. FUNCTION…
The outer ring for bracing of the pumping pistons is in eccentric position to
the hollow shaft in the center. This eccentricity determines the stroke of the
pumping piston.
The piston starts in the inner dead center (IDC) with suction process. After a
rotation angle of 180° it is finished and the workspace of the piston is filled
with the to moved medium. The piston is now in the outer dead center
(ODC). From this point on the piston displaces the previously sucked medium
in the pressure channel of the pump.

27. ARRANGEMENT…

28. CHARACTERISTICS…
high efficiency
high pressure (up to 1,000 bar)
low flow and pressure ripple (due to the small dead volume in the
workspace of the pumping piston)
low noise level
very high load at lowest speed due to the hydrostatically balanced
parts possible
no axial internal forces at the drive shaft bearing
high reliability

29. DISADVANTAGES..
1) A disadvantage are the bigger radial dimensions in comparison to
the axial piston pump, but it could be compensated with the shorter
construction in axial direction.
2) The disadvantage of radial piston pumps of this design is the
generation of noise which can extend to an excessive point. These
noises arise from the ejection of the oil from the necessary lifting of
the band spring. The band spring, when lifted, must push against the
pressurized oil standing in the annular collection channel. This
burdens the ejection of the oil by the delivering piston and is hence
a party to pressure peaks in the cylinder boring which, in the first
place, make lifting of the band spring possible.

30. APPLICATIONS…
Due to the hydrostatically balanced parts it is possible to use the pump
with various hydraulic fluids like mineral oil, biodegradable oil, HFA (oil in
water), HFC (water-glycol), HFD (synthetic ester) or cutting emulsion.
That implies the following main applications for a radial piston pump:
• machine tools (e.g., displace of cutting emulsion, supply for hydraulic
equipment like cylinders)
• high pressure units (HPU) (e.g., for overload protection of presses)
• test rigs

31. • automotive sector (e.g., automatic transmission, hydraulic suspension
control in upper-class cars)
• plastic- and powder injection moulding
• wind energy

32. REFRENCES...
• en.wikipedia.org
• www.dta.eu
• www.slideshare.net
• Patent US6626647 - Radial piston pump - Google Patents
• www.animatedsoftware.com
• www.marineinsight.com